| Election Name: | 1994 Hungarian parliamentary election |
| Country: | Hungary |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1990 Hungarian parliamentary election |
| Previous Year: | 1990 |
| Next Election: | 1998 Hungarian parliamentary election |
| Next Year: | 1998 |
| Seats For Election: | All 386 seats to the Országgyűlés |
| Majority Seats: | 194 |
| Election Date: | 8 May 1994 (first round) 29 May 1994 (second round) |
| Turnout: | 68.92% (first round) 55.12% (second round) |
| 1Blank: | and % |
| 2Blank: | and % |
| 3Blank: | Party vote |
| 4Blank: | % and swing |
| Leader1: | Gyula Horn |
| Party1: | Hungarian Socialist Party |
| Leader Since1: | 27 May 1990 |
| Last Election1: | 33 seats, 10.89% |
| Seat Change1: | 176 |
| 1Data1: | 1,689,081 (31.3%) |
| 2Data1: | 1,945,355 (45.4%) |
| 3Data1: | 1,781,867 |
| 4Data1: | 32.99% 22.10 pp |
| Leader2: | Gábor Kuncze |
| Party2: | Alliance of Free Democrats |
| Last Election2: | 94 seats, 21.40% |
| Seat Change2: | 25 |
| 1Data2: | 1,005,766 (18.6%) |
| 2Data2: | 1,219,472 (28.4%) |
| 3Data2: | 1,066,074 |
| 4Data2: | 19.74% 1.66 pp |
| Leader3: | Péter Boross |
| Party3: | Hungarian Democratic Forum |
| Leader Since3: | 12 December 1993 |
| Last Election3: | 164 seats, 24.72% |
| Seat Change3: | 126 |
| 1Data3: | 649,966 (12.0%) |
| 2Data3: | 638,866 (14.9%) |
| 3Data3: | 633,957 |
| 4Data3: | 11.74% 12.98 pp |
| Leader4: | József Torgyán |
| Party4: | Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party |
| Leader Since4: | 26 April 1991 |
| Last Election4: | 44 seats, 11.74% |
| Seat Change4: | 18 |
| 1Data4: | 425,482 (7.9%) |
| 2Data4: | 252,405 (5.9%) |
| 3Data4: | 476,416 |
| 4Data4: | 8.82% 2.92 pp |
| Leader5: | László Surján |
| Party5: | Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary) |
| Leader Since5: | 27 May 1990 |
| Last Election5: | 21 seats, 6.46% |
| Seat Change5: | 1 |
| 1Data5: | 397,887 (7.4%) |
| 2Data5: | 126,616 (3.0%) |
| 3Data5: | 379,573 |
| 4Data5: | 7.03% 0.57 pp |
| Leader6: | Viktor Orbán |
| Party6: | Fidesz |
| Leader Since6: | 18 April 1993 |
| Last Election6: | 22 seats, 8.95% |
| Seat Change6: | 2 |
| 1Data6: | 416,143 (7.7%) |
| 2Data6: | 29,391 (0.7%) |
| 3Data6: | 379,295 |
| 4Data6: | 7.02% 1.93 pp |
| Map Size: | 350px |
| Government | |
| Posttitle: | Government after election |
| Before Election: | Boross Government |
| Before Party: | MDF–EKGP–KDNP |
| After Election: | Horn Government |
| After Party: | MSZP–SZDSZ |
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 8 May 1994, with a second round of voting in 174 of the 176 single member constituencies on 29 May.[1] [2] [3] They resulted in the return to power of the Hungarian Socialist Party, the former Communist party, under the leadership of Gyula Horn, who became prime minister. The Socialists achieved a remarkable revival, winning an overall majority of 209 seats out of 386, up from 33 in 1990.
The governing Hungarian Democratic Forum was severely defeated, falling from 165 seats to 38 for third place. It was also a disappointment for the principal opposition party of the previous parliament, the Alliance of Free Democrats, which failed to capitalize on the government's unpopularity and lost seats. Poor economic performance, apparent government incompetence and a certain nostalgia for the social security of the communist era appear to be the main reasons for the result, together with significant reform of the Socialists' policies, with commitment to the expansion for the market economy and continued compensation for the victims of communism.
