Human body weight explained

Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.

Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.

Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about in Asia and Africa to about in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.

Estimation in children

There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the Broselow tape.^[1] The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.^[2]

The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10 years of age. In those less than a year old, it is

m = \tfrac{ 1 }{ 2 }a _{m} + 4

and for those 1–10 years old, it is

m = 2 a _{y} + 10

where m is the number of kilograms the child weighs and a_m and a_y respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.

The Theron formula is

m = e ^{0 . 175571 a _{y} +2 . 197099}

where m and a_y are as above.^[3]

Fluctuation

Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise.^[4] Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.^[5]

Ideal body weight

Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients;^[6] researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight.^[7] The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.

Devine formula

The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:

• Male ideal body weight = + × (height (cm) − 152)
• Female ideal body weight = + × (height (cm) − 152)

Hamwi method

The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:^[8]

• Male ideal body weight = + × (height (cm) − 152)
• Female ideal body weight = + × (height (cm) − 152)

Usage

Sports

Participants in sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, rowing, judo, sambo, Olympic weightlifting, and powerlifting are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., wrestling weight classes, boxing weight classes, judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Medicine

Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.^{[9] [10]}

Average weight around the world

By region

Data from 2005:

Region	Adult population (millions)	Average weight	% Overweight
	535	60.7kg (133.8lb)	28.9%
	2,815	57.7kg (127.2lb)	24.2%	^[11]
	606	70.8kg (156.1lb)	55.6%
	386	67.9kg (149.7lb)	57.9%
	263	80.7kg (177.9lb)	73.9%
	24	74.1kg (163.4lb)	63.3%
	4,630	62kg (137lb)	34.7%

