| Hugh Nelson | |
| Office1: | United States Minister to Spain |
| Appointer1: | James Monroe |
| Term Start1: | December 4, 1823 |
| Term End1: | July 23, 1824 |
| Predecessor1: | John Forsyth |
| Successor1: | Alexander Hill Everett |
| Office2: | Chair of the House Judiciary Committee |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1815 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1819 |
| Predecessor2: | Charles J. Ingersoll |
| Successor2: | John Sergeant |
| Term Start3: | 1822 |
| Term End3: | March 3, 1822 |
| Predecessor3: | John Sergeant |
| Successor3: | Daniel Webster |
| Office4: | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia |
| Constituency4: | 21st district (1811-1813) 22nd district (1813-1823) |
| Term Start4: | March 4, 1811 |
| Term End4: | January 14, 1823 |
| Predecessor4: | David S. Garland |
| Successor4: | Alexander Smyth |
| Office5: | 13th Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates |
| Term Start5: | 1807 |
| Term End5: | 1809 |
| Predecessor5: | Peter Johnston Jr. |
| Successor5: | James Barbour |
| State Delegate6: | Virginia |
| District6: | Albemarle |
| Term Start6: | 1805 |
| Term End6: | 1809 Alongside Joel Yancey, Walter Leake, Peter Carr, Rice Garland |
| Predecessor6: | William Waller Hening |
| Successor6: | Tucker Coles William D Meriwether |
| Term Start7: | 1828 |
| Term End7: | 1829 Alongside John P Drummond, William F. Gordon |
| Predecessor7: | Albert Allmand Charles Cocke |
| Successor7: | Thomas Walker Gilmer Rice W Wood |
| State Senate8: | Virginia |
| District8: | Elizabeth City, Warwick and York |
| Term Start8: | 1786 |
| Term End8: | 1791 |
| Predecessor8: | William Lee |
| Successor8: | Richard Cary Jr |
| Birth Name: | Hugh Nelson |
| Birth Date: | 30 September 1768 |
| Birth Place: | Yorktown, Virginia Colony, British America |
| Death Place: | Albemarle County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Restingplace: | Cismont, Virginia |
| Party: | Democratic-Republican |
| Parents: | Thomas Nelson Jr. (father) Lucy Grymes (mother) |
| Education: | College of William & Mary |
Hugh Nelson (September 30, 1768March 18, 1836) was an American politician and U.S. representative from Virginia. He was the son of Thomas Nelson Jr.
Born in Yorktown in the Colony of Virginia, Nelson graduated from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1780. He served in the Senate of Virginia 1786–1791, and in the Virginia House of Delegates 1805-1809 and 1828–1829. He was Speaker of the latter house 1807–1809. Nelson also served as judge of the general court.
Nelson was a presidential elector in 1808.[1]
Nelson was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Twelfth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, until his resignation on January 14, 1823, having received an appointment in the diplomatic service. He served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary (Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses). Nelson was appointed by President James Monroe as United States Minister to Spain on January 15, 1823, and served until November 23, 1824.
Nelson died at his home, "Belvoir," Albemarle County, Virginia, March 18, 1836. He was interred in Belvoir Cemetery, Cismont, Virginia.