| Huelva | |
| Type: | Province |
| Coordinates: | 37.55°N -61°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Spain |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous community |
| Subdivision Name1: | Andalusia |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Huelva |
| Governing Body: | Provincial Deputation of Huelva |
| Leader Title: | President |
| Leader Name: | Ignacio Caraballo (PSOE) |
| Area Total Km2: | 10,148 |
| Area Rank: | Ranked 25th |
| Population Total: | 483,792 |
| Population As Of: | 2013 |
| Population Rank: | Ranked 31st |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Parliament |
| Blank Info Sec2: | Cortes Generales |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Congress seats |
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Senate seats |
Huelva (pronounced as /es/) is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by Portugal, the provinces of Badajoz, Seville, and Cádiz, and the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital is Huelva.
Its area is 10,148 km². Its population is 483,792 (2005), of whom about 30% live in the capital, and its population density is 47.67/km². It contains 79 municipalities.
The economy is based on agriculture and mining. The famous Rio Tinto mines have been worked since before 1000 BC, and were the major source of copper for the Roman Empire. As an indication of the scope of ancient mining, sixteen million tons of Roman slag have been identified at the Roman mines. British companies resumed large-scale mining in 1873; the district is the namesake of the Rio Tinto Group.[1]
In the 21st century, municipalities such as Moguer, Palos de la Frontera, and Lepe, have witnessed the development of intensive water-demanding strawberry farming, which has elicited attention on the basis of alleged mispractices and abuses regarding the labor conditions of foreign workers and the ecocidal depletion of water resources in Doñana.
The province contains Palos de la Frontera, and Moguer, where Christopher Columbus sailed out of on his first voyage in 1492, and shares the Parque Nacional de Doñana, located mainly in Almonte.
See main article: Provincial Deputation of Huelva.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
ImageSize = width:400 height:auto barincrement:30PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20DateFormat = x.yPeriod = from:0 till:550TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalAlignBars = lateScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
PlotData= color:skyblue width:20 shift:(-50,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till bar:1877 from:0 till:209 text:209,194 bar:1887 from:0 till:240 text:240,067 bar:1900 from:0 till:258 text:258,143 bar:1910 from:0 till:296 text:295,898 bar:1920 from:0 till:332 text:331,527 bar:1930 from:0 till:355 text:355,441 bar:1940 from:0 till:375 text:375,180 bar:1950 from:0 till:370 text:369,722 bar:1960 from:0 till:405 text:404,517 bar:1970 from:0 till:403 text:403,405 bar:1980 from:0 till:419 text:418,584 bar:1990 from:0 till:443 text:443,476 bar:2000 from:0 till:463 text:462,579 bar:2010 from:0 till:520 text:519,895 bar:2020 from:0 till:524 text:524,278
TextData= pos:(35,20) fontsize:M text:"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE"
The delayed tourist development of the province has allowed better city planning than in other regions on the Spanish coast. The nuclei of Islantilla and Isla Canela are an example of this attempt to plan in a more coherent form. Although in a smaller scale in comparison to other regions, urban pressure continues. Previous developments that had little planning until recent time are El Rompido, El Portil, Mazagón and Matalascañas (Torre de la Higuera).
Although Punta Umbría had its beginnings like pedanía de Cartaya, after the democratization of summer tourism, it began its urban development for its proximity to the capital and its location on the beach. Present development would not endure without tourist activity and its vacation housing. Other tourist areas are Nuevo Umbría, Nuevo Portil, Punta del Moral, La Antilla and Urbasur. The marismas de Isla Cristina, next to the towns of Ayamonte and Isla Cristina, are a protected nature reserve. In the mountain town of Almonaster la Real, the Visigothic-mosque church built in the first decades of the 10th century and whose mihrab is one of the oldest in Spain is one important turistic point.[2]
Of note is Huelva's recent classification of “rural tourism” for its interior mountain range.
Huelva has 388 megawatts (MW) of wind power, 68 MW biomass power, and 66 MW of solar power.[3] A 220 kilovolt transmission line has been constructed to send power to the main grid as well as improving connections between Spain and Portugal.[4]