| Howrah | |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Total Type: | Total |
| Mapsize: | 300 |
| Coordinates: | 22.5736°N 88.3251°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | West Bengal |
| Subdivision Type2: | Division |
| Subdivision Name2: | Presidency |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Seat Type: | Headquarters |
| Seat: | Howrah |
| Parts Type: | Tehsils |
| Parts Style: | para |
| Area Total Km2: | 1467 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Total: | 4,850,029 |
| Population Urban: | 3074144 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Demographics |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Literacy |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 83.31 % |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Sex ratio |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 935 |
| Leader Title1: | Lok Sabha constituencies |
| Leader Name1: | Howrah, Uluberia, Serampore - partly |
| Leader Title2: | Vidhan Sabha constituencies |
| Leader Name2: | Howrah Uttar, Howrah Madhya, Shibpur, Howrah Dakshin, Bally, Sankrail, Panchla, Uluberia Purba, Uluberia Uttar, Uluberia Dakshin, Shyampur, Bagnan, Amta, Udaynarayanpur, Jagatballavpur, Domjur |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +05:30 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Major highways |
| Blank Info Sec1: | NH 16, NH 2 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Average annual precipitation |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 1461 mm |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | 0.680[1] |
Howrah district (in Bengali ˈɦao̯ɽa/) is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of Bhurshut. The district is named after its headquarters, the city of Howrah.[2]
The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.[3] The district is bounded by the Hooghly River and the North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts on the east, on the north by the Hooghly district (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south by Midnapore East district (Tamluk sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division of Midnapore West district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division of Midnapore East district to the south-west.
Boundaries of the district are naturally determined by Rupnarayan River on west and south-west, and by Bhagirathi-Hooghly river on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east and Damodar River on north-west.[4]
Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C.
Howrah District is split into the Howrah Sadar subdivision and the Uluberia subdivision. The Howrah Sadar subdivision has 1 municipal corporation with 1 municipality and 5 community development (CD) blocks. The Uluberia subdivision has 1 municipality and 9 community development blocks.
Each block consists of a rural area divided into gram panchayats along with census towns.[5] The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats[6] and 50 census towns.
| Area | Subdivision | Type | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Municipal Corporation | includes the merged Bally Municipality and total number of wards is sixty six now[7] [8] | |||
| CD Block | consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and six census towns: Bally (different from Bally municipality), Chakapara, Chamrail, Eksara, Khalia and Jagadishpur Durgapur-Avoynagar1, Durgapur-Avoynagar2, Nischinda | |||
| CD Block | consists of rural area with 18 gram panchayats and sixteen census towns: Domjur, Dakshin Jhapardaha, Khantora, Bhandardaha, Makardaha, Kantlia, Tentulkuli, Salap, Bankra, Nibra, Ankurhati, Bipra Noapara, Kalara, Kesabpur, Natibpur, and Mahiari | |||
| CD Block | consists of rural area with 11 gram panchayats and seven census towns: Bikihakola, Beldubi, Deulpur, Gangadharpur, Jujersha, Jala-Biswanathpur, Banaharishpur, Chara-Panchla, Panchla, Subharara and Sahapur | |||
| CD Block | consists of rural area with 16 gram panchayats and fourteen census towns: Argari, Dhuilya, Andul, Ramchandrapur, Podara, Panchpara, Hatgachha, Jhorhat, Banipur, Mashila, Sankrail, Manikpur, Nalpur, Raghudebbati and Sarenga | |||
| CD Block | consists of rural area with 14 gram panchayats and two census town: Mansinhapur and Munsirhat | |||
| Municipality | ||||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 13 gram panchayats | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: Khalor and Bagnan | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Naupala | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 9 gram panchayats.The most important village is Bar-Mongrajpur under Hatgacha-1 G.P. | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and three census towns: Santoshpur, Balaram Pota and Uttar Pirpur | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 10 gram panchayats | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 8 gram panchayats | |||
| CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats |
See also: List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate.
According to the 2011 census Howrah district has a population of 4,850,029,[9] roughly equal to the nation of Singapore[10] or the US state of Alabama.[11] This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of 640).[9] The district has a population density of 3306PD/sqkm.[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.31%.[9] 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Haora has a sex ratio of 935 females for every 1000 males[9] and a literacy rate of 83.85%. 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.82% and 0.31% of the population respectively.[9]
Total area in Howrah District is 1467 km2. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km2.
| 1,184,863 | 79.50% | 3,535,844 | 72.90% | ||
| 296,325 | 19.88% | 1,270,641 | 26.20% | ||
| Others | 9,116 | 0.61% | 43,544 | 0.90% | |
| Total Population | 1,490,304 | 100% | 4,850,029 | 100% |
According to the 2011 census, 84.99% of the population spoke Bengali, 10.92% Hindi and 2.86% Urdu as their first language. Hindi and Urdu are mainly spoken in urban areas.[14]
See also: List of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The district is divided into 16 assembly constituencies:[15] Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. The division is represented in the Lok Sabha by the Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency) and Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) .
| S No. | Name | Lok Sabha constituency | MLA | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 169 | Bally | Howrah | Rana Chatterjee | ||
| 170 | Howrah Uttar | Gautam Chowdhuri | |||
| 171 | Howrah Madhya | Arup Roy | |||
| 172 | Shibpur | Manoj Tiwary | |||
| 173 | Howrah Dakshin | Nandita Chowdhury | |||
| 174 | Sankrail (SC) | Priya Paul | |||
| 175 | Panchla | Gulsan Mullick | |||
| 176 | Uluberia Purba | Uluberia | Bidesh Ranjan Bose | ||
| 177 | Uluberia Uttar (SC) | Nirmal Maji | |||
| 178 | Uluberia Dakshin | Pulak Roy | |||
| 179 | Shyampur | Kalipada Mandal | |||
| 180 | Bagnan | Arunava Sen | |||
| 181 | Amta | Sukanta Kumar Paul | |||
| 182 | Udaynarayanpur | Samir Kumar Panja | |||
| 183 | Jagatballavpur | Srerampur | Sitanath Ghosh | ||
| 184 | Domjur | Kalyan Ghosh | |||