Hudson Institute Explained

Hudson Institute
Native Name Lang:en
Founders:
Founding Location:Croton-on-Hudson, NY
Type:nonprofit
Tax Id:13-1945157[1]
Status:501(c)(3)[2]
Purpose:Promoting American leadership for a secure, free, and prosperous future
Headquarters:
Origins:RAND Corporation
Leader Title:President and CEO
Leader Name:John P. Walters[3]
Leader Title2:Chairman
Leader Name2:Sarah May Stern[4]
Subsidiaries:Hudson Analytical Services Inc
Affiliations:Discovery Institute
Revenue:$37,400,000
Revenue Year:2021
Expenses:$19,400,000
Expenses Year:2021
Endowment:$81,100,000[5]
Endowment Year:2021
Employees:60[6]
Employees Year:2016
Volunteers:237
Volunteers Year:2016
Founded Date:[7]
Area Served:United States of America

Hudson Institute is an American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C.[8] [9] [10] It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation.

Kahn was a physicist and military consultant known for envisioning nuclear war scenarios. The institute's research branched out from the military into various areas including economics, health, education, and gambling. Kahn died in 1983 and the institute moved to Indianapolis the year after.[11] The institute helped design Wisconsin's influential workfare program in the mid-1990s.[12] [13] Hudson relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2004.[14] It has been noted for work with governments and industries including defense and agribusiness.[15] [16] [17] [18]

History

1961–1982

Hudson Institute was founded in 1961[19] by Herman Kahn, Max Singer, and Oscar M. Ruebhausen. Kahn was a Cold War icon, often interviewed in magazines, who was purported to have the highest IQ on record and partly inspired the 1964 movie Dr. Strangelove.[20] [21] In 1960, while employed at the RAND Corporation, Kahn had given a series of lectures at Princeton University on scenarios related to nuclear war. In 1960, Princeton University Press published On Thermonuclear War, a book-length expansion of Kahn's lecture notes.[22] Major controversies ensued, and Kahn and RAND parted ways.

Kahn moved to Croton-on-Hudson, New York, intending to establish a new think tank that was less hierarchical and bureaucratic.[23] Along with Max Singer, a young government lawyer who had been Kahn's RAND colleague, and New York attorney Oscar Ruebhausen, Kahn founded the Hudson Institute on July 20, 1961.[24] Kahn has been described as Hudson's driving intellect while Singer developed the institute's organization.[25] Ruebhausen was an advisor to New York governor Nelson Rockefeller.[26]

Hudson's initial research projects largely represented Kahn's personal interests, which included the domestic and military use of nuclear power and scenario planning exercises about policy options and their possible outcomes.[27] The use of the word scenario in such exercises had been adapted from Hollywood storytelling as a more dignified word than "screenplay", and Kahn was an enthusiastic practitioner.[28] [29] Kahn and his colleagues made pioneering contributions to nuclear deterrence theory and strategy during this period.[30]

Hudson's detailed analyses of "ladders of escalation"[31] and reports on the likely consequences of limited and unlimited nuclear exchanges, eventually published as Thinking About the Unthinkable in 1962 and On Escalation: Metaphors and Scenarios in 1965,[32] were influential within the Kennedy administration.[33] They helped the institute win its first major research contract from the Office of Civil Defense at the Pentagon.[34]

Meanwhile, in popular culture, Dr. Strangelove in 1964 borrowed many lines from Kahn's On Thermonuclear War, and the methods of Kahn, Hudson and RAND also inspired the 1967 satirical book The Report From Iron Mountain, depicting a supposedly secret study on the dangers of peace.[35]

Kahn did not want Hudson limited to defense-related research,[36] and along with Singer, he recruited a staff from diverse academic backgrounds. Hudson also involved a wide range of consultants for analysis and policy, including French philosopher Raymond Aron,[37] African-American novelist Ralph Ellison, political scientist Henry Kissinger, conceptual artist James Lee Byars,[38] and social scientist Daniel Bell. Its focus expanded to include geopolitics,[39] economics,[40] demography, anthropology, science and technology, education,[41] and urban planning.[42]

