Hungarian diaspora explained

The Hungarian diaspora (Hungarian: magyar diaszpóra) comprises the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside current-day Hungary.

There are two main groups of the diaspora. The first group includes those who are autochthonous to their homeland and live outside Hungary since the border changes of the post-World War I Treaty of Trianon of 1920.[1] [2] The victorious forces redrew the borders of Hungary so that it runs through Hungarian-majority areas. As a consequence, 3.3 million Hungarians found themselves outside the new borders. Although those Hungarians are usually not included in the term "Hungarian diaspora",[3] they are listed as such in this article. The other main group is the emigrants who left Hungary at various times (such as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956). There has been some emigration since Hungary joined the EU in 2004, especially to countries such as Germany,[4] but those patterns have been less extensive than for certain other countries of Central Europe such as Poland and Slovakia.

Additionally, there is the Magyarab people, a small ethnic group located in Egypt and Sudan.[5]

Distribution by country

CountryHungarian populationNoteArticle
bgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=4 align=centerNeighboring countries
1,002,151 (2021)[6] (excluding Csángós)[7] Native to Transylvania,[8] Csángós in Western Moldavia (moved from Transylvania there in the past), and a very small community of Szeklers also in Bukovina (see also Székelys of Bukovina)Hungarians in Romania
456,154 (2021)[9] Autochthonous[10] Hungarians in Slovakia
184,442 (2021)[11] Hungarians in Serbia
156,600 (2001)[12] Hungarians in Ukraine
107,347 (2024)[13] Hungarians in Austria
10,315 (2021)[14] Hungarians in Croatia
10,500 (2021)[15] Hungarians in Slovenia
bgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=4 align=centerOther countries
1,563,081 (2006)[16] Hungarian Americans
348,085 (2016)[17] Immigrants Hungarian Canadians
296,000 (2021)[18] Immigrants Hungarians in Germany
200,000 to 250,000 (2000s)[19] Immigrants; most are Hungarian Jews
200,000 to 250,000 (2020)[20] [21] Immigrants Hungarians in the United Kingdom
200,000 to 250,000 (2021)[22] [23] Immigrants Hungarians in France
80,000 (2002)[24] Immigrants Hungarian Brazilians
76,500 (2002) Immigrants Hungarians in Russia
69,167 (2011)[25] Immigrants Hungarian Australians
40,000 to 50,000 (2016)[26] Immigrants Hungarian Argentines
33,018 (2018)[27] Immigrants Hungarians in Sweden
27,000 (2019)[28] Immigrants
26,172 (2020)[29] Immigrants
20,000 (2013)[30]
15,000 (2013) Immigrants
14,000 (2019) Immigrants
10,000 (2019) Immigrants
9,000 (2019) Immigrants
8,316 (2015)[31] Immigrants
7,000 (2013) Immigrants Hungarian New Zealanders
6,800 (2001) Immigrants Hungarians in Turkey
6,000 (2019) Immigrants
5,600 (2022) Immigrants
4,000 Immigrants
4,000 (2013) Immigrants
4,000 (2013) Immigrants Hungarian Venezuelans
3,500 (2006) Immigrants Hungarian Mexicans
3,000 (2019) Immigrants Hungarians in Finland
3,000 (2013) Immigrants Hungarian Uruguayans
2,387 (2018) Immigrants
2,000 (2012)[32] Immigrants Hungarians in Chile
2,000 (2019) Immigrants
1,728 (2011)[33] Immigrants Hungarians in Poland
1,230 (2022)[34] Foreign citizens only; for instance, excludes 79 Luso-Hungarians who have acquired Portuguese citizenship since 2008[35]
1,000 (2019) Immigrants
620 (2018) Immigrants
500 (2021)[36] Immigrants
400 Immigrants
300 Immigrants
300 Immigrants
206 (2010)[37] Immigrants
200 (2015) Immigrants
200 Immigrants
173 (2018) Immigrants
153 (2015) Immigrants
100 (2015)[38] Immigrants
44 (2015) Immigrants
23 (2015) Immigrants
bgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=1 align=centerTotal bgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=1 align=center5.2–5.5 millionbgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=1 align=centerbgcolor=#BEE8C2 colspan=1 align=centerHungarians

Hungarian immigration patterns to Western Europe increased in the 1990s and especially since 2004, after Hungary's admission in the European Union. Thousands of Hungarians from Hungary sought available work through guest-worker contracts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain, and Portugal.

