Hyades (mythology) explained

In Greek mythology, the Hyades (; Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ὑάδες|Hyádes, popularly "rain-makers"[1] or "the rainy ones"; from, but probably from [2]) are a sisterhood of nymphs that bring rain.[3]

Family

The Hyades were daughters of Atlas (by either Pleione or Aethra, one of the Oceanids) and sisters of Hyas in most tellings, although one version gives their parents as Hyas and Boeotia.[4] [5] [6] The Hyades are sisters to the Pleiades and the Hesperides.

Names

Their number varies from three in the earliest sources to fifteen in the late ones. The names are also variable, according to the mythographer, and include:

Relation! rowspan="2"
NameSources
Hes.[7] ThalesEurip.Dio.Hyg.TheonServ.[8] HesychEust.[9] Unknown
ParentageAtlas and Aethra✓✓
Atlas and Pleione✓
Hyas and Boeotia✓
Cadmilus✓
Erechtheus✓
Hyas and Aethra✓
Number5233535132
NamesPhaisyle ('filtered light') or Aesyle✓not stated✓not stated✓
Coronis ('crow')✓✓✓
Cleeia ('famous') or Cleis✓✓
Phaeo ('dim')✓
Eudora ('generous')✓✓✓
Philia✓
Ambrosia✓✓
Polyxo✓
Pytho✓
Synecho✓
Baccho✓
Cardie✓
Niseis✓
Dione✓
Thyone✓
Prodice✓
Additionally, Thyone and Prodice were supposed to be daughters of Hyas by Aethra, and have been added to the group of stars.

Mythology

The main myth concerning them is envisioned to account for their collective name and to provide an etiology for their weepy raininess: Hyas was killed in a hunting accident and the Hyades wept from their grief.[10] They were changed into a cluster of stars, the Hyades, set in the head of Taurus.[11]

The Greeks believed that the heliacal rising and setting of the Hyades star cluster were always attended with rain, hence the association of the Hyades (sisters of Hyas) and the Hyades (daughters of ocean) with the constellation of the Hyades (rainy ones).[12] [13]

The Hyades are also thought to have been the tutors of Dionysus, in some tellings of the latter's infancy, and as such are equated with the Nysiads, the nymphs who are also believed to have cared for Dionysus,[14] as well as with other reputed nurses of the god—the Lamides,[15] the Dodonides and the nymphs of Naxos.[16] Some sources relate that they were subject to aging, but Dionysus, to express his gratitude for having raised him, asked Medea to restore their youth.[17] [18] [19]

In Tennyson's poem, Ulysses recalls his travels of old:

"I cannot rest from travel: I will drink -Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy'd -Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those - That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when -Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades -Vext the dim sea ..."

In astronomy

See main article: Hyades (star cluster).

A well-studied star cluster in Taurus and the open cluster nearest Earth is named after the Hyades of Greek mythology.

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths - The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. 2017. 9780241983386. 107.
  2. Web site: Hyades . Online Etymology Dictionary, s.v. . 11 July 2013.
  3. Web site: HYADES - Star Nymphs of Greek Mythology . theoi.com . en . 2017-02-16.
  4. [Hyginus]
  5. [Ovid]
  6. [Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]
  7. [Hesiod]
  8. [Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]
  9. [Eustathius of Thessalonica|Eustathius]
  10. Hyginus, Fabulae 192 & 248
  11. "Taurus' face gleams with seven rays of fire, which Greek sailors call Hyades from their rain-word." (Ovid, Fasti 5.164). In Ancient Greek, "to rain" is hyein.
  12. [Hesiod]
  13. [Cicero]
  14. [Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]
  15. [Nonnus]
  16. [Diodorus Siculus]
  17. [Ovid]
  18. Hyginus, Fabulae 182
  19. [Suda|Suidas]

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