| Hunter Fracture Zone | |
| Named For: | Hunter Island |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Status: | Active |
| Age: | Miocene-current |
The Hunter Fracture Zone is a sinistral (left-lateral) transform faulting fracture zone, that to its south is part of a triple junction with the New Hebrides Trench, and the North Fiji Basin Central Spreading Ridge. The Hunter Fracture Zone, with the Hunter Ridge, an area with recent volcanic activity to its north, is the southern boundary of the North Fiji Basin.[1] This boundary area in the south-western part of the Hunter Fracture Zone is associated with hot subduction, and a unique range of volcanic geochemistry.
The Hunter Fracture Zone is located to the south and southwest of Fiji and starts where the southern part of the New Hebrides Trench ends due to the increasing obliqueness of convergence lending to more strike slip faulting than subducting. It terminates around the International Date Line, with the Kadavu Islands immediately to its north.[2] However some earlier work has postulated that the fault structures around Suva on Fiji itself are related and different authors have defined the zone variably.[3]
The western Hunter Fracture Zone is an area of fair shallow seismicity.[4] Large (more than) earthquakes have occurred in historic times.[5]
It defines part of the plate boundary between the New Hebrides and the Conway Reef Microplate with the Australian Plate, with the rest of the convergence being accommodated by subduction and rifting. The major present subduction and rifting is in an area where the Hunter Ridge is being split that is called the Monzier Rift.. This is active volcanically as part of a separate subduction system to the rest of the Vanuatu subduction zone that has been called the Matthew and Hunter subduction zone. The Hunter Ridge and Hunter Fracture Zone are the south eastern terminus of the Vanuatu subduction zone's subduction and its associated slab edge. From 3 million years ago the southernmost Central Spreading Ridge of the North Fiji Basin propagated southward and has now intersected with the New Hebrides Trench and the Hunter Fracture Zone to form the current triple junction.