By country

Country	Average male weight	Average female weight	Sample population / age range		Year
	69.2kg (152.6lb)	62.6kg (138lb)	18–69	Measured	2018	^[12]
	68.7kg (151.5lb)	65.1kg (143.5lb)	25–64	Measured	2005	^[13]
	74.6kg (164.5lb)	66.4kg (146.4lb)	18–69	Measured	2016	^[14]
	87kg (192lb)	71.8kg (158.3lb)	18+	Measured	2018	^[15]
	72.1kg (159lb)	65.7kg (144.8lb)	16+	Measured	2005	^[16]
	55.2kg (121.7lb)	49.8kg (109.8lb)	25+	Measured	2009–2010	^[17]
	69kg (152lb)	56kg (123lb)	18+	Measured	2008	^[18]
	74.2kg (163.6lb)	70.5kg (155.4lb)	20+	Measured	2010	^[19]
	63.7kg (140.4lb)	60.9kg (134.3lb)	18–69	Measured	2015	^[20]
	63.2kg (139.3lb)	57.4kg (126.5lb)	18–69	Measured	2014	^[21]
	63.6kg (140.2lb)	64.3kg (141.8lb)	15–69	Measured	2014	^[22]
	72.7kg (160.3lb)	62.5kg (137.8lb)	20–74	Measured	2008–2009	^[23]
	74.1kg (163.4lb)	62.9kg (138.7lb)	19+	Measured	2010–2011	^[24]
	76.9kg (169.5lb)	69.1kg (152.3lb)	21-59	Self-reported	2021	^[25]
	65.2kg (143.7lb)	59kg (130lb)	25–64	Measured	2013	^[26]
	56.8kg (125.2lb)	50.8kg (112lb)	25–64	Measured	2010	^[27]
	68.3kg (150.6lb)	67kg (148lb)	15+	Measured	2003	^[28]
	84.6kg (186.5lb)	70.1kg (154.5lb)	18–79	Measured	2007–2009	^[29]
	77.3kg (170.4lb)	67.5kg (148.8lb)	15+	Measured	2009–2010	^[30]
	76.6kg (168.9lb)	64.9kg (143.1lb)	20+	Measured	2010	^[31]
	92.1kg (203lb)	73.8kg (162.7lb)	25–64	Measured	2016–2017	^[32]
	84.4kg (186.1lb)	71.2kg (157lb)	18+	Measured	2003–2010	^[33]
	77.1kg (170lb)	62.7kg (138.2lb)	15+	Measured	2005	^[34]
	84.4kg (186.1lb)	73.6kg (162.3lb)	18–69	Measured	2016	^[35]
	85.9kg (189.4lb)	69.2kg (152.6lb)	18+	Self-reported	2021	^[36]
	65kg (143lb)	55kg (121lb)	16+	Measured	2020	^[37]
	86.6kg (190.9lb)	71.6kg (157.9lb)	18+	Self-reported	2020	^[38]
	74.9kg (165.1lb)	68.1kg (150.1lb)	18+	Measured	2017	^[39]
	66kg (146lb)	59kg (130lb)	18–69	Measured	2013–2014	^[40]
	62.5kg (137.8lb)	56.8kg (125.2lb)	15–64	Measured	2007–2008	^[41]
	84.6kg (186.5lb)	73.4kg (161.8lb)	18–64	Measured	2012	^[42]
	70.6kg (155.6lb)	60.2kg (132.7lb)	19+	Measured	2018	^[43]
	58.4kg (128.7lb)	55.9kg (123.2lb)	15–64	Measured	2012–2013	^[44]
	84.5kg (186.3lb)	83kg (183lb)	25–64	Measured	2007–2008	^[45]
	77.3kg (170.4lb)	71.7kg (158.1lb)	25–64	Measured	2005	^[46]
	84.6kg (186.5lb)	70kg (150lb)	20+	Measured	2013	^[47]
	62kg (137lb)	59kg (130lb)	25–64	Measured	2009	^[48]
	75.3kg (166lb)	70.4kg (155.2lb)	25–64	Measured	2006	^[49]
	73.34kg (161.69lb)	58.29kg (128.51lb)	18+	Measured	2019	^[50]
	82.4kg (181.7lb)	66.6kg (146.8lb)	18–64	Measured	2013	^[51]
	61.4kg (135.4lb)	54.6kg (120.4lb)	18–69	Measured	2014–2015	^[52]
	65.4kg (144.2lb)	61.6kg (135.8lb)	18–69	Measured	2016	^[53]
	81.9kg (180.6lb)	66.7kg (147lb)	16–84	Measured	2003–2004	^[54]
	63.2kg (139.3lb)	60kg (130lb)	15–64	Measured	2010	^[55]
	99.4kg (219.1lb)	97.7kg (215.4lb)	25–64	Measured	2012	^[56]
	76.7kg (169.1lb)	71.1kg (156.7lb)	15–64	Measured	2011	^[57]
	78kg (172lb)	70.1kg (154.5lb)	15+	Measured	2017	^[58]
	76.6kg (168.9lb)	67.4kg (148.6lb)	18–69	Measured	2018	^[59]
	85.4kg (188.3lb)	72.1kg (159lb)	16+	Measured	2019	^[60]
	84kg (185lb)	69kg (152lb)	16+	Measured	2009	^[61]
	80kg (180lb)	71kg (157lb)	18+	Measured	2020	^[62]
	90.6kg (199.7lb)	77.5kg (170.9lb)	20+	Measured	2015–2018	^[63]

Global statistics

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.^[64]

