Hudson Yards, Manhattan Explained

Hudson Yards
Settlement Type:Neighborhood of Manhattan
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:New York City
Subdivision Type3:Borough
Subdivision Name3:Manhattan
Subdivision Type4:Community District
Subdivision Name4:Manhattan 4[1]
Population Total:70,150
Population As Of:2010
Population Density Sq Mi:auto
Population Note:Neighborhood tabulation area; includes Chelsea
Demographics Type1:Ethnicity
Demographics1 Title1:White
Demographics1 Info1:65.1%
Demographics1 Title2:Hispanic
Demographics1 Info2:14.6
Demographics1 Title3:Asian
Demographics1 Info3:11.8
Demographics1 Title4:Black
Demographics1 Info4:5.7
Demographics1 Title5:Others
Demographics1 Info5:2.8
Timezone1:Eastern
Utc Offset1:−05:00
Timezone1 Dst:EDT
Utc Offset1 Dst:−04:00
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:10001, 10018
Area Code Type:Area code
Area Code:212, 332, 646, and 917

Hudson Yards is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, bounded roughly by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north, the West Side Highway in the west, and Eighth Avenue in the east.[2] [3] The area is the site of a large-scale redevelopment program that is being planned, funded, and constructed under a set of agreements among the State of New York, City of New York, and Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), with the aim of expanding the Midtown Manhattan business district westward to the Hudson River. The program includes a major rezoning of the Far West Side, an extension of the New York City Subway's to a new subway station at 34th Street and 11th Avenue, a renovation and expansion of the Javits Center, and a financing plan to fund the various components. The various components are being planned by New York City Department of City Planning and New York City Economic Development Corporation.

The largest of the projects made possible by the rezoning is the multiuse Hudson Yards real estate development by Related Companies and Oxford Properties, which is being built over the West Side Rail Yard. Construction began in 2012 with the groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, and is projected to be completed by 2024. According to its master plan, created by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, the Hudson Yards development would include 16 skyscrapers to be constructed in two phases. Architects including Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Thomas Heatherwick, Roche-Dinkeloo, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro contributed designs for individual structures. Major office tenants include or will include fashion company Tapestry, gym chain Equinox Fitness, and financial company BlackRock.

The area includes other major development projects. One such project is Manhattan West, developed by Brookfield Property Partners over the rail yard west of Ninth Avenue between 31st and 33rd streets. Other structures being developed in the Hudson Yards Zoning District include 3 Hudson Boulevard and the Spiral. The special district also includes Pennsylvania Station, the subject of a major overhaul.

Hudson Yards is part of Manhattan Community District 4 and its primary ZIP Codes are 10001 and 10018.[1] It is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

Geography

"Hudson Yards" takes its name from the MTA rail yard along the Hudson River between 30th Street and 33rd Street, part of a Penn Central rail yard that once extended to 39th Street. The portion of the MTA yard between the river and Eleventh Avenue is called the Western Rail Yard, and the portion between Eleventh Avenue and Tenth Avenue is called the Eastern Rail Yard. The Hudson Yards area includes parts of the Garment Center, the Javits Convention Center, Madison Square Garden, the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the Farley Post Office, and the Lincoln Tunnel.[4] Most of the Hudson Yards redevelopment area is also known as Hell's Kitchen South.[5] [6] The special purpose district covering the area, the Special Hudson Yards District, includes a "Hell's Kitchen subdistrict", encompassing the core residential area existing prior to redevelopment of the surrounding area. The subdistrict extends between 30th Street to the south and 41st Street to the north.[3]

Context

Early plans

See main article: West Side Yard, Jacob K. Javits Convention Center and Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan.

There has been a long series of proposals to develop the rail yard air rights, including for a major expansion of Midtown Manhattan by William Zeckendorf in the 1950s[7] and for a housing development considered by U.S. Steel in the 1960s.[8] The idea of building housing on air rights over the rail yard, with commercial development between 34th Street and 42nd Street, was included in a plan announced by Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. in 1963 that would have included projects covering a swath of Manhattan from its southern tip up to 72nd Street.[9]

The administration of John Lindsay maintained the goal of the 1963 plan—a westward expansion of Midtown—but shifted their focus to the blocks north of 42nd Street, home to 35,000 residents of the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood.[10] As a first step, the City approved a convention center on 44th Street. But after the defeat of a bond issue that would have funded a 48th Street "people mover,"[11] the City abandoned it and the rest of the master plan.[12] At the same time the local Hell's Kitchen community proposed that midtown expansion take place south of 42nd Street instead.[13] A community-proposed convention center site - between Eleventh and Twelfth avenues from 34th to 39th streets - was later promoted by Donald Trump, who had obtained an option on the rail yard from the bankrupt Penn Central in 1975.[14] Facing political opposition and the severe fiscal crisis of the 1970s, the City and State eventually chose the rail yard site when the 44th Street site proved to be too expensive.[15] However Trump's offer to build the convention center was rejected.[16] In 1987 the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) converted the remainder of the rail yard into a storage facility for commuter trains; the new West Side Yard was designed with space left between the tracks for columns to support development in air rights above the tracks.[17]

Despite the completion of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in 1986, no further development took place. One impediment to development was a lack of mass transit in the area, which is far from Penn Station, and none of the proposals for a link to Penn Station were pursued successfully (for example, the ill-fated West Side Transitway).[18] No changes to the zoning happened until 1990, when the city rezoned a small segment of 11th Avenue across the street from the Javits Center.[19] [20] However, as most of the area was still zoned for manufacturing and low-rise apartment buildings, the rezoning did not spur development.[21]

Redevelopment begins

Formal planning

The Hell's Kitchen community's 1973 proposal for major office and residential development south of 42nd Street was finally realized when all impediments to development were addressed. In 2003, the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that envisioned the creation of of commercial and residential development, two corridors of open space – one between Eleventh Avenue and Tenth Avenue, and another network of open space between Ninth Avenue and Tenth Avenue to create a park system from West 39th Street to West 34th Street, portions of which would be located along the Dyer Avenue/Lincoln Tunnel Expressway corridors.[22] Dubbed the Hudson Yards Master Plan, the area covered is bordered on the east by Seventh and Eighth Avenues, on the south by West 28th and 30th Streets, on the north by West 43rd Street, and on the west by Hudson River Park and the Hudson River. The city's plan was similar to a neighborhood plan produced by architect Meta Brunzema and environmental planner Daniel Gutman for the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association (HKNA). The main concept of the HKNA plan was to allow major new development while protecting the existing residential core area between Ninth and Tenth avenues.[23] [24]

To help facilitate development, the city's plan called for extending the IRT Flushing Line to a 34th Street subway station under Eleventh Avenue at the rail yard, and next to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, which would be expanded by the State. To fund the subway and a park and boulevard and other infrastructure, the City proposed a novel tax-increment financing scheme within a Hudson Yards financing district to collect both residential property taxes and commercial payments-in-lieu-of-taxes (PILOTS) and sell transferable development rights to prospective developers.[25] A Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation would issue bonds against expected revenues.