Kahn in 1962 predicted the rise of Japan as the world's second-largest economy and developed close ties to politicians and corporate leaders there.[43]

Hudson Institute used scenario-planning techniques to forecast long-term developments and was noted for its future studies. In 1967, Hudson published The Year 2000, a bestselling book commissioned by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Many of the predictions proved correct, including technological developments like portable telephones and network-linked home and office computers.[44]

In 1970, The Emerging Japanese Superstate was published. After the Club of Rome's 1972 report The Limits to Growth produced alarm about the possibility that population growth and resource depletion might result in a 21st-century global "collapse", Hudson responded with its own analysis, The Next 200 Years, which concluded instead that scientific and practical innovations were likely to significantly improve worldwide living standards.

Hudson struggled with funding problems in the 1970s for reasons including increased competition from other think tanks for government grants.[45] It turned to grants from corporations such as IBM and Mobil.[46]

In his 1982 book The Coming Boom, Kahn argued that pro-growth tax and fiscal policies, information technology, and developments by the energy industry would make possible an unprecedented prosperity in the Western world by the early 21st century.[47] [48] Kahn also foresaw unconventional extraction techniques like hydraulic fracturing.

Within 20 years, Hudson had offices in Bonn,[49] Paris,[50] Brussels, Montreal[51] and Tokyo.[52] Other research projects were related to South Korea, Singapore, Australia[53] and Latin America.[54]

1983–2000

After Kahn's sudden death at age 61 on July 7, 1983,[55] Hudson was restructured. Recruited by the City of Indianapolis and the Lilly Endowment, Hudson relocated its headquarters to Indiana in 1984. In 1987, Mitch Daniels, a former aide to Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) and President Ronald Reagan, was appointed CEO.[56]

William Eldridge Odom,[57] former director of the National Security Agency, became Hudson's director of national security studies;[58] economist Alan Reynolds became director of economic research.[59] Technologist George Gilder led a project on the implications of the digital era for American society.[60] [61] [62]

In 1990, Daniels quit to become vice president of corporate affairs at Eli Lilly and Company.[63] He was succeeded as CEO by Leslie Lenkowsky, a social scientist,[64] and former consultant to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.[65]

Under Lenkowsky, Hudson emphasized domestic and social policy. During the early 1990s, the institute did work concerning education reform and applied research on charter schools and school choice.[66] [67]

Also in 1990, Hudson Institute spun off a subsidiary non-profit organization that took the name the Discovery Institute.[68]

At the initiative of Wisconsin governor Tommy Thompson, two members of Hudson were in the small planning group that designed the Wisconsin Works welfare-to-work program. Hudson also helped fund the planning and evaluated the results.[69] A version was adopted nationwide in the 1996 federal welfare-reform legislation signed by President Bill Clinton.[70] In 2001, President George W. Bush's initiative on charitable choice was based[71] on Hudson's research[72] into social-service programs administered by faith-based organizations.[73]

Other Hudson research from this period included 1987's "Workforce 2000",[74] the "Blue Ribbon Commission on Hungary" (1990)[75] "International Baltic Economic Commission" (1991–93), on market-oriented reforms in the newly independent states of Eastern Europe,[76] and the 1997 follow-up study "Workforce 2020".

In 1997, Lenkowsky was succeeded by Herbert London.[77] [78]

2001–2016

After the September 11 attacks, Hudson emphasized international issues such as the Middle East, Latin America, and Islam. On June 1, 2004, Hudson relocated its headquarters to Washington, D.C.