Hungarian citizenship

A proposal supported by the DAHR to grant Hungarian citizenship to Hungarians living in Romania but without meeting Hungarian-law residency requirements was narrowly defeated at a 2004 referendum in Hungary.[39] The referendum was invalid because of not enough participants. After the failure of the 2004 referendum, the leaders of the Hungarian ethnic parties in the neighboring countries formed the HTMSZF organization in January 2005, as an instrument lobbying for preferential treatment in the granting of Hungarian citizenship.[40]

In 2010, some amendments were passed in Hungarian law facilitating an accelerated naturalization process for ethnic Hungarians living abroad; among other changes, the residency-in-Hungary requirement was waived.[41] In May 2010, Slovakia announced it would strip Slovak citizenship from anyone applying for Hungarian citizenship.[42] Romania's President Traian Băsescu declared in October 2010: "We have no objections to the adoption by the Hungarian government and parliament of a law making it easier to grant Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living abroad."[43]

The new citizenship law took effect on 1 January 2011. It did not grant the right to vote, even in national elections, to Hungarian citizens unless they also resided in Hungary on a permanent basis.[44] In February 2011, the Fidesz government announced that it intended to grant the right to vote to its new citizens.[45] Between 2011 and 2012, 200,000 applicants took advantage of the new, accelerated naturalization process;[46] there were another 100,000 applications pending in the summer of 2012.[47] As of February 2013, the Hungarian government had granted citizenship to almost 400,000 Hungarians ‘beyond the borders’.[48] In June 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjén announced that he expected the number to reach about half a million by the end of the year.[49]

Hungarian citizens abroad have been able to participate in the parliamentary elections without Hungarian residency starting from the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election, however, they cannot vote for a candidate running for the seat in a single-seat constituency, but for a party list.

Famous people of Hungarian descent

CountryNameOccupationSource
Austria Engineer
United States Physicist and discoverer of scale-free networks
United States Actress [50] [51]
Austria Engineer and prolific inventor
Germany Film director
United States Composer
United States Physicist and engineer
United States Biophysicist and Nobel Prize winner
United States Chess player and a record eight-time U.S. Open winner
United States [52]
United States György Buzsáki[53] Neuroscientist
United States
United States American football fullback
United States Actor [54] [55]
France Pianist
United States
Mexico 		Comedian [56]
United States Comedian [57]
United States Film director and screenplay writer
United States Composer, pianist, and conductor
United States Chess player
Germany Conductor
United Kingdom Comedian [58]
United States Actress [59]
United States Engineer and inventor
United States Businessman and entrepreneur
United States
United States Escapologist and magician
United States Soccer goalkeeper
Sweden
Germany 		[60]
United States
United States Biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
United States Aeronautical engineer
United States [61]
United States Physicist
Sweden Microbiologist and author
Austria Physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Belgium Economist
Germany Physicist and Nobel Prize winner
United States Actor
Mexico Film director
United States Actress
United States Physicist and mathematician [62]
United States Mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath [63] [64]
United States
United States Actor [65]
United States Journalist [66]
United Kingdom Biochemist
Slovakia Ľudovít RajterConductor
Conductor
France [67]
Austria Composer
United States Comedian, actor, writer, and producer [68]
United States Tennis player
United States Musician [69]
Canada Endocrinologist
United States Software architect
United States Astronomist and physicist
United States Biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
United States Physicist and inventor [70]
United States Biophysicist and inventor
United States [71]
United Kingdom Physicist, engineer, and inventor
Czech Republic Association football player
France Artist of op art movement
United States Composer
Germany Chemist and Nobel Prize winner
France Photographer, sculptor, medalist, writer, and filmmaker
United States Ivan SoltészScientist
United States Entertainer/comedian [72]
Czech Republic Football player

Politics

Since the Hungarian diaspora could start voting in elections in Hungary from 2012,[73] they have overwhelmingly supported the ruling Fidesz. In the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election, Fidesz won over 95% of the vote,[74] in the 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election, over 96%, while in the 2019 European Parliament election in Hungary, Fidesz received 96%.[75]

Minority interest parties

In several Eastern European countries, parties that represent the interests of Hungarian minorities have emerged.

!Country!Party
CroatiaDemocratic Union of Hungarians of Croatia
RomaniaDemocratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
RomaniaHungarian Alliance of Transylvania
SerbiaAlliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
SlovakiaHungarian Alliance
UkraineParty of Hungarians of Ukraine (KMKSZ)