In January 2005, the New York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard.[26] The newly rezoned Hudson Yards area was to have of Class A office space, 20,000 housing units, of hotel space, a 750-seat public school, of retail and more than of public open space.[27] [28] [29]

The rezoning and financing district did not include the western portion of the rail yard; this was reserved for the proposed West Side Stadium, which would have been built as part of the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. At the conclusion of the Olympics, the stadium would have been used by the New York Jets.[30] When not in use for football, the covered stadium would be a venue for conventions at the Javits Center, and so proposers dubbed the structure the "New York Sports and Convention Center." This effort, led by Deputy Mayor Daniel Doctoroff, was unpopular with both the public and politicians.[31] Consequently, the City Council insisted that financing for the city's broader rezoning plans not be used to subsidize the rail yard stadium.[32] [33] In June 2005, the stadium proposal was defeated, and after the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2012 Olympics to London, the stadium proposal was permanently scrapped. The city government subsequently rezoned the western rail yard for residential and commercial development and added it to the financing district. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) then sought to develop the yard, and in conjunction with the city government, the MTA issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a mixed-use development to be built on platforms over the rail yard, which would remain in use throughout.

Rail yard development bids

Five developers responded to the RFP: Extell, Tishman Speyer,[34] Brookfield, Vornado, and the Related Companies.[35] Tishman Speyer won the bid in March 2008.[36] Tishman Speyer entered into a 99-year lease with the MTA, paying $1 billion for the air rights.[37] It would also spend another $2 billion for development over the rail yards, including for the two platforms over the yards to support of public spaces, four office buildings, and ten high-rise residential towers.

However, just two months later, the deal broke down due to the late-2000s financial crisis.[38] Subsequently, the MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions.[39] In December 2009, the New York City Council approved Related Companies' revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned. Following the rail yards' successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010. The air rights were signed over to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group, which invested $400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings.[40] [41] Groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, the first building, occurred on December 4, 2012.[42]

In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht's Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach. The financing deal was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides,[43] and that the MTA reused a "severable lease" structure (previously used by Battery Park City) that allowed for the loans. A portion of the project was also financed by the EB-5 investment program, which provides a path for immigrants to become green card holders after investing capital in project which employs American workers.[44]

Transportation

Bus

The serve 34th Street, and the serve 42nd Street. The was introduced to improve transit on the far west side, including Hudson Yards, in 2014.

Subway extension

See main article: 7 Subway Extension and 34th Street–Hudson Yards (IRT Flushing Line). After the Hudson Yards project was approved in 2005, the MTA received proceeds from the initial 2006 bond offering to pay for the 7 Subway Extension to 34th Street–Hudson Yards station.[45] With funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension.[46] The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007.[47] [48] After a series of delays related to the construction of the 34th Street station, the subway extension opened on September 13, 2015.[49] [50] The station connects to nearby buildings and developments, including 30 Hudson Yards[51] and Hudson Park and Boulevard.[52] The 34th Street station's main entrance, escalators and an elevator on the west side of Hudson Park and Boulevard between 33rd and 34th Streets, is at the foot of 55 Hudson Yards and is just half a block away from the rail yard's northern edge.[53] Another station, planned for Tenth Avenue and 41st Street, was not built.[54]

Parks

The platform atop which the Related development was built includes a public square.[55] In the middle of the square is Vessel, a 16-story structure of freestanding, connected staircases designed by Thomas Heatherwick.[56] [57]

Hudson Park and Boulevard, a four-acre system of parks and roads,[58] is located north of the rail yard site, extending from 33rd Street to 39th Street, mid-block between Tenth Avenue and Eleventh Avenue. The boulevard is divided into a Hudson Boulevard East and a Hudson Boulevard West, with the park between the two.[59] The first phase, between 33rd and 36th Streets, was completed in August 2015.[60] Proposed parks between Ninth and Tenth avenues in the original plan were later dropped.

The High Line, an elevated park using the former right-of-way of the southern portion of the West Side railroad line, runs along Hudson Yards' southern and western edges before continuing south to Gansevoort Street in the Meatpacking District; its northern terminus is at 11th Avenue and 34th Street on the north side of Hudson Yards. In 2012, the city government acquired the northernmost section of the High Line from CSX Transportation.[61] In late 2014, the final phase of the High Line opened. It enters the Hudson Yards site and curves along 30th Street, Twelfth Avenue and 34th Street, with a spur along 30th Street to Tenth Avenue. The High Line is integrated with the Related Development's buildings; for example, 10 Hudson Yards cantilevers over the Spur.[62] Dubbed "High Line at the Rail Yards", the section was built in three phases. The right-of-way from 30th Street was extended into the Hudson Yards site, running parallel to 30th Street past Eleventh Avenue, and developed in a manner similar to the previous sections of the park. The Spur along 30th Street received an amphitheater, restrooms, trees and grasses above Tenth Avenue.[63] Finally, the curved section around the western part of Hudson Yards was originally developed as an "interim walkway", with further construction occurring in 2015.[64] There are entrances to the High Line from within the rail-yard development.[65]

Hudson Yards development

See main article: Hudson Yards (development). The Hudson Yards development is being built by Related Companies on top of a large platform bordered by 10th and 12th Avenues and by 30th and 33rd Streets.[66] [67] Construction on the platform began in 2014.[68] The platform was to be constructed over the existing at-grade West Side Yard, allowing LIRR trains to continue to be stored during midday hours. The land parcel is bordered by 30th Street and Chelsea on the south, Twelfth Avenue on the west, 33rd Street and Hell's Kitchen on the north, and Tenth Avenue on the east. Eleventh Avenue runs through the site, and splits the redevelopment project into two phases.[69] Before Phase 2 was built, an underground concrete casing was built for Amtrak's future Gateway Project under the Hudson River. Construction started in December 2014 and was nearing completion, though funding disputes stalled the tunnel box's completion.[70]

