Husayniyya Explained
A husayniyya a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram.[1] The Husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad.[2] They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.[3]
Terminology
| Ḥosayniya |
|---|
Hussainia in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Arabic | Arabic: حسينية (ḥusayniyya)
Arabic: مأتم (ma'tam) |
| Hindi | Hindi: इमामबाड़ा (imāmbāṛā)
Hindi: आशुरख़ाना (āshurkhānā) |
| Bengali | Bengali: ইমামবাড়া (imambaṛa) |
| Persian | Persian: حسینیه (ḥoseyniye) (takyeh) (takyaxānā)
|
| Urdu | Urdu: {{Nastaliq|امام باڑہ (imāmbāṛā)
Urdu: {{Nastaliq|امام بارگاہ (imāmbārgāh)
Urdu: {{Nastaliq|عاشور خانہ (āshurxānā)
Urdu: {{Nastaliq|حسينيہ (huseyniya) | |
A husayniyya is different from a
mosque. The name comes from
Husayn ibn Ali, the third of
the Twelve Imams and the grandson of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad. Husayn was martyred at the
Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 CE during the reign of
Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. The Shia commemorate his
martyrdom every year on
Ashura, the 10th day of
Muharram. There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in husayniyyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.
[4] and may not necessarily hold
jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer).
In South Asia, a husayniyya can also be referred to as an imambara, imambargah, or ashurkhana. It is also often called a takyeh in Iran and takyakhana in Afghanistan (see takya). In Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, as well as in other Gulf States it is called a ma'tam (Arabic: مأتم).
History
From the time of the Safavid dynasty was ruling Iran, when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the hoseyniyehs and also takyehs became commonplace.[5] Any hoseyniyeh had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many alleys and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights... From the age of Zand dynasty, many bigger and vaster takyeh(s) was made just to hold ta'zieh, where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of ta'zieh.[6] Expense of the husayniyya is provided by Charitable donations and endowments.[7] [8]
Usage
Hussainiya was used during Muharram, Safar, and Ramadan for mourning, Rawda Khwani, Sineh Zani (a Customary form of mourning ceremony which shows their grief with chest-beating).[9] Also, Hussainiya is a place for accommodations of passengers[10] and pilgrims and feeding the poor.[1] Since husayniyya serves as a focal point for Shi’i gathering, it also plays a very significant role in consolidation of religious identity specially for Shi’i population in diaspora.[11]
Notable husayniyyas
- Hosseinieh Azam Zanjan Mosque, in Zanjan, Iran
- Azakhana Syed Dost Ali, Mohallah Katkoi, Amroha, built in 1766/1767
- Hussaini Dalan, in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Prithimpasha Nawab Bari Imambara, in Kulaura, Bangladesh
- Bara Imambara, in Lucknow, India
- Chhota Imambara, in Lucknow, India
- Hooghly Imambara, in Hooghly (W.B.), India
- Nizamat Imambara, in Murshidabad, India
- Badshahi Ashurkhana, in Hyderabad, India
- Dar uz Zehra, Alipur, Karnataka, India.
- Hosseiniyeh Ershad, in Tehran, Iran
- Hussaini Imambara Asim Raza Abdi, in 100/46, Colonel Ganj Kanpur,
- Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab, in Lucknow, India
- Imambargah Mir Vilayat Husain, in Karari Allahabad, India
- Azakhana Wazeer-un-Nisa, located in Amroha, India. The Azakhana was built in 1802 (1226 Hijri) with one Mosque.
- Imambargah Haveli Sa'daat, one of the oldest Imambargahs in Gujranwala, Pakistan. It was built by the Naqvi Sadat family, who migrated from Fatehgarh Churian, Punjab, India.
- Imambargah Bait Aal e Imran, in Kotla Arab Ali Khan, Gujrat, Pakistan. The site was donated by Choudhary Ghulam Hassan, a sunni by birth, and his wife in 1979.
- Imam Bargah mosque, Afghanistan, targeted in the 2021 Kandahar bombing
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Juan Eduardo Campo. Encyclopedia of Islam. 1 January 2009. Infobase Publishing. 978-1-4381-2696-8. 318–.
- Book: Marafi . Najebah . The Intertwined Conflict: The Difference Between Culture and Religion . 29 September 2012 . Xlibris Corporation . 978-1477128367 .
- Book: الكرباسي, محمد صادق محمد . معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية . 2019-01-31 . Hussaini Centre for Research, London. . 978-1-78403-031-5 . ar.
- https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/174729/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AF Hussainiahs and Takkiahs
- Book: Zoka . Yahya. History of Royal Citadel in Tehran and guide to Golestan Palace, (تاریخچه ساختمانهای ارگ سلطنتی تهران و راهنمای کاخ گلستان), vol 1. 283.
- The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in Persian, V 5, P 340
- Book: Ansari Qomi. Iran's endowments in Iraq, (موقوفات ايرانيان در عراق), vol 2. 74–82.
- Ebrahimnegad Shirvani, Pourabbas . Mahbubeh-sadat, Ata . The Role of Ashura rituals and post-Ashura days in spiritual health through promoting religious-oriented normal behavior: A practical model . Journal of Pizhūhish Dar Dīn Va Salāmat . 12 April 2017 . 3 . 2 . 115–122 .
- Web site: Tekyeh & Hussainiya . persiaadvisor.
- Book: Kaempfer . Engelbert . Exotic Attractions in Persia, 1684-1688: Travels & Observations . 2018 . Mage Publishers; 1st Hardcover edition (April 3, 2018) . 978-1933823911 .
- https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520204041/making-muslim-space-in-north-america-and-europe Vermon James Schubel (1996). “Karbala as Sacred Space among North American Shi'a” in Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, edited by Barbara Metcalf, 186-203. Berkeley: University of California Press.