While the Socialists had enough seats to govern alone, Horn decided to form a coalition with the Free Democrats, giving him a two-thirds majority. This was partly to assuage public concerns inside and outside Hungary over an ex-Communist party with an absolute majority, and partly to get his reform package past his own party's left wing.
| County[4] | MSZP | SZDSZ | MDF | FKGP | KDNP | Fidesz | Workers' Party | Republican Party | Agrarian Alliance | MIÉP | Others | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bács-Kiskun | 26.70 | 18.07 | 12.82 | 12.36 | 7.63 | 6.57 | 3.00 | 1.87 | 3.38 | 1.60 | 6.00 | |
| Baranya | 32.09 | 21.75 | 10.87 | 8.48 | 6.30 | 6.60 | 3.13 | 3.35 | 2.31 | 1.51 | 3.62 | |
| Békés | 31.93 | 19.35 | 9.75 | 12.40 | 3.97 | 5.99 | 5.46 | 3.32 | 2.07 | - | 5.77 | |
| Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén | 40.12 | 16.26 | 9.60 | 6.93 | 8.89 | 6.95 | 4.31 | 1.79 | 2.14 | - | 3.00 | |
| Budapest | 35.15 | 20.77 | 14.94 | 4.60 | 5.61 | 6.15 | 2.64 | 4.78 | 1.76 | 3.58 | - | |
| Csongrád | 26.88 | 20.64 | 10.64 | 11.38 | 7.20 | 6.92 | 3.47 | 2.64 | 2.87 | 2.02 | 5.35 | |
| Fejér | 33.37 | 19.52 | 9.85 | 10.42 | 5.62 | 10.01 | 2.63 | 2.88 | 2.03 | 1.59 | 2.08 | |
| Győr-Moson-Sopron | 26.75 | 22.21 | 12.68 | 10.89 | 8.18 | 8.11 | 1.93 | 2.68 | 1.62 | - | 4.95 | |
| Hajdú-Bihar | 35.47 | 17.49 | 10.49 | 9.91 | 4.77 | 8.04 | 2.46 | 1.59 | 2.44 | 2.29 | 5.04 | |
| Heves | 34.61 | 20.84 | 9.68 | 7.45 | 8.76 | 5.63 | 4.71 | 1.35 | 1.73 | 1.44 | 3.81 | |
| Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok | 34.97 | 19.39 | 9.57 | 10.27 | 5.12 | 7.41 | 4.74 | 1.63 | 2.02 | - | 4.88 | |
| Komárom-Esztergom | 38.72 | 22.89 | 8.64 | 8.37 | 6.42 | 6.36 | 3.39 | - | 1.69 | - | 3.52 | |
| Nógrád | 34.79 | 16.61 | 10.47 | 6.23 | 10.73 | 6.50 | 10.60 | - | 1.69 | - | 2.39 | |
| Pest | 29.88 | 20.69 | 12.00 | 9.62 | 7.70 | 7.01 | 2.19 | 3.19 | 1.66 | 2.49 | 3.57 | |
| Somogy | 40.60 | 15.42 | 9.03 | 12.37 | 6.49 | 7.42 | 1.86 | 1.25 | 2.24 | 1.52 | 1.79 | |
| Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | 32.64 | 16.25 | 12.00 | 8.79 | 7.84 | 7.61 | 3.54 | 1.58 | 1.93 | 1.72 | 6.09 | |
| Tolna | 31.25 | 18.07 | 10.65 | 8.25 | 8.88 | 7.92 | 2.59 | 2.04 | 4.18 | 2.09 | 4.09 | |
| Vas | 25.83 | 25.63 | 12.31 | 11.32 | 10.54 | 6.99 | 2.15 | 1.44 | 2.60 | - | 1.19 | |
| Veszprém | 29.00 | 22.31 | 12.23 | 10.44 | 7.74 | 8.04 | 2.10 | 1.26 | 1.94 | - | 4.95 | |
| Zala | 29.37 | 18.87 | 12.35 | 13.91 | 9.81 | 7.66 | 2.13 | - | 2.06 | - | 3.84 | |
| Total | 32.99 | 19.73 | 11.73 | 8.82 | 7.03 | 7.01 | 3.18 | 2.53 | 2.10 | 1.58 | 3.25 | |