Hungarian nationalism explained

Hungarian nationalism (Hungarian: magyar nacionalizmus) developed in the late 18th century^{[1] [2]} and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation.^{[3] [4]} In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungarian as the official language rather than Latin.

Parties

Current

• Fidesz^{[5] [6] [7]}
• Jobbik^[8] (2003–2020)
• Our Homeland Movement^[9] (2018–present)

Former (After 1989: End of communism in Hungary)

• People of the Orient Party – Christian Democrats^[10] (1989–1998)
• Party of the Hungarian Interest^[11] (1993–2005)
• Hungarian Justice and Life Party^[12] (1993–2021) (merged with Our Homeland Movement^[13])

Former (Before 1945)

• Unity Party (1922–1944)
• Hungarian National Independence Party (1923–1928)
• Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party^{[14] [15]} (1932–1945)
• Arrow Cross Party^[16] (1935–1945)
• Christian National Socialist Front^[17] (1937–1940)
• United Hungarian National Socialist Party^[18] (1936–1940)
• National Front (1936–1939)

Movements

• Magyar Gárda (2007–2009), see also Magyar Nemzeti Gárda
• Force and Determination^[19] (2017–present)
• Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement^[20] (2001–present)
• Pax Hungarica Movement^{[21] [22]} (2008–2017)
• Hungarian National Defence Association or "Véderő"^[23] (2007–2011)
• Hungarian National Front^{[24] [25]} (1989–2016)
• Civil Guard Association for a Better Future^[26] (2011–2014)^[27]
• Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom (2014–present)
• Magyar Nemzeti Gárda^[28] (2010–present)
• Betyársereg^[29]
• Legio Hungaria^[30]

See also

• Doctrine of the Holy Crown
• Hungarian irredentism
• Hungarian Revolution of 1848
• Hungarian Turanism
• Magyarization
• National symbols of Hungary
• National conservatism
• Right-wing populism
• Trianon Syndrome
• Magyar Sziget

Further reading

• Maxwell. Alexander. Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's "Imagined Communities. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3. 2005. 11. 3. 385–414. 10.1080/13537110500255619. 144921927.

External links

• Nationalism in Hungary, 1848-1867, Steven W. Sowards, Michigan State University

Notes and References

1. Almási . Gábor . Šubarić . Lav . 2022 . The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 1) . Nations and Nationalism . 28 . 3 . 894–908 . en . 10.1111/nana.12827 . 248717936 . 1354-5078.
2. Almási . Gábor . Šubarić . Lav . 2022 . The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 2) . Nations and Nationalism . 28 . 4 . 1326–1339 . en . 10.1111/nana.12826 . 248709263 . 1354-5078.
3. Book: Mark James Hoolihan, p. 17, 2007. 9780549238607. Hoolihan. Mark James. 2007. Michigan State University. Department of History .
4. Colquhoun, A. R., & Colquhoun, E. M. C. (1914). The whirlpool of Europe, Austria-Hungary and the Habsburgs. New York: Dodd, Mead.
5. Web site: Ilikova . Lilia . Tushev . Andrey . 2020 . Right-Wing Populism in Central Europe: Hungarian Case (Fidesz, Jobbik) . 6 September 2023 . redalyc.org.
6. Palonen . Emilia . 25 July 2018 . Performing the nation: the Janus-faced populist foundations of illiberalism in Hungary . 6 September 2023 . Journal of Contemporary European Studies. 26 . 3 . 308–321 . 10.1080/14782804.2018.1498776 . free .
7. News: 2016-04-27 . Europe and right-wing nationalism: A country-by-country guide . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-09-06.
8. Web site: . 9 July 2013 . ECHR upholds ban on Hungarian far-right group . Euronews.com . euronews.
9. Web site: /A New Political Movement Emerges on Hungary's Far Right . Haines . John R. . 10 July 2018 . Fpri.org . FPRI.
10. Book: Vida . István . Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] . Gondolat Kiadó . 2011 . 978-963-693-276-3 . 365–366 . hu . Kelet Népe Párt, Kereszténydemokraták (KNP–KD).
11. Book: Vida . István . Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] . Gondolat Kiadó . 2011 . 978-963-693-276-3 . 334 . hu . A Magyar Érdek Pártja (AMÉP).
12. The Hungarian Patient: Social Opposition to an Illiberal Democracy Hardcover – July 2, 2015 by Peter Krasztev (Author, Editor), Jon Van Til (Editor), p. 134. https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf1fCgAAQBAJ&dq=HUngarian+life+and+justice+party+far+right&pg=PA134
13. Web site: Kuruc.info - Megszűnt a MIÉP, felszámolási eljárásban az FKGP - vezetőik a Mi Hazánk jelöltjei lettek .
14. Sipos, Péter (1979). "Nyilasmozgalmak,1931–1944". História. 1 (04): 44.
15. Web site: Hungarian nationalism . September 8, 2019 . Oszk.hu.
16. Web site: Hungarian Nazis (Arrowcross Party). Terrorhaza.hu.
17. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p911
18. Paksy Zoltán - A nemzetiszocialista mozgalmak megszerveződése, párt- és regionális struktúrája Magyarországon az 1930-as években, Múltunk 2003/3 p. 202-237.- (Zoltán Paksy - The organization, party and regional structure of the national socialist movements in Hungary in the 1930s) http://epa.oszk.hu/00900/00995/00019/pdf/paksyz09-3.pdf
19. News: Hungarian far right launches new political party . 20 September 2018 . The Guardian . 8 July 2017 .
20. Web site: Hungarian far-right figure attacked in Serbia . politics.hu . 2015-01-04 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141026040944/http://www.politics.hu/20080513/hungarian-farright-figure-attacked-in-serbia . 2014-10-26 .
21. Web site: Elfogytak a tagok: megszűnik a Pax Hungarica Mozgalom . 2017-08-09 . 2017-07-31 . Mandiner . hu.
22. Book: Militant Right-Wing Extremism in Putin's Russia: Legacies, Forms and Threats. Miroslav. Mareš. Martin. Laryš. Jan. Holzer. October 25, 2018. Routledge. 9780429953620. Google Books.
23. Web site: Jobbik deputy chairman slams Véderő head; party seen favoring crackdown on controversial civil guard group. politics.hu. 11 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075627/http://www.politics.hu/20110503/jobbik-deputy-chairman-slams-vedero-head-party-seen-favoring-crackdown-on-controversial-civil-guard-group/. 24 September 2015. dead.
24. News: Szemán. László János. Felszámolták a szélsőséges hungarista szervezetet. 16 January 2017. Magyar Idők. 8 December 2017. hu-HU.
25. Web site: Prosecutor's office presses charges against Hungarian National Front . Kovács . Zsóka . 12 March 2018 . dailynewshungary.com . Dailynews Hungary.
26. Web site: Hungarian Government Urged To Protect Roma From Harassment and Intimidation . Human Rights First . 2011-03-18 . 2011-03-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110408060423/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/03/18/hungarian-government-urged-to-protect-roma-from-harassment-and-intimidation/ . 2011-04-08 .
27. Web site: 2014-10-18 . Más néven alakult újjá a feloszlatott Szebb Jövőért . 2024-02-26 . hvg.hu . hu.
28. https://www.channel4.com/news/hungary-jobbik-far-right-militias-jewish-congress 4News
29. https://www.channel4.com/news/hungary-jobbik-far-right-militias-jewish-congress 4News
30. https://www.rcc.int/swp/news/252/between-moderation-and-extremism-the-strange-evolution-of-hungarian-far-right#:~:text=In%20general%2C%20the%20Hungarian%20far-Right%20can%20be%20categorized,a%20contemporary%20nationalist%20movement%20which%20started%20in%201993. rcc.int