Phase 1, the eastern phase, contains two office towers on Tenth Avenue, plus a retail podium between them. The southern tower is the 52-story, 10 Hudson Yards, which opened in 2016.[71] The other tower on Tenth Avenue is the 80-story, 30 Hudson Yards, which is the city's third-tallest building;[72] it is expected to be completed in early 2019.[73] Bordering Eleventh Avenue are two mixed-use buildings, 15 Hudson Yards and 35 Hudson Yards. 15 Hudson Yards, the more southerly of the two towers, is connected to a semi-permanent structure, a performance and arts space known as The Shed.[74] The mixed-use 15 Hudson Yards was topped out in February 2018.[75] 35 Hudson Yards, a mixed-use skyscraper located to the north of 15 Hudson Yards, was topped out in June 2018.[76] Phase 1 also includes a 7-story mall called Shops & Restaurants of Hudson Yards.[77] Phase 1 opened on March 15, 2019.[78] [79]

The western portion of the yard is bordered by 30th Street and 33rd Street in the north and south, and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues in the east and west. Plans for the western phase of the project originally called for up to seven residential towers, an office building at 33rd Street and Eleventh Avenue tentatively known as "West Tower", and a school serving Pre-K to eighth grade students.[80] Reporting in September 2022 by The New York Times and Bloomberg indicate that Related may build a casino and resort in partnership with Wynn Resorts instead of the originally proposed mixed-use complex. The third phase of the High Line will traverse Phase 2 of the project. Work on the platform to cover the second half of the tracks was originally scheduled to begin in 2018,[81] and reporting in 2014 indicated the entire project, including Phase 2, could be completed by 2024,[82] though work has not begun on the western yard as of late 2022.[83]

The development received mostly negative press when it opened to the public for its failure to integrate into the broader city and its architecture.[84] [85] The complex also suffered due to decreased traffic from commuters and visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2020, the Financial Times noted the development had become a "ghost town".[86]

Other development projects

50 and 55 Hudson Yards

See main article: 50 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards. 50 and 55 Hudson Yards are located just north of the West Side Yard on the block bounded by 33rd Street to the south, 10th Avenue to the east, 34th Street to the north, and 11th Avenue to the west. 50 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards are respectively located on the east and west side of the block.[87] Work on the foundation of the 50 Hudson Yards began in May 2018.[88] The 55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22, 2015,[89] and topped out in August 2017.[90]

Manhattan West

See main article: Manhattan West. Brookfield, a Canadian asset manager, developed the second-largest project in Hudson Yards. Dubbed "Manhattan West" the complex includes six buildings, two of which are pre-existing structures undergoing substantial renovations.[91] These buildings include three office buildings, two residential buildings, and one hotel.[92] The two principal office buildings and a public green space, open year-round, were built on a platform over covered tracks that lead from the West Side Yard to Penn Station. To facilitate construction Brookfield announced in 2014 that it would use prefabricated parts to build the platform.[93] Despite its considerable scale, Manhattan West has been referred to as "somewhat eclipsed"[94] and "overshadowed"[95] by the larger Hudson Yards.

The project was mostly completed by 2021, and Brookfield held its grand opening on September 28, 2021.[96] The second of the two office buildings, Two Manhattan West, topped out in 2022.[97] Two Manhattan West is scheduled for completion in 2023.[98]

The Spiral

See main article: The Spiral (New York City). In early 2014, real estate firm Massey Knakal announced a conceptual supertall with a capacity and 108 stories that would soar over 1,800 feet on the north side of 34th Street between Hudson Boulevard and Tenth Avenue in order to show the potential of a site that it intended to sell.[99] Dubbed Hudson Spire and designed by MJM+A architects, it would be the tallest tower in the Western Hemisphere if completed. The site was later purchased by Tishman Speyer on April 30, 2014, along with two adjacent properties for a total space of .[100]

The plans for The Spire were later replaced with plans designed by Bjarke Ingels Group, dubbed The Spiral. The building started construction in June 2018, and topped-out in January 2021.[101] [102] As of June 2022, work on the façade was nearing completion.[103] Tishman has secured pharmaceutical company Pfizer as an anchor tenant.[104]

3 Hudson Boulevard

See main article: 3 Hudson Boulevard. Among the neighboring projects are 3 Hudson Boulevard (formerly the GiraSole), located on 34th Street and Eleventh Avenue.[105] 3 Hudson Boulevard is under construction, although it lacks an anchor tenant.[106]

Construction was supposed to begin in mid-2014 or 2015,[107] with the building's completion planned for 2017.[108] [107] [109] [110] Completion was rescheduled for 2022.[111] The building, directly across Eleventh Avenue from the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, would abut the secondary entrance to the new 34th Street – Hudson Yards subway station, built as part of the New York City Subway's 7 Subway Extension project.[108] [112] Consequently, the foundation is being built by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, because the subway station is directly underneath; the rest of the building is being built by Moinian Group.[113] The foundation works started May 2016.[114] A groundbreaking ceremony was held November 3, 2017.[115]

On June 26, 2014, Joseph Moinian secured a loan for the construction of the building.[116] The firm began "speculative" construction of the project in 2022.[117]

Associated developments

Even before the opening of any of the rail yard buildings, many businesses in the area have seen increased profits due to the project's construction. The Hudson Yards redevelopment program catalyzed plans to build new buildings along the future Hudson Boulevard. There has also been a development boom in the vicinity of the rail yard development.[118]

In February 2015, the Chetrit Group, headed by Meyer and Joseph Chetrit, announced that it wanted to spend to expand one Hudson Yards development site to . It would add about of space to a site between 11th Avenue, 37th and 38th Streets, and Hudson Boulevard that previously allowed of retail space. A buyer would be able to split the space between two buildings.[119]

In June 2015, Tishman Speyer bought another lot between West 36th and 37th Streets on 11th Avenue; the lot was zoned for a residential and hotel property.[120] It is next to a lot—zoned for a planned residential tower—that was bought in 2012 by Lalezarian Properties for $46.5 million,[121] Tishman Speyer's land is also close to a lot owned by former New York Governor Eliot Spitzer, who bought the lot in 2013 and plans at least of new development space.[122]