In 2012, Sarah May Stern became chairman of the board of trustees, and remains so to the present. [79]

In 2016, Hudson relocated from its McPherson Square headquarters[80] to a custom-built office space on Pennsylvania Avenue, near the U.S. Capitol and the White House.[81] The new LEED-certified[82] offices were designed by FOX Architects.[83] The Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe presided over the opening of the new offices.[84]

2016–present

Vice President Mike Pence used the institute as his venue for a major policy speech concerning China[85] on October 4, 2018.

In 2021, Pompeo and Elaine Chao, Secretary of Transportation in the Trump administration, joined the institute.[86] [87] In January 2021, John P. Walters was appointed president and CEO of the Hudson Institute. Walters succeeded Kenneth R. Weinstein, who became the first Walter P. Stern Distinguished Fellow.[88] Former U.S. attorney general William P. Barr joined as a distinguished fellow in 2022.[89] On March 30, 2023, President Tsai Ing-wen of Taiwan attended an event held by the Hudson Institute, where she accepted the institute's Global Leadership Award. In response to the award event, the Foreign Ministry of China imposed sanctions on the institute, its Board of Trustees Chair Sarah May Stern, and its President and CEO John P. Walters.[90]

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen chose the Hudson Institute to host a major address in October 2023 where she defended Israel's right to defend itself following Palestinian terror attacks.[91] In the speech, she voiced EU solidarity with Israel and drew parallels between acts of terror by Hamas and Russian dictator Vladimir Putin. The speech was coordinated with the White House as President Joe Biden urged Congress to approve additional aid to support Ukraine and Israel as key allies of the United States.[92]

The Institute provides several briefing services, such as the Keystone Defense Initiative, where Rebecca Heinrichs is the Senior Fellow and Director.[93] [94]

Sponsored awards

Hudson offers two annual awards, the Herman Kahn Award and the Global Leadership Awards.[95] [96] Past Hudson Institute honorees include Nikki Haley,[97] Paul Ryan,[98] Mike Pence,[99] Mike Pompeo,[100] Ronald Reagan, Henry Kissinger, Rupert Murdoch,[101] Dick Cheney, Joseph Lieberman,[102] Benjamin Netanyahu,[103] David Petraeus, and Shinzo Abe.[104]

Funding

Hudson Institute is funded by donations from individuals, foundations, and corporations.[105] Notable funders of the Institute include the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, the Sarah Scaife Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

As of 2021, the organization reported revenue of over $37m with under $20m in expenses and an endowment of $81m.

Hudson Institute has accepted $7.9m from Donors Trust. It has received $25,000 from Exxon Mobil since 1998 and less than $100,000 from Koch family foundations, both of which actively minimize climate change.[106]

The New York Times commented on Dennis Avery's attacks on organic farming: "The attack on organic food by a well-financed research organization suggests that, though organic food accounts for only 1 percent of food sales in the United States, the conventional food industry is worried".[107]

Another employee of the institute, Michael Fumento, was revealed to have received funding from Monsanto for his 1999 book Bio-Evolution. Monsanto's spokesman said: "It's our practice, that if we're dealing with an organization like this, that any funds we're giving should be unrestricted." Hudson's CEO and President Kenneth R. Weinstein told BusinessWeek that he was uncertain if the payment should have been disclosed. "That's a good question, period," he said.

The New York Times suggested Huntington Ingalls Industries had used the Hudson Institute to enhance the company's argument for more nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, at a cost of US$11 billion each. The Times alleged that a former naval officer was paid by Hudson to publish an analysis endorsing more funding. The report was delivered to the House Armed Services subcommittee without disclosing that Huntington Ingalls had paid for part of the report. Hudson acknowledged the misconduct, describing it as a "mistake".

The institute, which publishes frequent reports concerning China, has received funding from the Taiwanese government as have other prominent think tanks.[108]

Politics

Employees of Hudson Institute have made substantial political donations. During the 2022 election cycle, they donated $128,893 to federal campaigns the vast majority of which went to Republican candidates and PACs.[109] A major recipient was Rep. Liz Cheney (R-WY).