See also

Notes

  1. Web site: Chasing a Mirage: Hungarian Revisionist Search for U.S. Support to Dismantle the Trianon Peace Treaty, 1920–1938. 2021-05-08. Mathey. Éva. 2012-09-14. PDF. The Trianon Syndrome and Treaty Revision. University of Debrecen. 38–39. English. Since the Great Powers who dictated the peace terms disregarded the principle of national self-determination in Hungary’s case and did not draw the new borders of Hungary to follow ethnic and linguistic lines, 3.3 million ethnic Hungarians were lost to the successor states..
  2. During World War II, some areas were regained by Hungary but later lost after the 1947 Treaty of Paris.
  3. Web site: Diaspora and scattering. 2021-05-05. Hungarian. Hungarian communities abroad can be divided into at least two major categories. On the one hand, the so-called indigenous (autochthonous) minority communities – established as a result of border changes, mainly the new state borders set out in the Treaty of Trianon. On the other hand, diaspora communities of migratory (allochthonous) origin..
  4. Web site: See page 21 of this report. 2014-04-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025011622/http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/Migrationsberichte/migrationsbericht-2012.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. 2017-10-25. dead.
  5. Web site: huconedit . 2023-06-19 . Magyarabs, the Descendants of Hungarians in Africa Hungarian Conservative . 2023-08-24 . www.hungarianconservative.com . en-US.
  6. Web site: Mintha városok ürültek volna ki . As if cities had been emptied . Széchely . István . Székelyhon . hu . 3 January 2023 . 24 January 2023.
  7. http://www.recensamant.ro/datepr/tbl4.html 1,370 persons
  8. Book: Patrick Heenan, Monique Lamontagne. The Central and Eastern Europe Handbook. 1999. 978-1-57958-089-6. Taylor & Francis. 70.
  9. Web site: Népszámlálás, 2021: nézzünk szét a "házunk tájékán"! . felvidek.ma . January 21, 2021 .
  10. Book: Roseann Duenas Gonzalez, Ildiko Melis. Language Ideologies: Critical Perspectives on the Official English Movement. 978-0-8058-4054-4. 2001. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 302.
  11. Web site: 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia . Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224233/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf. 11 August 2014.
  12. https://mek.oszk.hu/12300/12394/12394.pdf
  13. Web site: Átlépte a lélektani határt az Ausztriában élő magyarok száma . 24.hu. 19 February 2024 .
  14. Web site: World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Croatia : Overview (2001 census data). July 2008. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2009-03-16.
  15. Web site: PeopleGroups.org - Hungarians of Slovenia. peoplegroups.org.
  16. Web site: U.S. Census website. U.S. Census. Bureau. United States Census Bureau. 2017-10-19.
  17. Web site: Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. October 25, 2017. www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  18. Web site: Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen. 2022-02-04. Statistisches Bundesamt. de.
  19. Web site: MAGYAR NEMZETISMERET. nemzetismeret.hu.
  20. Web site: It has been officially recognized: far more Hungarians live in the United Kingdom than previously thought. portfolio.hu . 16 February 2020 . 1 March 2021.
  21. Web site: Hány magyar dolgozik külföldön és hol?. Joób. Sándor. April 21, 2018. index.hu.
  22. Web site: Hungarians in France. https://web.archive.org/web/20070204001010/http://www.buod.de/D/kere-d.htm. dead. February 4, 2007.
  23. Web site: PeopleGroups.org - Hungarians of France. peoplegroups.org.
  24. Web site: Hungarians in Brazil. https://web.archive.org/web/20070922025459/http://epoca.globo.com/edic/214/soci1a.htm. dead. September 22, 2007.
  25. Web site: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council. About. Hungary. November 19, 2019. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council.
  26. Web site: Thursday Top Ten: Top Ten Countries With The Largest Hungarian Diaspora In The World. December 1, 2016.
  27. Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland 31 december 2018
  28. Web site: Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination. February 10, 2014. migrationpolicy.org.
  29. Web site: Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari. CBS StatLine. 2021-03-14.
  30. Web site: A diaszpóra tudományos megközelítése. July 3, 2015. Kőrösi Csoma Sándor program.
  31. https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2020.pdf
  32. Web site: Los obreros húngaros emigrados en América Latina entre las dos guerras mundiales. Ilona Varga. https://web.archive.org/web/20160203092216/http://www.ikl.org.pl/Estudios/EL7/EL7_4.pdf. dead. February 3, 2016. www.ikl.org.pl.
  33. http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna
  34. Web site: Sefstat 2022 .
  35. Web site: Acquisition of citizenship statistics . 2023-05-28 . ec.europa.eu . en.
  36. Web site: Hungarians, Kazakhs are almost relatives, says Hungarian cultural centre head. Assel Satubaldina in People on 19. April 2018. April 19, 2018.
  37. Web site: November 19, 2012 . Foreign Citizens in the Philippines (Results from the 2010 Census) . April 7, 2021 . psa.gov.ph . Philippine Statistics Authority.
  38. Web site: Hungarians in Vietnam – VIDEO. Adrienn. Sain. December 20, 2015. Daily News Hungary.
