Hyainailourinae Explained

Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe from the middle Eocene to middle Miocene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} They appeared in Africa about 47.8 Ma ago and soon after spread as far as East Asia.^[5]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

• Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae
  • Genus: †Megistotherium
  • Genus: †Mlanyama
  • Genus: †Pakakali
  • Genus: †Simbakubwa
  • Genus: †Akhnatenavus
  • Genus: †Hemipsalodon
  • Genus: †Ischnognathus
  • Tribe: †Hyainailourini
    • Genus: †Exiguodon
    • Genus: †Falcatodon
    • Genus: †Hyainailouros
    • Genus: †Parapterodon
    • Genus: †Sectisodon
    • Genus: †Sivapterodon
    • Genus: †Isohyaenodon
    • Genus: †Kerberos
    • Genus: †Pterodon
  • Tribe: †Leakitheriini ^[6]
    • Genus: †Leakitherium
  • Tribe: †Metapterodontini
    • Genus: †Metapterodon
  • Tribe: †Paroxyaenini
    • Genus: †Paroxyaena

Phylogeny

Cladogram of Hyainailourinae from Morales and Pickford, 2017:^[7]

Notes and References

1. Solé . F. . Lhuillier . J. . Adaci . M. . Bensalah . M. . Mahboubi . M. . Tabuce . R. . The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 12 . 3 . 2013 . 303–322 . 10.1080/14772019.2013.795196. 84475034 .
2. Floréal Solé . Eli Amson . Matthew Borths . Dominique Vidalenc . Michael Morlo . Katharina Bastl . 2015 . A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia) . PLOS ONE . 10 . 9 . e0135698 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0135698 . 26398622 . 4580617 . 2015PLoSO..1035698S. free .
3. Matthew R. Borths . Patricia A. Holroyd . Erik R. Seiffert . 2016 . Hyainailourine and teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia) . PeerJ . 4 . e2639 . 10.7717/peerj.2639 . 27867761 . 5111901 . free .
4. Matthew R. Borths . Nancy J. Stevens . 2017 . The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition . PLOS ONE . 12 . 10 . e0185301 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0185301 . 29020030 . 5636082 . 2017PLoSO..1285301B. free .
5. Averianov . Alexander . Obraztsova . Ekaterina . Danilov . Igor . Jin . Jian-Hua . 2023 . A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China . Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution . 11 . 10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819 . 2296-701X . free .
6. A. V. . Lavrov . 1999 . Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia . 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, P. . 138 . Russian.
7. Jorge Morales . Martin Pickford . 2017 . New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia) . Fossil Imprint . 73 . 3–4 . 332–359 . 10.2478/if-2017-0019 . 31350436 .