The institute is generally described as conservative and sometimes neoconservative.[110] Hudson says it hosts policymakers, foreign policy experts, and elected officials from across the political spectrum. According to its website, Hudson “challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic transitions through interdisciplinary studies in defense, international relations, economics, energy, technology, culture, and law.”[111]

Policy Centers

Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East

Led by Michael Doran, the center studies challenges for America and its allies in the middle east in responding to the threats posed by inimical forces such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, Russia, and China to promote peace.[112] [113]

China Center

The China Center at the Hudson Institute studies China with the "central goal of engendering America’s value-based, non-partisan, sound and effective responses to the China challenge."[114] The center was launched in May 2022.[115] It is directed by Miles Yu while Michael Pompeo serves as chair of the advisory board, which consists of Scott Morrison, Paula J. Dobriansky, Morgan Ortagus, and Kyle Bass as of August 2023.[116] [117]

Center on Europe and Eurasia

The Center on Europe and Eurasia, led by Peter Rough, is focused on "checking Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine, countering China’s subversion of the continent, extricating Europe from strategic vulnerabilities, forging key links in Central Asia, and modernizing our transatlantic military posture and economic ties".[118] [119] The center was launched in 2022.[120]

Japan Chair

The Japan Chair at the Hudson Institute is led by Kenneth R. Weinstein, a fellow at the Institute and its former CEO.[121] It is focused on strengthening the U.S.-Japan alliance. The Chair was founded in Spring 2009 under the leadership of General H.R. McMaster who now serves as chair of its advisory board.[122] [123]

Hamilton Commission on Securing America’s National Security Innovation Base

The Hudson Institute houses this bipartisan commission which explores economic sectors critical to national security with the purpose of proposing policy recommendations to reduce dependence and advance U.S. leadership in these industries.

The commission is chaired by Nadia Schadlow and Arthur L. Herman.[124] The other members are:

Kleptocracy Initiative

Hudson launched the Kleptocracy Initiative in response to Russia's first invasion and occupation of Ukrainian Crimea in 2014.

In 2016, Hudson's Kleptocracy Initiative issued a report, authored by Ben Judah, sounding the alarm about offshore financial flows, and calling for the end of anonymous shell companies as a US national security priority.[125] The Hudson Institute received criticism by a member of its Kleptocracy Initiative advisory board when its 2018 awards gala was funded in part by Len Blavatnik, a magnate who had business dealings with Russian oligarchs who were on the United States sanctions list.

Funding

2019 finances:[126]

Notable personnel

Other notable persons

See also

Notes

  1. "Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax". Hudson Institute Inc. Guidestar. December 31, 2015.
  2. "Hudson Institute Inc". Exempt Organizations Select Check. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  3. Web site: John P. Walters President and CEO . Hudson Institute . 28 January 2021 .
  4. Web site: Hudson Institute - IRS Form-990 yr2012. 2013-11-12. 2023-07-16. ProPublica - Nonprofit Explorer.
  5. Web site: 2021 Annual Report . 31 December 2021 . Hudson Institute . 22 August 2022 .
  6. Web site: Hudson Institute Inc. . Foundation Center . 23 July 2019 .
  7. "Hudson Institute, Inc." Division of Corporations. New York State Department of State. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  8. Book: Wrabley, Jr., Raymond B. . Encyclopedia of Interest Groups and Lobbyists in the United States . 2015-07-17 . Routledge . 978-1-317-47174-5 . Ness . Immanuel . 10.4324/9781315704739.
  9. Web site: Obe . Mitsuru . 23 September 2013 . Abe First Non-American to Win Conservative Hudson Institute Award . 4 July 2016 . The Wall Street Journal.
  10. Web site: Riechmann . Deb . Miller . Zeke . 5 October 2018 . Vice President Pence accuses China of meddling in US . 12 August 2019 . Associated Press.
  11. Web site: Feron . James . 18 May 1984 . Hudson Institute Moving to Midwest . 18 November 2016 . The New York Times.
  12. Book: Conant, James K. . Wisconsin Politics and Government: America's Laboratory of Democracy . University of Nebraska Press . 2006 . 9780803215481 . 229.
  13. Book: Cabezas . Amalia L. . Wages of Empire: Neoliberal Policies, Repression, and Women's Poverty . Reese . Ellen . Waller . Marguerite . Taylor & Francis . 2015 . 9781317249474 . United Kingdom.
  14. Web site: The Hudson Institute . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150304043100/http://laurel-hall.pkpfoundation.org/about-us/history/hudson-institute.aspx . March 4, 2015 . 18 November 2016 . Laurel Hall.
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  17. News: Javers, Eamon . 2006-01-13 . A Columnist Backed by Monsanto . . dead . 2012-04-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060115090216/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jan2006/nf20060113_2851_db035.htm . January 15, 2006.
  18. Web site: 2015-09-25 . Secretive donors gave US climate denial groups $125m over three years Environment The Guardian . https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220407/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years . 2015-09-25 . 2021-09-19 . TheGuardian.com.
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  22. Web site: About the book . 4 July 2016 . BookFinder.com.
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  28. Web site: Ratcliffe . John . 1 January 2000 . Scenario Building: a Suitable Method for Strategic Property Planning? . 4 July 2016 . Dublin Institute for Technology.
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  37. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 7.
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  43. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 15.
  44. Web site: Albright . Richard E. . January 2002 . What Can Past Technology Forecasts Tell Us About the Future . 4 July 2016 . Albright Strategy.
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  47. Web site: Passell . Peter . 12 September 1982 . Why is Herman Kahn Smiling? . 4 July 2016 . The New York Times.
  48. Web site: Grier . Peter . 5 November 1982 . Why Herman Kahn sees a bright economic future ahead . 4 July 2016 . The Christian Science Monitor.
  49. Web site: Johnston . William B. . June 1987 . Workforce 2000 . 4 July 2016 . Institute of Education Sciences.
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  51. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 2.
  52. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 17.
  53. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 20.
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  55. Web site: Teaster . Joseph B . 8 July 1983 . Herman Kahn dies; Futurist and Thinker on Nuclear Strategy . 18 November 2016 . The New York Times.
  56. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . April 1993 . Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . 31.
  57. Web site: Kingston . Margo . 3 May 2004 . Is US withdrawal the least worst option? . 18 November 2016 . The Sydney Morning Herald.
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  63. Web site: Curriculum Vitae for Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. . 18 November 2016 . Purdue University.
  64. Web site: Miller . John J. . 2003 . Strategic Investment in Ideas . 18 November 2016 . PhilanthropyRoundtable.
  65. Web site: Curriculum Vitae . 18 November 2016 . Indiana University Bloomington.
  66. Web site: Celis . William . 20 December 1992 . A Would-Be Model for Reviving Ailing Public Schools . 18 November 2016 . The New York Times.
  67. Web site: Hook . Ormand G. . 6 January 1997 . Let's Get the Facts Straight on Charter Schools . 18 November 2016 . Mackinac Center.
  68. News: Wilgoren . Jodi . 2005-08-21 . Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive . en-US . . 2023-05-22 . 0362-4331.
  69. Web site: 7 November 2011 . The 3-Minute Interview: Kenneth R. Weinstein . 18 November 2016 . Washington Examiner.
  70. Web site: Jouzaitis . Carol . 30 September 1996 . Welfare Reform: Now It's Up To States . 18 November 2016 . Chicago Tribune.
  71. Web site: Burke . Vee . 9 August 2004 . Charitable Choice, Faith-Based Initiatives, and TANF . 18 November 2016 . Oswego State University of New York . January 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170113151409/http://www.oswego.edu/~ruddy/Educational%20Policy/CRS%20Reports/Faith-Based%20Initiatives.pdf . dead .
  72. Web site: January 2002 . Charitable Choice . 16 November 2016 . United States General Accounting Office.
  73. Web site: Sherman . Amy L. . Empowering Compassion . 18 November 2016 . Faith in Communities.
  74. Web site: D'Amico . Carol . Back to the future: A current view of workforce 2000 and projections for 2020 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161118225400/http://booksc.org/book/1278667 . 18 November 2016 . 18 November 2016 . BookSC.
  75. Web site: Uchitelle . Louis . 15 January 1990 . U.S. Foundations Seek an East Bloc Role . 18 November 2016 . The New York Times.
  76. Web site: Kusmer . Ken . 28 October 1991 . Quayle Signs Agreement to Spur Private Investment in Baltics . 18 November 2016 . AP News Archive . April 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230408052404/https://apnews.com/5dd11dd3200c22c5b37293f8edd9dc2a . dead .
  77. News: Roberts . Sam . 2018-11-12 . Herbert London, Conservative Savant and Social Critic, Dies at 79 . en-US . . 2022-06-28 . 0362-4331.
  78. Web site: Leslie Lenkowsky: : Faculty: Profiles: Faculty Directory: Faculty & Research: Directory: Indiana University . 2022-06-28 . Directory . en-US.
  79. Web site: Sarah May Stern . 2023-07-16 . Hudson Institute.
  80. Web site: 6 June 2016 . Jewish Insider's Daily Kickoff: June 6, 2016 . 8 August 2019 . Haaretz Daily Newspaper.
  81. Web site: 21 March 2016 . Hudson Institute launches new HQ on Pennsylvania Ave. . 8 August 2019 . McMorrowReports.
  82. Web site: Hudson Institute . 8 August 2019 . KGO.
  83. Web site: 27 April 2016 . Hudson Institute Offices – Washington DC . 8 August 2019 . Office Snapshots.
  84. Web site: Grand Opening Featuring Prime Minister Shinzo Abe . 8 August 2019 . Hudson Institute.
  85. Web site: Perlez . Jane . 5 October 2018 . Pence's China Speech Seen as Portent of 'New Cold War' . 12 August 2019 . The New York Times.
  86. Web site: Nichols . Hans . 27 January 2021 . Scoop: Pompeo to stay in DC and join Hudson Institute . 2021-01-28 . . en.
  87. Web site: Axelrod . Tal . 2021-01-27 . Pompeo to join conservative think tank Hudson Institute . 2021-01-28 . . en.
  88. Web site: Kennneth R. Weinstein, Walter P. Stern Distinguished Fellow . 11 July 2023 . Hudson Institute.
  89. Web site: William P. Barr, Distinguished Fellow . 11 July 2023 . Hudson Institute.
  90. News: WU . HUIZHONG . August 7, 2023 . China sanctions Reagan library, others over Tsai's US trip . . April 7, 2023.
  91. Web site: 2023-10-20 . European Council President Calls For Egypt Assistance Amid Gaza Attacks . 2023-10-21 . VOA . en.
  92. News: Milne . Richard . Bounds . Andy . Dubois . Laura . 2023-10-20 . Why the EU-US summit won’t yield any breakthroughs on trade . Financial Times . 2023-10-21.
  93. Web site: AFGSC Commander discusses current mission, future with Hudson Institute . 2023-11-21 . www.afgsc.af.mil.
  94. Web site: 2019-07-10 . Rebeccah Heinrichs - Providence . 2023-11-21 . providencemag.com . en-US.
  95. Web site: Gordon . Amanda L. . 1 December 2015 . Rupert Murdoch and Jerry Hall Root for U.S. at Think-Tank Gala . 12 August 2019 . Bloomberg.
  96. Web site: Hounshell . Blake . 30 November 2015 . Murdoch unloads on Kerry, Obama, the left . 12 August 2019 . Politico.
  97. Web site: de Haldevang . Max . 3 December 2018 . Paul Ryan and Nikki Haley will be honored at a gala funded by a Russia-linked oligarch . 12 August 2019 . Quartz.
  98. Web site: 19 December 2018 . Speaker Ryan begins farewell tour as term in House comes to a close . 12 August 2019 . WAOW.
  99. Book: Sales . Amanda . Mike Pence . 2018 . Enslow Publishing, LLC . 9781978504011 . 12 August 2019.
  100. Web site: 2019-11-08 . Michael R. Pompeo at the Hudson Institute's Herman Kahn Award Gala . 2021-06-23 . U.S. Embassy in Uruguay . en-US.
  101. Web site: Fears . Danika . 1 December 2015 . Murdoch rips Kerry for defending terrorists' 'rationale' . 12 August 2019 . New York Post.
  102. Web site: 3 December 2015 . Rupert Murdoch receives Hudson Institute Global Leadership Award . 12 August 2019 . Indiantelevision.
  103. Web site: 25 August 2016 . Netanyahu to receive Hudson Institute Award during visit to NY . 12 August 2019 . Jewish Journal.
  104. Web site: 28 November 2017 . Vice President Mike Pence Receives 2017 Herman Kahn Award . 12 August 2019 . Hudson Institute.
  105. Web site: Hudson Institute . 2023-10-21 . InfluenceWatch . en-US.
  106. Web site: Fisher . Michael . Hudson Institute . 2021-09-19 . DeSmog . en-US.
  107. Marian Burros, "Eating Well; Anti-Organic, And Flawed", The New York Times, accessed December 14, 2007.
  108. Web site: Clifton . Eli . 2020-06-17 . Taiwan Funding of Think Tanks: Omnipresent and Rarely Disclosed . 2021-11-19 . The American Prospect . en-us.
  109. Web site: Hudson Institute Profile: Summary . 2021-09-20 . OpenSecrets . en.
  110. Web site: Hudson Institute . Militarist Monitor.
  111. Web site: Hudson Institute, About . 11 July 2023 . Hudson Institute.
  112. Web site: 2023-08-15 . Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East Hudson . 2023-08-30 . www.hudson.org . en.
  113. News: Allen-Ebrahimian . Bethany . New center focuses on China and Russia in the Middle East . .
  114. Web site: 2023-08-15 . China Center 中国中心 Hudson . 2023-08-30 . www.hudson.org . en.
  115. News: Chiang . Stephanie . 2022-05-21 . US think tank establishes China Center to develop strategies for China . .
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  117. Web site: Kishor . Napier-Raman . Noel . Towell . 2022-11-30 . Morrison joins advisory board of Rupert Murdoch-backed think tank . 2023-08-30 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en.
  118. Web site: 2023-08-15 . Center on Europe and Eurasia Hudson . 2023-08-30 . www.hudson.org . en.
  119. Web site: Rough . Peter . 2023-03-13 . Peter Rough . 2023-08-31 . Foreign Policy . en-US.
  120. Web site: 2022-12-05 . ICYMI: The World Needs American Leadership, Says Ernst U.S. Senator Joni Ernst of Iowa . 2023-09-01 . www.ernst.senate.gov . en.
  121. Web site: Hudson Institute's new Japan chair urges cooperation with U.S., Taiwan . 2023-09-01 . Nikkei Asia . en-GB.
  122. Web site: Axelrod . Tal . 2020-03-13 . Trump formally nominates Kenneth Weinstein as ambassador to Japan . 2023-09-01 . The Hill . en-US.
  123. News: Jamestown Terrorism Watch Week, December 7-11, 2020 . en-US . Jamestown . 2023-09-01.
