| Vodafone India Limited | |
| Former Name: | Hutchison Max Telecom Limited (1992-2005) Hutchison Essar Limited (2005-2007) Vodafone Essar Limited (2007-2011) |
| Type: | Subsidiary |
| Fate: | Merged with Idea Cellular into Vodafone Idea |
| Successor: | Vodafone Idea |
| Area Served: | India |
| Hq Location City: | Mumbai |
| Hq Location Country: | India |
| Industry: | Telecommunications |
| Services: | Mobile telephony Internet |
| Defunct: | (as company) (as brand) |
| Parent: | Vodafone Group |
| Subsid: | YOU Broadband |
Vodafone India Limited was the Indian subsidiary of UK-based Vodafone Group and was a provider of telecommunications services in India with its operational head office in Mumbai.[1]
As of March 2018, Vodafone India had a market share of 21%,[2] and with its merger with Idea, the collective Vodafone Idea network has approximately 375 million subscribers and is the third largest mobile telecommunications network in India.[3]
Hutchison Max Telecom (HMTL), a joint venture between Hutchison Whampoa and the Max Group, was established on 21 February 1992.[4] The licence to operate in Bombay circle was awarded to Hutchison Max by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) in November 1994.[5] The mobile service branded "Max Touch" was launched the same year.[6] Hutchison Max entered into the Delhi telecom circle in December 1999, the Kolkata circle in July 2000 and the Gujarat circle in September 2000. Licences for these circles had initially been awarded by the DoT in 1994, 1997 and 1995 respectively. Between 1992 and 2006, Hutchison acquired interests in all 23 mobile telecom circles of India.
HMTL was renamed Hutchison Essar (HEL) in August 2005.[7] In Delhi, Uttar Pradesh (East), Rajasthan and Haryana, Essar Group was the major partner. But later Hutch took the majority stake. By the time of Hutchison Telecommunications International's (HTIL) initial public offering in 2004, Hutchison Whampoa had acquired interests in six mobile telecommunications operators providing service in 13 of India's 23 licence areas and following the completion of the acquisition of BPL Mobile that number increased to 16. In 2006, it announced the acquisition of a company (Essar Spacetel — A subsidiary of Essar Group) that held licence applications for the seven remaining licence areas. Initially, the company grew its business in the largest wireless markets in India — in cities like Bombay, Delhi and Kolkata. In these densely populated urban areas it was able to establish a robust network, well-known brand and large distribution network – all vital to long-term success in India. Then it also targeted business users and high-end post-paid customers which helped Hutchison Essar to consistently generate a higher average revenue per user (ARPU) than its competitors. By adopting this focused growth plan, it was able to establish leading positions in India's largest markets providing the resources to expand its footprint nationwide. In February 2007, Hutchison Telecom announced that it had entered into a binding agreement with a subsidiary of Vodafone Group Plc to sell its 67% direct and indirect equity and loan interests in Hutchison Essar for a total cash consideration (before costs, expenses and interests) of approximately $11.1 billion. The acquisition was completed on May 8, 2007.
Hutch was often praised for its award-winning advertisements which all follow a clean, minimalist look. A recurrent theme is that its message "Hi" stands out visibly though it uses only white letters on red background. Another successful ad campaign in 2003 featured a pug named Cheeka following a boy around in unlikely places, with the tagline, "Wherever you go, our network follows." The simple yet powerful advertisement campaigns won it many admirers. Advertisements featuring the pug were continued by Vodafone even after rebranding. The brand subsequently introduced ZooZoos which gained even higher popularity than was created by the Pug. Vodafone's creative agency is O&M while Harit Nagpal was the Marketing Director during the various phases of its brand evolution.
