Hugh R. Wilson Explained

Ambassador From:United States
Country:Germany
Term Start:March 3, 1938
Term End:November 16, 1938
Predecessor:William E. Dodd
Successor:Alexander Comstock Kirk (Acting)
President:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Office2:United States Assistant Secretary of State
Term Start2:August 23, 1937
Term End2:January 17, 1938
Predecessor2:George S. Messersmith
Successor2:Adolf A. Berle
President2:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Minister From3:United States
Country3:Switzerland
Term Start3:June 11, 1927
Term End3:July 8, 1937
Predecessor3:Hugh S. Gibson
Successor3:Leland B. Harrison
President3:Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Hugh R. Wilson
Birth Name:Hugh Robert Wilson
Birth Date:29 January 1885
Birth Place:Evanston, Illinois, US
Death Place:Bennington, Vermont, US
Spouse:Katherine Boyle
Occupation:Diplomat
Education:Yale University
École Libre des Sciences Politiques

Hugh Robert Wilson (January 29, 1885 – December 29, 1946) was a member of the United States Foreign Service who headed the United States mission to Switzerland for ten years beginning in 1927. He became Assistant Secretary of State in 1937[1] and served for several months in 1938 as Ambassador to Germany.

Biography

Wilson was born on January 29, 1885, in Evanston, Illinois, to Hugh Robert and Alice W. Wilson. He attended The Hill School for four years and graduated in 1902.[2] He attended Yale University graduating in 1906.[3] He worked in business for a few years and studied at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques, Paris in 1910. He served briefly in the delegation in Lisbon until, upon passing examinations for the Diplomatic Service, he was appointed secretary to the delegation in Guatemala.[4] While in that post, Wilson married Katherine Boyle in London on April 25, 1914.[5] He later served in Buenos Aires, Berlin, Vienna, Tokyo, and Berne.[6] From 1924 to 1927 he worked in Washington as Chief of the Division of Current Information of the Department of State.

He held the position of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland from 1927 to 1937 and, during those years, represented the United States at many international conferences. On August 23, 1937, he became Assistant Secretary of State.[7] He served as Ambassador to Germany from March 3 to November 16, 1938.

He attended the congress of the Nazi Party in Nuremberg in September 1938 and broke with the precedent established by his predecessor, William E. Dodd, who had refused to attend. In Dodd's absence, the embassy's chargé d'affaires had attended the previous year.[8] President Franklin Roosevelt called Wilson home for urgent consultations in November 1938 after the anti-Jewish attacks on Kristallnacht, and Wilson never returned to Germany.[9]

Wilson coined the phrase "pretty good club" while he described the foreign service. While he was the ambassador to Germany, he sought to emphasize the positive aspects of the country. He accused the American press of being "Jewish controlled" and of singing a "hymn of hate while efforts are made over here to build a better future." He praised Hitler as "the man who has pulled his people from moral and economic despair into the state of pride and evident prosperity they now enjoyed."[10]

Yale awarded Wilson an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1939.[11] Bryant College awarded him an honorary degree the same year.[12]

Wilson held the title Advisor to Secretary of State until he retired from the Foreign Service on December 31, 1940.[13] He returned to government service after the attack on Pearl Harbor and worked at the Office of Strategic Services from 1941 to 1945. He then accepted an appointment as chief of the foreign affairs section of the Republican National Committee.[14]

With Pierre Cot, a French Cabinet Minister throughout the 1930s, Wilson taught a course at Yale in the spring of 1941.[15]

Wilson died on December 29, 1946, in Bennington, Vermont, after a long illness.[16]

Wilson's son Hugh R. Wilson, Jr., deposited his father's papers at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in 1968.[17]

Works

External links

Notes and References

  1. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Takes Oath," August 24, 1937, accessed August 31, 2011
  2. Book: Illinois Biographical Dictionary. 9781878592606. Hannan. Caryn. January 2008.
  3. New York Times: "Wilson to Attend Party," December 2, 1938, accessed August 31, 2011
  4. New York Times: "Win Diplomatic Posts," January 9, 1912, accessed August 31, 2011
  5. News: Hugh R. Wilson Weds. . 1914-04-26 . The New York Times . 2019-09-28 . en-US . 0362-4331.
  6. TIME: "Chameleon & Career Man," December 20, 1937, accessed August 31, 2011
  7. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Takes Oath," August 24, 1937, accessed September 1, 2011
  8. New York Times: "Wilson to Attend Rally," August 26, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011; New York Times: "Nazi Victory in Austria Stressed as Nuremberg Congress Opens," September 6, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011
  9. New York Times: "U.S. Envoy Arrives to Report on Reich," November 26, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011
  10. In the Garden of Beasts, Erik Larson
  11. New York Times: "2,700 Cheer Benes Getting Yale LL.D.," June 22, 1939, accessed September 1, 2011
  12. Bryant Alumni Bulletin: Deaths, January 1947, accessed September 1, 2011
  13. New York Times: "H.R. Wilson Retires; Was Envoy to Reich," November 25, 1940, accessed September 1, 2011
  14. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Joins Republican Advisers," April 12, 1945, accessed August 31, 2011
  15. New York Times: Pierre Cot Appointed to Give Course at Yale," January 27, 1941, accessed September 1, 2011
  16. TIME: "Milestones," January 6, 1947, accessed September 1, 2011
  17. Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum: "Hugh R. Wilson Papers", accessed August 31, 2011
  18. New York Times: J. Donald Adams, "A Diplomat's Formative Years," March 27, 1938, accessed August 31, 2011
  19. New York Times: C. Hartley Grattan, "A Diplomat's Experience between Wars," March 30, 1941, accessed August 31, 2011

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