Rank	Country	Kilograms	Pounds	Relative size
1	Micronesia	87.398
2	Tonga	87.344
3	United States	81.928
4	Samoa	78.544
5	Kuwait	77.791
6	Australia	77.356
7	Malta	76.956
8	Qatar	76.866
9	Croatia	76.412
10	United Kingdom	75.795
11	UAE	75.532
12	Greece	75.038
13	Cyprus	74.802
14	Egypt	74.271
15	Barbados	73.831
16	Belarus	73.663
17	Bahrain	73.550
18	Germany	73.042
19	Solomon Islands	72.797
20	Austria	72.743
21	Saudi Arabia	72.638
22	Iceland	72.584
23	Trinidad & Tobago	72.538
24	Argentina	72.434
25	Bahamas	72.380
26	Finland	72.348
27	Israel	71.912
28	Czech Rep.	71.640
29	New Zealand	71.631
30	Bulgaria	71.459
31	Russia	71.418
32	Slovenia	71.200
33	Slovakia	71.060
34	Albania	71.019
35	Bosnia	71.001
36	Switzerland	70.987
37	Rep. of Moldova	70.978
38	Venezuela	70.788
39	Chile	70.593
40	Georgia	70.561
41	Spain	70.556
42	Azerbaijan	70.484
43	Hungary	70.443
44	Libya	70.429
45	Luxembourg	70.270
46	Tajikistan	70.234
47	Portugal	70.193
48	Lithuania	70.153
49	Grenada	70.139
50	Panama	69.939
51	Ireland	69.926
52	Canada	69.767
53	Jordan	69.649
54	St Vincent & Grenadines	69.590
55	Belize	69.377
56	Poland	69.241
57	Macedonia	69.209
58	Italy	69.205
59	Jamaica	69.064
60	Sweden	69.064
61	Turkey	69.046
62	Cuba	69.037
63	Mexico	69.023
64	Mongolia	68.910
65	Uruguay	68.873
66	Belgium	68.801
67	Suriname	68.778
68	Latvia	68.778
69	Norway	68.774
70	Netherlands	68.746
71	Ukraine	68.674
72	Guatemala	68.579
73	Saint Lucia	68.438
74	Armenia	68.424
75	Nicaragua	68.415
76	Vanuatu	68.229
77	El Salvador	68.220
78	Lebanon	68.170
79	Ecuador	68.166
80	Fiji	68.048
81	Bolivia	68.034
82	Dominican Rep.	67.993
83	Denmark	67.957
84	Costa Rica	67.853
85	Tunisia	67.726
86	Iran	67.608
87	Turkmenistan	67.563
88	Paraguay	67.445
89	Peru	67.440
90	Syria	67.422
91	Guyana	67.032
92	France	66.782
93	Estonia	66.732
94	Equatorial Guinea	66.451
95	Romania	66.401
96	Colombia	66.370
97	Uzbekistan	66.351
98	Kazakhstan	66.265
99	Brazil	66.093
100	Mauritius	66.052
101	Iraq	66.034
102	Lesotho	65.966
103	Honduras	65.834
104	Oman	65.803
105	South Africa	65.667
106	Kyrgyzstan	65.413
107	Botswana	65.045
108	Cameroon	64.832
109	Morocco	64.764
110	South Korea	64.392
111	Mauritania	64.179
112	Algeria	63.639
113	Gabon	62.845
114	Ghana	62.491
115	Cape Verde	62.296
116	Papua New Guinea	62.251
117	Eswatini	62.097
118	Djibouti	62.015
119	Haiti	61.698
120	Comoros	61.044
121	Zimbabwe	61.022
122	Brunei	60.945
123	Sierra Leone	60.854
124	Nigeria	60.745
125	Malaysia	60.682
126	China	60.555
127	Angola	60.387
128	Senegal	60.373
129	Benin	60.282
130	Mali	60.078
131	Yemen	59.802
132	Philippines	59.715
133	Namibia	59.584
134	Sudan	59.407
135	Togo	59.280
136	Guinea	59.112
137	Japan	59.017
138	Pakistan	58.976
139	Singapore	58.935
140	Thailand	58.786
141	Côte d'Ivoire	58.727
142	Laos	58.436
143	Chad	58.196
144	Niger	57.933
145	Maldives	57.647
146	São Tomé and Príncipe	57.561
147	Burkina Faso	57.456
148	Congo	57.384
149	Tanzania	57.293
150	Gambia	57.071
151	Uganda	57.007
152	Afghanistan	56.935
153	Malawi	56.681
154	Rwanda	56.635
155	Myanmar	56.354
156	Kenya	56.264
157	Guinea-Bissau	56.087
158	Mozambique	55.955
159	Central African Rep.	55.946
160	Zambia	55.910
161	Cambodia	55.742
162	Liberia	55.533
163	Somalia	55.375
164	Madagascar	55.157
165	Burundi	54.127
166	Congo	53.501
167	Ethiopia	53.057
168	India	52.943
169	North Korea	52.589
170	Indonesia	52.467
171	Eritrea	52.041
172	Timor-Leste	51.950
173	Bhutan	51.142
174	Vietnam	50.725
175	Nepal	50.476
176	Sri Lanka	50.421
177	Bangladesh	49.591
—	world average	61.997

See also

• Anthropometry
• Bergmann's rule
• Birth weight
• Body mass index (BMI)
• Classification of obesity
• Emaciation
• Hesse's Rule
• History of anthropometry
• Human height
• List of heaviest people
• Obesity
• Overweight
• Set point theory
  • Thermoregulation in humans
• Underweight
• Weight loss and weight gain
• Weight phobia (disambiguation)

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