In July 2011, Vodafone Group bought the mobile phone business of its partner Essar Group for $5.46 billion. This meant Vodafone owns 74% of Essar.[8] On 11 February 2007, Vodafone agreed to acquire the controlling interest of 67% held by Li Ka Shing Holdings in Hutchison Essar for US$11.1 billion, pipping Reliance Communications, Hinduja Group, and Essar Group, which is the owner of the remaining 33%. The whole company was valued at USD 18.8 billion.[9] The transaction closed on 8 May 2007. In April 2014, India based Piramal Group sold its 11% Stake in Vodafone India to Prime Metals, an indirect subsidiary of Vodafone Group.[10] [11]
Vodafone was embroiled in a $2.5 billion tax dispute with the Indian Income Tax Department over its purchase of Hutchison Essar Telecom services in April 2007. It was being alleged by the Indian Tax authorities that the transaction involved purchase of assets of an Indian Company, and therefore the transaction, or part thereof was [12] liable to be taxed in India.[13]
Vodafone Group Plc. entered India in 2007 through a subsidiary based in the Netherlands, which acquired HTIL stake in HEL — the joint venture that held and operated telecom licences in India. This Cayman Islands transaction, along with several related agreements, gave Vodafone control over 67% of HEL and extinguished Hong Kong-based Hutchison’s rights of control in India, a deal that cost the world’s largest telco $11.2 billion at the time.[14]
In January 2012, the Supreme Court of India passed the judgement in favour of Vodafone, saying that the Indian Income tax department had "no jurisdiction" to levy tax on overseas transaction between companies incorporated outside India. However, Indian government thinks otherwise. It believes that if an Indian company, Hutchison India Ltd., conducts a financial transaction, then the government should get its tax from it. Therefore, in 2012, India changed its Income Tax Act retroactively and made sure that any company, in similar circumstances, is not able to avoid tax by operating out of tax-havens like the Cayman Islands or Lichtenstein. In May 2012, Indian authorities confirmed that they were going to charge Vodafone about 20,000 crore (US $3.3 billion) in tax and fines. The second phase of the dispute is about to start.[15] The Bombay high court on Thursday directed the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) to hear a Rs.8,600 crore transfer-pricing tax dispute relating to the Indian arm of Vodafone Group from 21 February on a daily basis till a final order is passed.[16]
The entry of Jio in 2016 had led to various mergers and consolidations in the Indian telecom sector.[17] It was announced in March 2017 that even Vodafone India and Idea Cellular would be merged. The merger got approval from Department Of Telecommunications in July 2018. On August 30, 2018, National Company Law Tribunal gave the final nod to the Vodafone-Idea merger.[18] The merger was completed on 31 August 2018, and the newly merged entity was named Vodafone Idea.[19] [20] [21] [22] The merger created the largest telecom company in India by subscribers and by revenue. Under the terms of the deal, the Vodafone Group holds a 45.5 % stake in the combined entity, the Aditya Birla Group holds 26% and the remaining shares will be held by the public.
YOU Broadband (formerly YOU Telecom and originally Iqara Telecom) is an Indian telecommunications company fouunded by British Gas and, since 2017, owned by Vodafone India, which offers fixed-line broadband (FTTH) and voice services (VoIP) in indian major cities which includes Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Gurugram, Hyderabad, Kakinada, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nashik, Navi Mumbai, Navsari, Powai, Pune, Rajkot, Surat, Thane, Vadodara, Valsad, Vapi, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam.[23]
Since 2011, Vodafone launched 3G network using 900 MHz and 2100 MHz. The first city to receive 3G service was Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh.
M-Pesa, was launched in India[24] [25] as a close partnership with HDFC Bank in November 2011.[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31]
On 28 June 2012, Vodafone launched a new international roaming package under which the users shall have not to pay multiple rentals in the countries they are visiting.[32]
On 19 May 2015, TRAI announced that Vodafone had been awarded spectrum in 9 circles for 3G coverage, bidding around 11617.86 million (the second highest amount in the auctions) for the spectrum.[33]
On 8 December 2015, Vodafone announced the roll out of its 4G coverage in India on 1.8 GHz and 2.1 GHz bands starting from Kochi. The service became available to customers in India nationally in 2017, with plans for further expansion. Vodafone now starts 2100Mhz and 2500 MHz for 4G by which customers will get superior 4G speed than previous.[34]
Vodafone India had started rolling its VoLTE services in the country under the tag Vodafone Super VoLTE. Gujarat was the first circle to receive that service. Before the merger with Vodafone Idea the circles where the company was providing VoLTE were: