| Horseshoe Lake | |
| Location: | Alexander County, Illinois, U.S. |
| Coords: | 37.1489°N -89.355°W |
| Type: | Oxbow lake |
| Basin Countries: | United States |
| Elevation: | 322feet |
| Pushpin Map: | Illinois#USA |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of Horseshoe Lake in Illinois, USA. |
Horseshoe Lake is a 2007acres natural oxbow lake in Alexander County, Illinois.[1] It is the site of Illinois's Horseshoe Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area, a state park 10645acres in size. It has a shoreline and a depth of 4feet, with a maximum depth of .[2] [3] A remnant of a large meander of the Mississippi River, it is today a shallow, isolated patch of water located near Cairo and the southern tip of Illinois. In 1972, the Horseshoe Lake Nature Preserve was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.[4]
The Alexander County lake has major problems with siltation. During the Great Flood of 1993 the river tried to shift back to the Horseshoe Lake meander, but returned to its modern channel after the flood subsided. Much of the lake resembles a swamp or bayou. This is one of the northernmost parts of the natural ranges of the Bald cypress and Tupelo trees, which are found on the shoreline of the lake. Another tree found here is the swamp cottonwood. There is a good growth of the flowering American lotus.
Other northern stands of Bald Cypress occur in southern Maryland and Delaware. These are some of the most northerly occurrences of the Bald Cypress trees. The site in Maryland, Battle Creek Cypress Swamp, is more than one degree further north.[5] [6] This information does not relate to the Tupelo tree.