Hwanghae Line Explained

Hwanghae Line
Native Name:황해선 (黄海線)
Native Name Lang:ko
Type:Heavy rail, Regional rail
Passenger/Freight
Status:Divided in 1944
Locale:Hwanghae
Start:Sariwon
End:Haeju
Stations:63
Open:1919–1937
Owner:Chōsen Railway
Operator:Chōsen Railway
Linelength Km:294.3
Tracks:Single track

Hwanghae Line (黄海線, Kōkai-sen) was the name given by the privately owned Chōsen Railway of colonial Korea to its network of railway lines in Hwanghae Province.[1] The name encompassed the mainline from Sariwon to Haeju, along with several connecting branch lines.

History

The first section of what would become the Hwanghae Line was a 15km (09miles) 762mm narrow-gauge line from Sanghae (later Samgang) to Naeto via Hwasan opened by the Mitsubishi Ironworks on 20 May 1919 for use as a private industrial railway.[2] Shortly thereafter, the West Chōsen Development Railway was set up to take over this line, which it did on 21 April of the following year.[3]

Immediately after that, the West Chōsen Development Railway began work on another narrow gauge line, a 21.5km (13.4miles) line from Sariwon to Jaeryeong via Sanghae, opening it on 21 December 1920,[4] and on 16 November of the following year it was extended from Jaeryeong to Sincheon, a distance of 13.6km (08.5miles).[5]

On 1 April 1923, the West Chōsen Development Railway merged with five other railway companies to form the Chōsen Railway (abbreviated Chōtetsu, to distinguish it from the Chōsen Government Railway, which was known as Sentetsu),[6] taking over all lines and operations of its predecessors. Chōtetsu then grouped the Sanghae—Naeto line together with the Sariwon—Sanghae—Sincheon line it had inherited from the West Chōsen Development Railway, collectively calling them the Hwanghae Line.

Chōtetsu subsequently expanded the Hwanghae Line network significantly, with the first expansion being the 8km (05miles) addition to extend the line from Hwasan to Miryeok, opening the new track on 1 September 1924.[7] A year to the day later Chōtetsu opened the 15.2km (09.4miles) Miryeok—Sinwon—Haseong line.

The network remained unchanged over the following four years, but after that there came a flurry of expansions. First, the Sariwon–Sincheon line was extended 29km (18miles) from Sincheon to Sugyo on 1 November 1929, followed on 12 November 1929 by the 22km (14miles) extension Sinwon—Hakhyeon section, and on 11 December 1930 by the 6.4km (04miles) Hakhyeon—East Haeju section.[8] Less than a year later, Chōtetsu extended the line again, this time with a 7.5km (04.7miles) segment from East Haeju to Haeju Port station in Ryongdangp'o.

Chōtetsu then began expanding its network around Haeju. First, a 7.5km (04.7miles) line from East Haeju to Haeju Port at Ryongdangp'o was opened on 12 November 1931,[9] after which construction began eastwards from Haeju to create a southern connection to the Gyeongui Line, the state-owned Chōsen Government Railway's main line from Keijō to Sinuiju and on to Andong, Manchukuo. The first section of this new narrow gauge line, from East Haeju to Yeon'an, was opened on 21 December 1931.[9]

The second section involved much more intensive work, as a bridge had to be built across the Ryesong River. Thirty-five girders were supplied by Japanese locomotive manufacturer Kisha Seizō,[10] and the line was finally opened on 1 September 1932, running from Yeon'an across the new bridge to connect to the Gyeongui Line at Toseong (later renamed Gaepung). A 2.3km (01.4miles) extension west from East Haeju to Haeju was opened on 1 July 1933.[11] Chōtetsu then added three new stations, opening Seobyeon Station (later renamed Dongpo), 6.1km (03.8miles) south of East Haeju, on 11 May 1934[12] (now called Wangsin), and Sindeok Station between Sinwon and Haseong, 3.5km (02.2miles) from Sinwon, on 11 August 1935.[13]

