| Hoyt Henry Wheeler | |
| Office: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont |
| Term Start: | March 16, 1877 |
| Term End: | September 30, 1906 |
| Appointer: | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| Predecessor: | David Allen Smalley |
| Successor: | James Loren Martin |
| Office1: | Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court |
| Term Start1: | 1869 |
| Term End1: | 1877 |
| Predecessor1: | John Prout |
| Successor1: | Walter C. Dunton |
| Office2: | Member of the Vermont Senate from Windham County |
| Term Start2: | 1868 |
| Term End2: | 1869 |
| Alongside2: | David Goodell |
| Predecessor2: | Daniel Kellogg Homer Goodhue |
| Successor2: | David Goodell Vacant (After Hoyt's resignation) |
| Office3: | Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from Jamaica |
| Term Start3: | 1867 |
| Term End3: | 1868 |
| Predecessor3: | Abijah Muzzy |
| Successor3: | Joel Holton |
| Birth Name: | Hoyt Henry Wheeler |
| Birth Date: | 30 August 1833 |
| Birth Place: | Chesterfield, New Hampshire |
| Death Place: | Brattleboro, Vermont |
| Resting Place: | Morningside Cemetery Brattleboro, Vermont |
| Party: | Republican |
| Spouse: | Minnie L. Maclay (m. 1861-1904, her death) |
| Profession: | Attorney |
Hoyt Henry Wheeler (August 30, 1833 – November 19, 1906) was an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and later a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.
Wheeler was born on August 30, 1833, in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, a son of John Wheeler and Roxana (Hall) Wheeler. He was raised and educated in Chesterfield and Newfane, Vermont, including attendance at the Chesterfield Academy, where he later taught. He also taught at schools in Dummerston, Vermont, Newfane, Townshend, Vermont and Westminster, Vermont. Wheeler began to study law while teaching, and learned under the tutelage of attorneys Charles K. Field, Jonathan Dorr Bradley and George Bradley Kellogg. He was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practiced in Jamaica from 1859 to 1867, first in partnership with John E. Butler, then as senior partner with Lavant M. Reed. A Republican, he was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1867. He was a member of the Vermont Senate from 1868 to 1869. He was an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1869 to 1877, succeeding Justice John Prout.
Wheeler was nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes on March 15, 1877, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Vermont vacated by Judge David Allen Smalley. According to contemporary accounts, Wheeler had not sought the appointment, but received it because he had made a favorable impression on Hayes when Hayes visited Newfane. (Hayes's family was originally from nearby Dummerston.) He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 16, 1877, and received his commission the same day. He retired in October 1906, following the confirmation of James Loren Martin as his successor.
Wheeler died in Brattleboro on November 19, 1906. He was buried at Morningside Cemetery in Brattleboro.
In 1861, Wheeler married Minnie L. Maclay of Lockport, New York. They had no children, but raised as their own a nephew, John Knowlton, the son of Mrs. Wheeler's sister Elizabeth and her husband Benjamin L. Knowlton.
In 1886, Wheeler received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont.