Humburi Senni language explained

Humburi Senni
Nativename:humburi ciini[1]
States:Burkina Faso, Mali
Region:Hombori
Date:1999–2021
Ref:e26
Dia1:Hombori
Dia2:Maransé
Script:Latin
Arabic
Familycolor:Nilo-Saharan
Fam2:Songhay
Fam3:Southern
Iso3:hmb
Glotto:humb1243
Glottorefname:Humburi Senni Songhay
Map:Songhay languages.svg
Mapcaption:Location of Songhay languages[2]
Northwest Songhay:Eastern Songhay:

Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in the Hombori region, straddling the Burkina–Mali border.

Orthography

Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA".

Humburi Senni Songhay Latin Alphabet (Mali)[3]
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
Ɲ ɲ Ŋ ŋ O o P p R r S s Š š T t U u W w Y y Z z Ž ž
pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/

Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on UNESCO.BREDA report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in Bamako.[4] [5]

Humburi Senni Arabic alphabet (Mali)
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
‌(-)
pronounced as /link//pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(B b)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(T t)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(C c)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(S s)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(J j)
pronounced as /link/ |-! Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(H h)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(Kh kh)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(Ŋ ŋ)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(D d)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(Z z)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(R r)
pronounced as /link/ |-! Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(Z z)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(Ž ž)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(S s)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(Š š)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(S s)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(D d)
pronounced as /link/|-! Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(T t)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(Z z)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(-)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(G g)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(G g)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(F f)
pronounced as /link/ |-! Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(P p)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |
(K k)
pronounced as /link/| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(K k)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(L l)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(M m)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(N n)
pronounced as /link/ |-! Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(H h)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(W w)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(-)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(W w)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(-)
pronounced as /link/ | style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
(Ɲ ɲ)
pronounced as /link/ |}
Vowel at the beginning of a word
A E I O U
Short Vowels
Long Vowels
Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
Vowel at the middle or end of a word
a e i o u
Short Vowels
Long Vowels
aa ee ii oo uu


External links

  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali). University of Michigan. Link

Notes and References

  1. Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
  2. This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
  3. République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  4. Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. https://www.academia.edu/40381457/Using_Arabic_script_in_writing_the_languages_of_the_peoples_of_Muslim_Africa_Mohamed_Chtatou_1992_
  5. Book: en . Jonathan . Kew . Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages . 2 June 2003 .