Expansion then headed west from Haeju, with a 19.3km (12miles) stretch of new line from Haeju to Chwiya that was opened on 11 December 1936. The northwestern area was not left ignored, as just over a month later, a 17.7km (11miles) extension from Sugyo to Jangyeon was opened on 21 January 1937.[14] Finally, on 10 May 1937 a 0.7km (00.4miles) branch was opened from Dongpo to Jeongdo,[15] followed by a 24.2km (15miles) extension from Chwiya to Ongjin nine days later.[16]

+ Hwanghae Line Construction Timeline
Date Section Length Original Builder
20 May 1919 Sanghae–Naeto 15km (09miles) Mitsubishi Ironworks
21 December 1920 Sariwon–Jaeryeong 21.5km (13.4miles) West Chōsen Development Railway
16 November 1921 Jaeryeong–Sincheon 13.6km (08.5miles) West Chōsen Development Railway
1 September 1924 Hwasan–Miryeok 8km (05miles) Chōsen Railway
1 September 1925 Miryeok–Haseong 15.2km (09.4miles) Chōsen Railway
1 November 1929 Sincheon–Sugyo 29km (18miles) Chōsen Railway
12 November 1929 Sinwon–Hakhyeon 22.6km (14miles) Chōsen Railway
11 December 1930 Hakhyeon–East Haeju 6.4km (04miles) Chōsen Railway
12 November 1931 East Haeju–Haeju Port 7.5km (04.7miles) Chōsen Railway
21 December 1931 East Haeju–Yeon'an 45.1km (28miles) Chōsen Railway
Cheongdan–Deokdal 12.7km (07.9miles) Chōsen Railway
1 September 1932 Yeon'an–Toseong 34.1km (21.2miles) Chōsen Railway
1 July 1933 Haeju–East Haeju 2.3km (01.4miles) Chōsen Railway
11 December 1936 Haeju–Chwiya 19.3km (12miles) Chōsen Railway
21 January 1937 Sugyo–Jangyeon 17.7km (11miles) Chōsen Railway
10 May 1937 Dongpo–Jeongdo 0.7km (00.4miles) Chōsen Railway
19 May 1937 Chwiya–Ongjin 24.2km (15miles) Chōsen Railway

Chōtetsu sold the Hwanghae Line network to Sentetsu on 1 April 1944, which absorbed the Hwanghae Line network and split it up, giving each section a new name:[17]

Deciding that traffic levels merited the construction of a standard gauge line, Sentetsu built a new, 41.7km (25.9miles) line from Sariwon to Haseong, calling it the Hwanghae Main Line. The opening of a new station in Haseong led to the existing station on the narrow gauge line from Sinwon to be renamed "Guhaseong Station" ("Old Haseong Station").[18]

After the end of the Pacific War and the subsequent partition of Korea, most of the former Hwanghae Line network was located in North Korea and was taken over by the Korean State Railway.[19] However, most of the Tohae Line was located in the US zone of occupation that later became South Korea, with the line being divided along the 38th Parallel between Jangbang and Galsan, and the Korean National Railroad operated passenger trains on the line between Tosŏng and Ch'ŏngdan until 1950.[20] After the end of the Korean War, the entirety of the former Hwanghae Line network was within North Korea.[19]

Services

In the November 1942 timetable, the last issued prior to the start of the Pacific War, Chōtetsu operated an extensive schedule of third-class-only local passenger services:[1]