Two other new Related buildings, One Hudson Yards and Abington House, are adjacent the Phase 1 buildings, but are unrelated to the Hudson Yards project.[123] Another Related development also on the West Side, originally dubbed "Hudson Residences" is under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards.[124] The project ultimately took the shape of two unrelated buildings: Lantern House, designed by Thomas Heatherwick, and The Cortland, designed by RAMSA.[125] Related is also developing several buildings with Spitzer Enterprises at sites including 451 10th Avenue, 511 West 35th Street, 506 West 36th Street, and 512 West 36th Street.[126] [127]

New York state issued a request for proposals for a site across the streets from the Javits Center at 418 11th Avenue in 2021.[128] The New York Convention Center Development Corporation, a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation, owns the lot, known as "Site K".[129] A proposal for the site by developer Don Peebles, designed by David Adjaye, received attention in 2021 for its design and scope.[128] The request for proposals was withdrawn in late 2021.[130]

Interpretations and reception

Urban planning and architecture

The Related development Hudson Yards, within the broader Hudson Yards area, has received negative attention for its inability to blend into the city and its architectural character.[131] [132] [133] The Related development has been cited in opposition to other, similar projects.[134]

Justin Davidson, in an article about the Manhattan West's opening for New York, compared the Brookfield development favorably to Related's Hudson Yards, writing that Manhattan West "[...] feels like a corner of New York conceived with actual human beings in mind" while Hudson Yards has "[...] has aged from a shiny new space station to a disconsolate one".[135]

Restaurants and amenities

In a review of the restaurant offerings at Related's Hudson Yards development written in anticipation of the complex opening to the public, Ryan Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for including only two establishments run by women.[136] Further, Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for failing to provide opportunities for small, local operators to open in Hudson Yards, instead leasing to established restaurateurs and organizations which had already experienced "great success".[136] Sutton also criticized the lack of "vibrancy" at the Hudson Yards development, caused by a lack of street-level restaurants.[136] Sutton noted the presence of several chain establishments, such as Sweetgreen and Think Coffee, at street-level in and near the complex, but wrote that "Fast casual isn't known for fostering communal dinnertime bonhomie".[136] In his review, Sutton did express positive anticipation of Mercado Little Spain, a restaurant and food court which had not yet opened in 10 Hudson Yards at the time the piece was published by Eater.[136]

When Mercado Little Spain ultimately opened in 2019, Eater published a mixed review of its offerings written by Robert Sietsema.[137] In a separate review by Sutton of the opened complex, published in 2019, the critic referred to Hudson Yards as "the worst place to eat fancy food in New York".[138] In the 2019 review, which served as an introduction to Eaters individual reviews of restaurants in Hudson Yards, Sutton panned TAK Room, a restaurant by Thomas Keller, but offered praise for Korean restaurant Kawi and Milos Wine Bar.[138] In his full review of TAK Room, Sutton criticized its prices and the discrepancy between the cost of eating at the restaurant and his perception of the quality of the food and service.[139] Pete Wells, in his review of the restaurant, echoed Sutton's criticisms.[140] TAK Room closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[141]

The Equinox Hotel in Related's development received a positive review from Vanity Fair.[142] Samantha Lewis praised the hotel for its emphasis on providing guests with "blissful slumber".[142] The hotel's restaurant, Electric Lemon, has received an "underwhelming" review from Pete Wells.[143]

In Manhattan West, restaurants including Ci Siamo and Zou Zou's, were given positive reviews by Adam Platt and Ryan Sutton, respectively.[144] [145] Italian Restaurant Legacy Records, located in a new apartment building on West 38th Street, was reviewed favorably by Pete Wells.[146]

Demographics

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Hudson Yards as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square.[147] Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square was 70,150, a change of 14,311 (20.4%) from the 55,839 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of .[148] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.1% (45,661) White, 5.7% (4,017) African American, 0.1% (93) Native American, 11.8% (8,267) Asian, 0% (21) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (261) from other races, and 2.3% (1,587) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% (10,243) of the population.[149]

Police and crime

Hudson Yards is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 230 West 20th Street.[150] The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[151]

The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 19 rapes, 81 robberies, 103 felony assaults, 78 burglaries, 744 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[152]

Fire safety

The Hudson Yards neighborhood is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 34/Ladder Co. 21 at 440 West 38th Street.[153] However, there are no firehouses in or near the Hudson Yards real-estate development.[154] [155]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Hudson Yards is located within two primary ZIP Codes. The area south of 34th Street is in 10001 and the area north of 34th Street is in 10018.[156] The United States Postal Service operates the RCU Annex Station post office at 340 West 42nd Street.[157] In addition, the James A. Farley Station, the main post office for New York City, is located at 421 8th Avenue.[158]

List of buildings

Below is a list of buildings constructed, planned, or proposed for the broader Hudson Yards neighborhood (from Northwest to Southeast) from 2000 to present:

Street AddressBuilding NameBuilding UseConstruction StartedCompleted Datedata-sort-type="number" architectural HeightHeight (Stories)StatusDeveloper / Architect
650 West 42nd StreetRiver PlaceResidential199940CompletedSilverstein Properties
635 West 42nd StreetResidential200746CompletedMoinian Group
620 West 42nd StreetSilver TowersResidential2009, June653 ft. (199 m)60CompletedSilverstein Properties
605 West 42nd StreetSkyResidential2008/20132016656 ft. (200 m)61CompletedMoinian Group
520 West 41st StreetResidential201520201,100 ft. (335 m)106PostponedSilverstein Properties
350 West 42nd StreetThe Orion (skyscraper)Residential20042006604 ft (184 m)58CompletedCetraRuddy / Extell Development Company
450 West 42nd StreetMiMA (including Yotel)Residential
including Hotel		20072011669 ft. (204 m)63CompletedRelated / Arquitectonica
555 Tenth Avenue555TenResidential2016610 ft.53CompletedExtell Development Company /
SLCE Architects
550 Tenth AvenueResidential47In DevelopmentGotham Organization
528 West 39th St /
476 Eleventh Avenue		Mixed-UseIn DevelopmentRockrose
515 West 38th StreetHenry HallResidential20142017361 ft. (110 m)30CompletedImperial Companies /
BKSK Architects
470 Eleventh AvenueHudson Rise HotelHotel47In Development/
Litigation[159] 		Kuafu Properties and Siras Development
550 West 37th StreetOfficesIn DevelopmentTishman Speyer
541 West 37th StreetIn DevelopmentChetrit Group
505 West 37th StreetResidential200944CompletedTF Cornerstone
455 West 37th StreetResidential200832CompletedTF Cornerstone
400 West 37th StreetHudson Crossing ApartmentsResidential 200213CompletedEquity Residential
515 West 36th StreetHudson 36Residential201945CompletedLalezarian Properties /
Ismael Levya Architects
460 Tenth AvenueResidential40In Development
451 Tenth Avenue70 Hudson Yards / The SetMixed-Use2017Exp 2022 [160] 45Topped OutRelated /
Handel Architects
444 Tenth AvenueFour Points by SheratonHotel201717CompletedMaddd Equities /
Aufgang Architects
445 West 35th StreetResidential2013201812CompletedMaddd Equities /
Aufgang Architects
411 West 35th StreetThe LewisResidential2013201812CompletedMaddd Equities /
Aufgang Architects
555 West 34th Street3 Hudson BoulevardOffices2016Exp. 2023 [161] 1,034 ft. (315 m)66Under ConstructionMoinian Group /
FXFOWLE Architects
550 West 34th Street55 Hudson YardsOffices2015, January2019, April780 ft. (240 m)51CompletedRelated /
Kohn Pedersen Fox and Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates
435 Tenth AvenueThe SpiralOfficesExp 2023 [162] 1,005 ft.65Under ConstructionTishman Speyer /
Bjarke Ingels Group
461 West 34th StreetHudson Yards' Marriott Courtyard HotelHotel2019, December312 ft. (95 m)29CompletedDavid Marx
424 Tenth Avenue50 Hudson YardsOffices2017Exp 2022 [163] 985 ft. (300 m)58Under ConstructionRelated /
Foster + Partners
35 Hudson Yards
Equinox Tower		Mixed-Use2019, March1,000 ft. (300 m)72CompletedRelated /
Kohn Pedersen Fox and David Childs
30 Hudson YardsOffices2014, October2019, March1,296 ft. (395 m)92CompletedRelated /
Kohn Pedersen Fox
The Shops at Hudson YardsRetail2019, March7CompletedRelated /
Kohn Pedersen Fox /
Elkus Manfredi Architects
10 Hudson YardsOffices2012, December2016, May878 ft. (268 m)52CompletedRelated /
Kohn Pedersen Fox
15 Hudson YardsResidential2014, December2019, March917 ft. (280 m)88CompletedRelated /
Diller Scofidio + Renfro, David Rockwell, and mael Levya Architects
The ShedArts Center20152019, April16CompletedThe Shed /
Diller Scofidio + Renfro and David Rockwell
Western Rail YardsHudson Yards Phase 2Residential Towers, Office Building, School, & RetailIn DevelopmentRelated
410 Tenth AveOffices19272021 (Renovation)20CompletedSL Green sold to 601W
NE Manhattan West Complex1 Manhattan WestOffices2019, October67CompletedBrookfield /
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
SE Manhattan West ComplexTwo Manhattan WestOfficesExp 2022 [164] 994 ft. (303 m)60Under ConstructionBrookfield /
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
435 West 31st StreetThe EugeneResidential2014, December2017, July64CompletedBrookfield /
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Four Manhattan WestThe PendryHotel2021, September.21CompletedBrookfield
450 West 33rd StreetFive Manhattan WestOffices2014 (renovation)1969,
renovated 2016		262 ft. (79.9 m)16CompletedBrookfield /
Davis Brody Associates
Renovation: REX
360 Tenth AvenueOfficesIn DevelopmentFrank McCourt /
SHoP Architects
312 Eleventh AvenueOhmResidential201034CompletedDouglaston Development /
Stephen B. Jacobs Group
530 West 30th StreetOne Hudson YardsResidential20152017367 ft.33CompletedRelated /
Davis Brody Bond
500 West 30th StreetAbington HouseResidential20122014, April325 ft. (99 m)33CompletedRelated /
Robert A.M. Stern
529 West 29th StreetResidential (Affordable Artist Housing)201315CompletedRelated /
Ismael Leyva Architects

See also

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

Project websites:

Descriptions:

Maps:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles . communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov . New York City Department of City Planning . March 18, 2019 . March 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190323024312/https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/4 . live .
  2. Book: No. 7 Subway Extension—Hudson Yards Rezoning and Development Program Final Generic Environmental Impact Statement . Hudson Yards Adopted Zoning Map . . July 24, 2018 . 4 . February 11, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170211071004/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans/hudson-yards/040499azmm_maps.pdf . live .
  3. Book: No. 7 Subway Extension—Hudson Yards Rezoning and Development Program Final Generic Environmental Impact Statement . Chapter 9: Architectural Historic Resources . . July 24, 2018 . 4 . March 1, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170301023901/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans/hudson-yards/hy_chap9_t_fgeis_final.pdf . live .
    Chapter 11: Figures
  4. Web site: West Side Railyards / Hudson Yards Rezoning . October 2, 2018 . October 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181003013821/http://www.nyc.gov/html/mancb4/html/land/hudson_rezoning.shtml . live .
  5. Andrew Jacobs, "Stadium, Shops, Condos and Calamari: Development Fantasies for Hell's Kitchen South," New York Times, December 17, 2000.
  6. Web site: Hell's Kitchen South Coalition . May 24, 2020 . June 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200610044414/https://www.hkscnyc.org/ . live .
  7. Paul Crowell, "'Palace' Plan Out; Bigger One Urged," New York Times, January 6, 1956.
  8. Robert E. Bedingfield, "U.S. Steel Weighs Midtown Project," New York Times, August 4, 1964.
  9. Horne, George. "670-Million, 40-Year Waterfront Plan To Alter West Side Is Urged by Mayor; Convention Center, Docks and Housing Would Be Built,", The New York Times, April 26, 1963. Accessed April 18, 2022.
  10. Web site: Stern . Michael . 6th and Last Part of Master Plan on City Released; Volume on Manhattan Urges Building of Offices Along 48th St. Transit Line Westward Pattern Set Condemnation of Big Tracts Intended to Insure Public Use of Some of Area . The New York Times . December 8, 1970 . September 20, 2015 . November 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107114349/http://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/08/archives/6th-and-last-part-of-master-plan-on-city-released-volume-on.html . live .
  11. Richard Witkin, "State Will Cancel Some Road Projects," New York Times, November 4, 1971.
  12. News: Tomasson . Robert E. . Developers Turning to West Midtown . The New York Times . February 18, 1973 . September 20, 2015 . October 2, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171002072601/http://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/18/archives/developers-turning-to-west-midtown-developers-turn-to-west-side.html . live .
  13. Web site: Darnton . John . Convention Center Model Unveiled Here With Pride; A Dissenting View . The New York Times . February 14, 1973 . September 20, 2015 . November 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107113931/http://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/14/archives/convention-center-model-unveiled-here-with-pride-a-4level-building.html . live .
  14. Web site: Developer Proposes a Convention Center in Midtown . The New York Times . December 18, 1975 . September 20, 2015 . November 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107120613/http://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/18/archives/developer-proposes-a-convention-center-in-midtown.html . live .
  15. Web site: Kaiser . Charles . Convention Site At West 34th St. Chosen by Koch; He and Carey Outline Plans for Center . The New York Times . April 29, 1978 . September 20, 2015 . October 2, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171002022829/http://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/29/archives/new-jersey-pages-convention-site-at-west-34th-st-chosen-by-koch-he.html . live .
  16. Marilyn Bender, "The Empire and Ego of Donald Trump," New York Times, August 7, 1983.
  17. News: The Air Above Rail Yards Still Free . Mary . Voboril . Newsday . New York . March 26, 2005 . August 26, 2018 . August 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180826113433/https://www.ble-t.org/pr/news/pf_headline.asp?id=13167 . live .
  18. Gregory P. Benz, et al., "West Side Manhattan Transitway Study," Transportation Research Board, Special Report No. 221, May 8–11, 1988.
  19. Oser, Alan. "Perspectives: The West 30's; Land Uses Near the Convention Center." The New York Times. New York. February 4, 1990. Section 10, page 9, column 2.
  20. Buder, Leonard. "Area Near Javits Center Is Rezoned." The New York Times. New York. February 24, 1990. Section 1, page 29, column 2.
  21. Lyons, Richard. "Postings: For Pioneers?; Housing Near Javits Center." The New York Times. New York. July 2, 1989. Section 10, page 1, column 4.
  22. Hudson Yards Master Plan: Preferred Direction . February 2003 . New York City Department of City Planning . August 10, 2009 . February 28, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170228022559/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans/hudson-yards/prefdir.pdf . live .
  23. Web site: HKNA plan summary . August 23, 2017 . February 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208154051/http://www.nyc.gov/html/mancb4/downloads/pdf/hkna_plan_executive_summary_(3).pdf . live .
  24. https://web.archive.org/web/20160422042404/http://www.home.earthlink.net/~hkna2/ Full HKNA Plan
  25. City of New York, Hudson Yards financing proposal, July 12, 2004.
  26. News: What Rises in the West? Uncertainty . Joyce . Purnick . The New York Times . January 2, 2005 . March 6, 2010 . March 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307053259/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/nyregion/what-rises-in-the-west-uncertainty.html . live .
  27. News: City Set to Create West Side Development Unit . February 9, 2004 . The New York Times . July 17, 2018 . July 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717183550/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/09/nyregion/city-set-to-create-west-side-development-unit.html . live .
  28. News: City Unveils Gigantic Plan To Transform Far West Side . Bagli . Charles V. . June 22, 2004 . The New York Times . July 17, 2018 . July 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717184226/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/22/nyregion/city-unveils-gigantic-plan-to-transform-far-west-side.html . live .
  29. News: Rezoning Will Allow Railyard Project to Advance . Charles V. . Bagli . The New York Times . December 21, 2009 . December 22, 2009 . October 20, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111020152756/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/22/nyregion/22hudson.html . live .
  30. News: Jets and Rivals Increase Bids for Railyards . V. Bagli . Charles . March 22, 2005 . The New York Times . June 29, 2018 . June 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180629190231/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/22/nyregion/jets-and-rivals-increase-bids-for-railyards.html . live .
  31. News: Dreaming of Stadiums and Souvenirs . Bagli . Charles V. . August 28, 2008 . The New York Times . July 17, 2018 . July 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717185227/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/28/nyregion/dreaming-of-stadiums-and-souvenirs.html . live .
  32. News: Mayor and Council Reach Deal on West Side Development . Bagli . Charles V. . The New York Times . January 11, 2005 . July 17, 2018 . July 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717185713/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/11/nyregion/mayor-and-council-reach-deal-on-west-side-development.html . live .
  33. News: Proposals for Hudson Yards Reach High, Green . Hope . Bradley . November 19, 2007 . The New York Sun . June 29, 2018 . June 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211210/https://www.nysun.com/real-estate/proposals-for-hudson-yards-reach-high-green/66692/ . live .