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  125. Book: Judah . Ben . The Kleptocracy Curse: Rethinking Containment . October 2016 . Hudson Institute . Washington, D.C. . 6.
  126. Web site: 31 December 2019 . 2019 Annual Report . 6 November 2020 . Hudson Institute.
  127. Web site: Thomas J. Donohue . Hudson Institute . 13 July 2023 .
  128. Web site: Experts – Marshall Billingslea . Hudson Institute . 23 June 2021 .
  129. Web site: Experts – Ezra Cohen . Hudson Institute . 23 June 2021.
  130. News: Obama repeated Ike's mistakes so will Trump repeat Obama's? . Rubin . Jennifer . 14 December 2016 . . 29 March 2017 .
  131. Web site: Is it time to lift the 40-year-old ban on U.S. crude oil exports? . Lee . Don . 2 December 2015 . . 29 March 2017 .
  132. Fat Man . Menand . Louis . 27 June 2005 . The New Yorker . 24 January 2017 .
  133. Web site: The year 2000; a framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years . University of Toronto . 24 January 2017 .
  134. News: Judge Robert Bork, prominent conservative figure and Hudson Institute fellow, dies at 85 . McDuffe . Allen . 19 December 2012 . . 24 January 2017 .
  135. Web site: Rudy Boschwitz . Bloomberg. 24 January 2017.
  136. Web site: The Second Nuclear Age: Strategy, Danger, and the New Power Politics . AF.edu . April 25, 2014 . 15 November 2020.
  137. Web site: Hudson Upcoming Events Detail . Hudson Institute . 2010-10-14 . 2012-04-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120305181614/http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=hudson_upcoming_events&id=800 . 2012-03-05 . dead .
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  139. Web site: Saagar Enjeti . Hudson Institute. August 15, 2023 .
  140. News: Javers, Eamon. 2006-01-13. A Columnist Backed by Monsanto. BusinessWeek. https://web.archive.org/web/20060115090216/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jan2006/nf20060113_2851_db035.htm. dead. January 15, 2006. 2012-04-26.
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  142. Web site: United Technologies Calls on Haig Again . 7 September 1982 . . 24 January 2017 .
  143. Web site: Donald Kagan, Trustee Emeritus. August 15, 2023 . Hudson Institute.
  144. Web site: Amy Kass, taught literature at University of Chicago, dies . Goldsborough . Bob . 14 September 2015 . Chicago Tribune . 24 January 2017 .
  145. Book: Pickett, Neil . A History of Hudson Institute . Indianapolis . Hudson Institute . 8 . April 1993 .
  146. Web site: Countries that will miss George Bush . Ghattas . Kim . 12 January 2009 . BBC News. 29 March 2017 .
  147. Web site: How to cut and run . Odom . William E. . 31 October 2006 . . 24 January 2017 .
  148. Web site: An Interview with John O'Sullivan. . Chapin . Bernard . 9 January 2007 . The American Spectator . 24 January 2017 .
  149. Web site: curriculum vitae . Marcello . Pera . 29 March 2017 .
  150. News: For China, Trump's Style Brings Optimism Even as Rhetoric Bites . Shi . Thing . 10 December 2016 . . 29 March 2017 .
  151. Web site: Oxford University must stop selling its reputation to Vladimir Putin's associates . 3 November 2015 . . 29 March 2017 .
  152. Web site: YouTube star vies for House. Kendra. Marr. October 16, 2009. POLITICO.
  153. Web site: UN's Moral Ban-Kruptcy . Prosor . Ron . 27 June 2016 . . 29 March 2017 .
  154. News: How an obscure socialist text from the '80s predicted Bernie Sanders's rise . Radosh . Ron . 25 March 2016 . The Washington Post. 29 March 2017 .
  155. Web site: Interview With Noted Journalist and Russia Expert, David Satter . Ramani . Samuel . 29 March 2017 . HuffPost. 29 March 2017 .
  156. News: The Dangerous Illusion of 'Nuclear Zero' – Why even speculate about a nuclear posture that would require world peace as a precondition? . Douglas J. Feith . Abram N. Shulsky . . 20 May 2010 .
  157. Web site: 'It's crazy to think that I'd threaten Blair' . Smith . David . 16 January 2017 . . 24 January 2017 .
  158. http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=staff_bio&eid=WinsorCurtin Curtin Winsor

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