Sariwon ~ Jangyeon
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - -
0.0-06:4511:5018:35Sariwon81.82.9009:4515:5420:52
81.82.9010:0715:2721:47Jangyeon0.0-06:1012:2517:35
Sariwon ~ Haeju
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - - Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - -
0.0-08:3012:0015:0518:25Sariwon73.32.6009:2812:4916:0919:35
73.32.6011:1415:0018:0021:10Haeju0.0-06:5010:0513:2516:50
Toseong ~ Haeju
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - - - Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - - - -
0.0-08:4011:4313:4516:1519:35Toseong81.52.9009:0611:0914:1017:0019:1620:56
81.52.9011:3114:5717:0019:1222:25Haeju0.0-06:2008:2511:2014:0516:2518:00
East Haeju ~ Ongjin
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - - - Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - - -
0.0-08:1511:4515:2017:2019:35East Haeju42.61.5507:4008:1510:2113:1520:05
42.61.5509:4813:1816:5318:5421:35Ongjin0.0-06:0006:3007:5011:3018:20
East Haeju ~ Haeju Port/Jeongdo
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		71 73 505 75 - 77 509 79 81 Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		72 74 508 76 - 78 512 80 82
0.0-06:5008:4009:3011:4013:0015:1516:5517:3021:10East Haeju7.4
6.8		0.2507:4609:4911:0012:3615:0516:0118:3018:4622:06
6.10.2507:0708:5309:5111:5313:2115:2817:1617:4321:23Dongpo1.3
0.7		0.2507:3409:3410:4012:2414:1015:4918:1018:3421:54
7.40.2507:1008:5611:56...15:3117:4621:26Haeju Port0.0-07:3009:3012:20...15:4518:3021:50
6.80.25......09:55.........17:20......Jeongdo0.0-......10:30.........18:00......
Hwasan ~ Naeto
Distance
(read down) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - - Station name Distance
(read up) 		Price
Korean yen 		- - -
0.0-08:4013:0018:45Hwasan2.10.1509:1813:2819:18
2.10.1508:5313:0818:53Naeto0.0-09:1013:2019:10

Routes

Main line Sariwon–Haeju Port (to Sentetsu Sahae Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0SariwonShariin사리원沙里院Sentetsu Gyeongui Line
1.51.5Seosariwon
West Sariwon		Nishi-Shariin서사리원西沙里院
3.62.1MigokBikoku미곡嵋谷
8.14.5SeojongSeishō서종西鐘
11.93.8Sanghae
Samgang (from 1940)		Jōkai
Sankō		상해
삼강		上海
三江		Jangyeon Line
17.96.0GwangtanKōtan광탄広灘
22.74.8SeoktanSekitan석탄石灘
24.82.1HwasanKazan화산花山Naeto Line
28.13.3JangsusanChōjuzan장수산長寿山
32.84.7MiryeokMiryoku미력未力
42.59.7SinwonShin'in신원新院Haseong Line
49.46.9YeomtanEntan염탄塩灘
57.78.3SinjumakShinshubaku신주막新酒幕
64.56.8HakhyeonKakken학현鶴峴
70.96.4Donghaeju
East Haeju		Higashi-Kaishū동해주東海州Tohae Line
74.03.1CheongyangSeiyō청양青陽opened 1937
77.03.0DongpoTōho동포東浦Jeongdo Line
78.41.4HaejuhangKaishūkō해주항海洲港
Samgang–Jangyeon (to Sentetsu Jangyeon Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0Sanghae
Samgang (from 1940)		Jōkai
Sankō		상해
삼강		上海
三江		Sahae Line
4.14.1GeumsanKinzan금산金山
9.65.5JaeryeongSainei재령載寧
13.13.5BaekseokHakuseki백석白石
17.14.0ChangchonSōson창촌倉村
20.53.4Sincheon OncheonShinsen Onsen신천온천信川温泉
23.22.7SincheonShinsen신천信川
29.46.2YongmunRyūmon용문竜門
34.34.9MunhwaBunka문화文化
39.85.5Samcheon OncheonSansen Onsen삼천온천三泉温泉
43.33.5GungheungKyūkyō궁흥弓興
46.53.2YangchonYason야촌野村
52.25.7SugyoSuikyō수교水橋
56.94.7Songhwa OncheonShōka Onsen송화온천松禾温泉
62.55.6NaksanRakuzan낙산楽山
65.93.4NakdoRakudō낙도楽道
69.94.0JangyeonChōen장연長淵
Hwasan–Naeto (to Sentetsu Naeto Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0HwasanKazan화산花山Sahae Line
2.12.1NaetoNaito내토內土
Sinwon–Haseong (to Sentetsu Haseong Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0SinwonShin'in신원新院Sahae Line
3.53.5SindeokShintoku신덕新德
5.52.0HaseongKasei하성下聖
Toseong–Haeju (to Sentetsu Tohae Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0ToseongDojō토성土城Sentetsu Gyeongui Line
6.96.9YesonggangReiseikō예성강禮成江
12.25.3SeonghoSeiko성호星湖
17.25.0Baecheon OncheonHakusen Onsen배천온천白川温泉
21.03.8HonghyeonKōken홍현紅峴
24.63.6MuguBukyū무구無仇
28.64.0Yeon'an OncheonEn'an Onsen연안온천延安温泉
34.15.5Yeon'anEn'an연안延安
39.85.7BongseoHōsei봉서鳳西
45.55.7PungcheonHōsen풍천楓川
50.55.0CheontaeTentai천태天台
55.24.7SingyeShinkei심계深桂
58.73.5CheongdanSeitan청단青丹Deokdal Line
62.94.2NaeseongRaijō내성來城
67.74.8Cheon'gyeolSenketsu천결泉決
74.36.6YeongyangGeiyō영양迎陽
79.24.9Donghaeju
East Haeju		Higashi-Kaishū동해주東海州Sahae Line
81.52.3HaejuKaishū해주海州Ongjin Line
Cheongdan–Deokdal (to Sentetsu Deokdal Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0CheongdanSeitan청단青丹Tohae Line
4.34.3HwayangKayō화양花陽
12.78.4DeokdalTokutatsu덕달徳達
Dongpo–Jeongdo (to Sentetsu Jeongdo Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0DongpoTōho동포東浦Ongjin Line
0.70.7JeongdoTeitō정도鼎島
Haeju–Ongjin (to Sentetsu Ongjin Line)
Distance Station name
Total; kmS2S; kmTranscribed, KoreanTranscribed, JapaneseHunminjeongeumHanja/KanjiConnections
0.00.0HaejuKaishū해주海州Tohae Line
1.01.0CheongyangSeiyō청양青丹Sahae Line
2.92.9DongpoTōho동포東浦Jeongdo Line
7.04.1Seohaeju
West Haeju		Nishi-Kaishū서해주西海州
10.83.7SeoseokSeiseki서석西席
19.38.5ChwiyaSuiya취야翠野
22.33.0GukbongKikuhō국봉菊峰
26.84.5JangdunChōton장둔長屯
34.27.4Sin'gangnyeongShinkōrei신강령新康翎
40.15.9NaengjeongReisei냉정冷井
43.53.4OngjinŌshin옹진甕津