  39. Book: Rogers Brubaker. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. 2006. Princeton University Press. 978-0-691-12834-4. 328.
  40. Book: Tristan James Mabry. John McGarry. Margaret Moore. Brendan O'Leary. Divided Nations and European Integration. 30 May 2013. University of Pennsylvania Press. 978-0-8122-4497-7. 112.
  41. Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 1 and 7
  42. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10166610 Slovaks retaliate over Hungarian citizenship law
  43. http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/romania-hungary.6kp/ Romania backs Hungarian citizenship law
  44. http://euobserver.com/news/30165 New double citizenship law does not change voting rights
  45. http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2011/02/07/dual-citizenship-at-its-logical-conclusion/ Dual citizenship at its logical conclusion. Policy Solutions’ analysis: A vote for lost Hungarians is a vote for the right
  46. Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 11
  47. Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 18
  48. https://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/02/hungary-and-romania Hungary and Romania. Flag wars
  49. http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2013/06/12/open-wound-2/ Open wound. Trianon remembered 93 years on
  50. Web site: Drew Barrymore News and Trivias at CelebrityWonder.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061208203128/http://www.celebritywonder.com/html/drewbarrymore_trivia1.html . 2006-12-08 . 2006-06-10. "She is half Hungarian on her mother's side."
  51. Web site: Simply Drew - Biography. . "Drews Mother - Jaid Barrymore (nee Ildiko Jaid Mako) [was] Born on 8 May 1946 in Brannenburg, West Germany in a camp for displaced persons. Jaids parents (Drew's grandparents) were Hungarian."
  52. News: Fox. Chloe. The prime of Adrien Brody. Guardian Unlimited. November 12, 2006 . December 13, 2006 . London.
  53. Web site: The Brain Prize Winners 2017 - Lundbeckfonden - The Brain Prize. www.thebrainprize.org.
  54. Web site: Ananova - Tony Curtis to promote Hungarian tourism . 2016-07-24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070430032214/http://www.adalarms.force9.co.uk/tony-curtis/hun.htm . 2007-04-30.
  55. http://www.americancinematheque.com/pressreleases/TonyCurtisPress.htm "Born Bernard Schwartz in 1925 to Jewish-Hungarian parents, Curtis grew up in New York’s matinee movie-palaces..."
  56. News: Vogel. Laura. Louis C.K.. November 10, 2010. New York Post. May 27, 2007. dead. https://archive.today/20121208165544/http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/item_0i3ylcj0GXPO0SqsmNybUM;jsessionid=4FAF908BF5985A7D8D7DBB9802A22A40. December 8, 2012.
  57. https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihusHzginAC&dq=%22rodney+dangerfield%22+hungary&pg=PA3 Rodney Dangerfield: A Lifetime of No Respect but Plenty of Sex and Drugs by Rodney Dangerfield
  58. Web site: BBC - Family History - WDYTYA? Series Two: Celebrity Gallery. www.bbc.co.uk.
  59. http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/filmography.html?p_id=25448 "Zsa Zsa Gabor born, Budapest Hungary. Though some sources say 1918, 1919, or 1920. 1936 Elected Miss Hungary."
  60. George de Hevesy: life and work : a biography, Hilde Levi, A. Hilger, 1985
  61. Book: Weibel, Peter . Beyond Art - A Third Culture : a Comparative Study in Cultures, Art, and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary . 2005 . Springer . 3-211-24562-6 . 350 .
  62. News: Chasing the king of chess. https://web.archive.org/web/20090925033341/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-bobby-fischer21-2009sep21,0,1824779,full.story. dead. September 25, 2009. Peter. Nicholas. September 21, 2009. Los Angeles Times. September 21, 2009.
  63. Doran, p. 1
  64. Nathan Myhrvold, "John von Neumann". Time, March 21, 1999. Accessed September 5, 2010
  65. Web site: Naomi Pfefferman. The Days of Summer. Jewish Journal. 2002-04-12. 2007-09-01.
  66. András Csillag, "Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History," American Jewish Archives, Jan 1987, Vol. 39 Issue 1, pp 49–68
  67. News: Opinion - The New French President's Roots Are Worth Remembering. Serge. Schmemann. The New York Times. 15 May 2007.
  68. News: Jerry Seinfeld's Biography. https://web.archive.org/web/20080606041633/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64376/Jerry-Seinfeld/biography. dead. June 6, 2008. Movies & TV Dept.. The New York Times. 2008. July 18, 2010.
  69. http://www.genesimmons.com/bio2.html Biography
  70. Book: Blumesberger , Susanne . K. G. Saur. 3-598-11545-8. Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft. 1. 2002. etal.
  71. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vnNwSwTfsU Video
  72. News: Jerry Seinfeld's Biography. https://web.archive.org/web/20080606041633/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64376/Jerry-Seinfeld/biography. dead. June 6, 2008. Movies & TV Dept.. The New York Times. 2008. July 18, 2010.
  73. News: Hungary's Orban courts diaspora for election boost . 7 December 2021 . France 24 . 28 March 2018 . en.
  74. Web site: Viktor Orbán courts voters beyond 'fortress Hungary'. August 22, 2017. POLITICO.
  75. Web site: Hungarians Outside EU Cast Votes for Fidesz. May 29, 2019.

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