  34. Web site: Brenzel . Kathryn . Biggest Real Estate Projects NYC | 66 Hudson Boulevard . Therealdeal.com . October 10, 2016 . August 23, 2017 . June 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170629104335/https://therealdeal.com/2016/10/10/top-10-biggest-real-estate-projects-coming-to-nyc-24/ . live .
  35. News: Lisberg, Adam . Plans For The Old West, Five major developers lay out visions for Hudson Yards . Daily News . New York . November 19, 2007.
  36. News: Kates, Brian . $1B Bid That Won West. Developer Nets Hudson Yards' Building Rights . Daily News . New York . March 27, 2008.
  37. News: Editorial Desk . Finally, a Vision for the West Side . New York Times . New York . March 28, 2008 . February 19, 2017 . August 24, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170824053648/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/28/opinion/28fri4.html . live .
  38. News: Bagli, Charles . Deal to Build At Railyards On West Side Collapses . New York Times . New York . May 9, 2008 . February 19, 2017 . July 22, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160722043235/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/nyregion/09yards.html . live .
  39. News: Kates, Brian . MTA Seals 1B Deal, Gets Yards On Track . Daily News . New York . May 23, 2008.
  40. Web site: HOW NEW YORK CITY WON THE OLYMPICS . . Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service . November 2011 . September 11, 2015 . Mitchell L. Moss . September 26, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150926234053/http://wagner.nyu.edu/files/faculty/publications/Olympics_in_NYC_2012_REPORT_110711.pdf . live .
  41. News: MTA Finalizes Hudson Yards Deal . Metropolitan Transportation Authority . May 26, 2010 . October 4, 2013 . October 5, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005003302/http://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/mta-finalizes-hudson-yards-deal . live .
  42. Sheftell, Jason. "New York City officials, developers to break ground on $15 billion mini-city Hudson Yards" New York Daily News (December 4, 2012)
  43. News: Anatomy of a deal: Inside Related/Oxford's unusual financing of Hudson Yards . Hiten . Samtani . The Real Deal . August 13, 2013 . March 19, 2014 . October 12, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151012111033/http://therealdeal.com/blog/2013/08/16/anatomy-of-a-deal-inside-relatedoxfords-unusual-hudson-yards-financing/ . live .
  44. News: Future of Immigrant Visa Program Has High-End Builders At Odds . Wall Street Journal . November 11, 2015 . 0099-9660 . Eliot . Brown . November 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151110183123/http://www.wsj.com/articles/future-of-immigrant-visa-program-has-high-end-builders-at-odds-1447151400 . live .
  45. Web site: Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation . Nyc.gov . August 23, 2017 . August 31, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831215912/http://www.nyc.gov/html/hyic/html/home/home.shtml . live .
  46. http://web.mta.info/capital/7line_docs/CCM%20Meeting%204-10-06.pdf MTA Contract Presentation
  47. Web site: Top New York Projects . June 2008 . 27 . New York Construction . February 28, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110708191505/http://newyork.construction.com/projects/TopProjects06-08/1-5.pdf . July 8, 2011 . dead.
  48. . December 3, 2007 . Mayor Bloomberg and Governor Spitzer Announce Start of Construction on #7 Subway Extension . February 28, 2010 . June 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100605160022/http://nyc.gov/html/om/html/2007b/pr437-07.html . live .
  49. News: Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side . Fitzsimmons . Emma G. . September 10, 2015 . September 13, 2015 . The New York Times . September 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150914231924/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/nyregion/no-7-subway-station-far-west-side-manhattan.html . live .
  50. Web site: New Subway Station Opens on NYC's Far West Side . Tangel . Andrew . September 13, 2015 . WSJ . September 13, 2015 . December 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211216171800/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-subway-station-opens-on-nycs-far-west-side-1442171470 . live .
  51. Web site: 30 Hudson Yards Connects to New No 7 Subway Station | Hudson Yards . January 22, 2014 . Hudsonyardsnewyork.com . April 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215147/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/office/30-hudson-yards . March 3, 2016 . dead.
  52. mta.info—Benefits of the 7 Line Extension
  53. Web site: Capital Program 7 Line Extension . December 20, 2013 . MTA.info . January 30, 2014 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003930/http://web.mta.info/capital/no7_alt.html . live .
  54. News: Mayor Applies For Funds To Redesign 7 Train Extension . June 30, 2010 . . June 30, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110714220335/http://manhattan.ny1.com/content/top_stories/121366/mayor-applies-for-funds-to-redesign-7-train-extension . July 14, 2011 . dead.
  55. News: A Garden Will Grow With Fans, Concrete, Coolant and 28,000 Plants . Dunlap . David W. . July 22, 2015 . July 22, 2015 . New York Times . March 29, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190329211838/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/23/nyregion/a-garden-will-grow-with-fans-concrete-coolant-and-28000-plants.html?_r=0 . live .
  56. News: New Parks Sprout Around New York . Hughes . C.J. . June 8, 2018 . The New York Times . July 18, 2018 . August 9, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180809183226/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/realestate/new-parks-sprout-around-new-york.html . live .
  57. Web site: Stairway to Hudson: Related unveils $150M sculpture . Bockmann . Rich . September 14, 2016 . The Real Deal New York . September 14, 2016 . May 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190503234709/https://therealdeal.com/2016/09/14/stairway-to-hudson-related-unveils-150m-sculpture/ . live .
  58. Web site: Hudson Park & Boulevard Will Be a Sweeping New Promenade Connecting to Hudson Yards . January 22, 2014 . Hudsonyardsnewyork.com . April 1, 2014 . May 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160525143922/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/arts-parks/neighboring-parks/hudson-park-boulevard . dead .
  59. Web site: Hudson Park and Boulevard . Hudson Yards New York . May 9, 2014 . May 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160525143922/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/arts-parks/neighboring-parks/hudson-park-boulevard . dead .
  60. Web site: New Park Begins Transformation of Industrial Hudson Yards District . Hogan . Gwynne . August 13, 2015 . DNAinfo New York . https://web.archive.org/web/20150816191648/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150813/hells-kitchen-clinton/new-park-begins-transformation-of-industrial-hudson-yards-district . August 16, 2015 . dead . August 20, 2015.
  61. News: City Acquires Last Segment of High Line From Railroad . Foderaro . Lisa . July 24, 2012 . The New York Times . July 18, 2018 . July 18, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205502/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/25/nyregion/city-acquires-final-segment-of-high-line-from-csx.html . live .
  62. Web site: 10 Hudson Yards fact sheet . August 23, 2017 . October 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006121757/http://onlinedocs.related.com/HYDocuments/hudson-yards-nyc-10-hudson-yards-building-fact-sheet.pdf . live .
  63. Web site: New Design Concept for the High Line at the Rail Yards . November 11, 2013 . Friends of the High Line . April 1, 2014 . March 25, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140325184202/http://www.thehighline.org//blog/2013/11/11/new-design-concept-for-the-high-line-at-the-rail-yards . dead .
  64. Web site: Groundbreaking at the High Line at the Rail Yards . September 20, 2012 . Friends of the High Line . April 1, 2014 . June 20, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231912/http://www.thehighline.org/blog/2012/09/20/groundbreaking-at-the-rail-yards . dead .
  65. Web site: Thomas Heatherwick's 'Vessel' tops out in Hudson Yards . Warerkar . Tanay . December 6, 2017 . Curbed . July 18, 2018 . April 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190403215801/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/12/6/16742336/hudson-yards-vessel-construction-top-out . live .
  66. Web site: Mayor Bloomberg, MTA Officials, and local leaders take first ride on 7 Subway Train Extension . MTA.info . December 20, 2013 . May 9, 2014 . Hudson Yards is defined as the area bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues (East), West 28th/30th Streets (South), West 43rd Street (North) and Hudson River Park (West). . June 17, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140617074945/http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mayor-bloomberg-mta-officials-and-local-leaders-take-first-ride-7-subway . live .
  67. Web site: The Master Plan - 17 Million Square Foot Mixed Use Development | Hudson Yards . Hudsonyardsnewyork.com . July 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160713120809/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/the-story . July 13, 2016 . dead.
  68. Web site: Construction Begins on the Vast Platform for New York's Hudson Yards . Taylor-Foster . James . March 22, 2014 . arch daily . July 13, 2018 . July 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180713200101/https://www.archdaily.com/488903/construction-begins-on-the-vast-platform-for-new-york-s-hudson-yards . live .
  69. Nick Stockton . A Plan to Build Skyscrapers That Barely Touch the Ground . . March 24, 2014 . April 16, 2014 . April 14, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140414015825/http://www.wired.com/2014/03/new-york-hudson-yards/ . live .
  70. Web site: Part of Hudson Yards Tunnels Is Nearly Done. Now It Sits, Unused. . The New York Times . July 20, 2017 . August 30, 2018 . August 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831071950/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/nyregion/hudson-yards-tunnels-gateway-project.html . live .
  71. Web site: Take a Peek Into 10 Hudson Yards, the New Neighborhood's First Shiny Skyscraper to Open for Business . Kirby . Jen . May 31, 2016 . Daily Intelligencer . June 1, 2016 . June 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160601122550/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/05/first-hudson-yards-building-open-for-business.html . live .
  72. Web site: 30 Hudson Yards' Observation Deck And Parapet Nearly Complete . Nelson . Andrew . May 7, 2018 . New York YIMBY . June 28, 2018 . June 28, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180628182327/https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/05/30-hudson-yards-observation-deck-and-parapet-nearly-complete.html . live .
  73. Web site: Tracking the biggest buildings taking shape at Hudson Yards . Walker . Ameena . April 4, 2018 . Curbed NY . June 12, 2018 . June 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180615063018/https://ny.curbed.com/2018/4/4/17115600/hudson-yards-construction-timeline-building-status-nyc . live .
  74. Web site: The Master Plan – 17 Million Square Foot Mixed Use Development | Hudson Yards . Hudsonyardsnewyork.com . January 22, 2014 . May 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160713120809/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/the-story . July 13, 2016 . dead.
  75. Web site: 15 Hudson Yards tops out as megaproject preps for spring 2019 debut . Plitt . Amy . February 27, 2018 . Curbed NY . August 20, 2018 . February 27, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180227204740/https://ny.curbed.com/2018/2/27/17057670/hudson-yards-nyc-megaproject-construction-diller-scofidio-renfro . live .
  76. Web site: Related's 35 Hudson Yards Tops Out As Neighborhood's First Residential Supertall . Nelson . Andrew . June 19, 2018 . New York YIMBY . June 28, 2018 . June 28, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180628182034/https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/06/relateds-35-hudson-yards-tops-out-as-neighborhoods-first-residential-supertall.html . live .
  77. Web site: AM New York . Hudson Yards developers give update on project . August 21, 2014 . August 21, 2014 . March 29, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190329222638/https://www.amny.com/real-estate/hudson-yards-developers-give-update-on-project-1.9111117 . live .
  78. Web site: 6 crucial ways New York City's landscape will change in 2019 . Rosenberg . Zoe . January 2, 2019 . Curbed NY . January 3, 2019 . October 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201028093327/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/2/18161731/nyc-real-estate-architecture-predictions-2019 . live .
  79. Web site: Hudson Yards is the biggest New York development since Rockefeller Center. Here are all the major buildings in the $25 billion neighborhood. . Bendix . Aria . October 7, 2018 . Business Insider . January 3, 2019 . October 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201028070121/https://www.businessinsider.com/hudson-yards-rundown-major-buildings-finished-2018-10 . live .
  80. Web site: Progress Report: Hudson Yards . Chelsea Now . February 21, 2015 . February 8, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150208020014/http://chelseanow.com/2015/01/progress-report-hudson-yards/ . live .
  81. Web site: Could Frank Gehry and Santiago Calatrava be designing Hudson Yards towers? . Plitt . Amy . February 19, 2018 . Curbed . July 12, 2018 . July 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220007/https://ny.curbed.com/2018/2/19/17026686/hudson-yards-nyc-architecture-frank-gehry-santiago-calatrava . live .
  82. Web site: New York's next big neighborhood is its smartest . Volpe, Joseph . . May 7, 2014 . May 9, 2014 . May 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140508005336/http://www.engadget.com/2014/05/07/hudson-yards-smart-neighborhood/ . live .
  83. News: Rubinstein . Dana . Hong . Nicole . Haag . Matthew . Related Companies and Wynn to Bid for New Casino in Midtown Manhattan . September 16, 2022 . The New York Times . September 15, 2022.
  84. News: Horror on the Hudson: New York's $25bn architectural fiasco. The Guardian. Oliver. Wainwright. April 9, 2019. April 10, 2019. April 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409233657/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/apr/09/hudson-yards-new-york-25bn-architectural-fiasco. live.
  85. News: 0362-4331. Hudson Yards Is Manhattan's Biggest, Newest, Slickest Gated Community. Is This the Neighborhood New York Deserves?. Kimmelman. Michael. March 14, 2019. The New York Times. March 20, 2019. July 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190714124101/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/03/14/arts/design/hudson-yards-nyc.html. live.
  86. News: Chaffin . Joshua . Can New York avoid a coronavirus exodus? . February 4, 2021 . The Financial Times . May 26, 2020 . February 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210209053927/https://www.ft.com/content/a313a40c-b046-4b11-b302-41d9f347cddb . live .
  87. Web site: Design Changes Revealed For Two Hudson Yards Towers . Curbed NY . Dailey . Jessica . December 5, 2013 . January 24, 2014 . July 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190702122510/https://ny.curbed.com/2013/12/5/10167386/design-changes-revealed-for-two-hudson-yards-towers . live .
  88. Web site: Excavation Wraps For Foster + Partners' 50 Hudson Yards As Foundation Work Begins . Nelson . Andrew . May 11, 2018 . New York YIMBY . June 28, 2018 . June 28, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180628182159/https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/05/excavation-wraps-for-foster-partners-50-hudson-yards-as-foundation-work-begins.html . live .
  89. Web site: January 21, 2015 . Construction starts on 55 Hudson Yards . Real Estate Weekly . February 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160503024904/http://rew-online.com/2015/01/21/construction-starts-on-55-hudson-yards/ . May 3, 2016 . dead.
  90. Web site: 55 Hudson Yards Tops Out 51 Floors and 780 Feet Above Street Level, Midtown West . Fedak . Nikolai . August 22, 2017 . New York YIMBY . August 23, 2018 . June 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612194124/https://newyorkyimby.com/2017/08/55-hudson-yards-tops-out-51-floors-and-780-feet-above-street-level-midtown-west.html . live .
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