Notes and References

  1. Tōa Travel Co. (東亜旅行社), Ministry of Railways Combined Timetable 1 November 1942 (鐵道省編纂時刻表昭和１７年１１月１日)
  2. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Taishō Nr. 2054, 16 June 1919
  3. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Taishō Nr. 2317, 4 May 1920
  4. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Taishō Nr. 2514, 27 December 1920
  5. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Taishō Nr. 2514, 19 November 1921
  6. http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1923090300209202017&edtNo=1&printCount=1&publishDate=1923-09-03&officeId=00020&pageNo=2&printNo=1101&publishType=00020 Establishment of the Chosen Railway
  7. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Taishō Nr. 3620, 5 September 1924
  8. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 1187, 16 December 1930
  9. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 1492, 26 December 1931
  10. Book: Yamada, Keitarō. 1972. 汽車会社蒸気機関車製造史. Manufacturing History of Kisha Kaisha Steam Locomotives. ja. Nagoya. Kōyūsha.
  11. [Japanese Government Railways]
  12. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 2195, 8 May 1934
  13. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 2581, 19 August 1935
  14. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Showa Nr. 3009, 28 January 1937
  15. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 3096, 14 May 1937
  16. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 3106, 26 May 1937
  17. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 5143, 29 March 1944
  18. 朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 5286, 15 September 1944
  19. Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō),
  20. Web site: 100 Years of Rail Travel - The 38th Parallel (in Japanese) . 2019-08-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150724022432/http://www.geocities.jp/travel_100years/travelguidemap_476.htm . 2015-07-24 . dead .

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