Horatio Hartley Explained

Horatio Hartley
Birth Date:1826
Birth Place:Ohio, United States
Death Place:Olympia, Washington, United States
Burial Place:Odd Fellows Memorial Park, Tumwater, Washington, United States
Occupation:Gold miner, prospector
Years Active:1849–1869
Known For:Discovery of exceptional gold riches with his partner Christopher Reilly
Spouse:Mary Ann Griffin

Horatio Hartley (1826–1903) was an American gold prospector who participated in the Otago gold rush in New Zealand in the 1860s.[1]

In 1862, Hartley discovered gold near Clutha River with Christopher Reilly. The location was proclaimed as the Dunstan goldfield on 23 September 1862.[2] [3]

Early life

Horatio Hartley was born in Ohio, United States, in 1826. Little has been recorded of his early life until he joined the gold rush to California in 1849.[4] At this point, Hartley was 22 years old and it was in the goldfields of California he would befriend Christopher Reilly, a gold prospector from Ireland.[5]

Gold rushes

As much of his early life, Hartley's life during the California gold rush is equally poorly recorded. What is known is that both Hatley and Reilly followed the gold rush from California to the Victorian goldfields in Australia. Departing Victoria and travelling from Sydney to Auckland,[6] the pair arrived in New Zealand in 1862.

New Zealand

Like many Victorian miners, Hartley and Reilly congregated at the Tuapeka goldfield (Lawrence) on the Clutha River (Māori: Mata-Au), although it is likely their past experience in California and Victoria drove them to search for gold in Central Otago's interior.

The winter of 1862 was exceptionally severe and resulted in unseasonably low-levels of the Clutha River.[7] Hartley and Reilly worked the sides of the Cromwell Gorge for three months until they were forced to take the huge hoard of gold they had secretly amassed to the Chief Gold Receiver in Dunedin in August 1862.[8] Hartley and Reilly's discovery caused great excitement as they deposited some 87 lb (1,044 t oz) of gold,[9] sparking a gold rush to what would become known as Hartley's Beach.[10] Hartley and Reilly, in divulging the location of their rich finds (approximately one mile downstream of the confluence with the Kawarau River), were rewarded with £2000 from the Otago Provincial Government.[11] On 23 September 1862 the Dunstan goldfield was proclaimed, the selection of this name in preference to Hartley's being largely in deference to Reilly, who was 'jealous of the pre-eminence' accorded Hartley as the discoverer.

Immediately after the discovery, Hartley announced his intention to visit the Coromandel goldfields.[12] Hartley assessed (and purchased into several claims)[13] in the Coromandel goldfields on behalf of Otago miners, expressing that he had never seen anything better in quartz countries. Returning to Dunedin in February 1863, he would leave again on 18 March from Queenstown for the West Coast via the Dart River.[14] On reaching the Awarau River, he was forced to turn back due to a shortage of provisions.

Later life

Hartley's movements are uncertain following his return to Queenstown in March 1863. He appears to have led a prospecting party from Melbourne to New Guinea in the late 1860s or early 1870s.

Hartley returned to the United States and married Mary Ann Griffin (born 1828 in Vermont) in 1869, the couple settling in Olympia, Washington. Not forgetting his success in Central Otago thirty years prior, Hartley wrote to the Otago Daily Times in December 1893 requesting a subscription to the Otago Witness:

Hartley's gold prospecting had earned him some considerable wealth and he subsequently owned a significant amount of property in Olympia, including a large ranch, but he would eventually become known as an eccentric.

In failing health for some time, Horatio Hartley died on 21 January 1903 in Gull Harbor, Washington. He was buried in the Odd Fellows Memorial Park in Thurston County near Olympia. Though his wife survived him, having no children, Hartley bequeathed the majority of his estate (US$30,000) to the Olympia School District and just US$2000 plus US$600 a year to Mary Ann, so long as she did not remarry.[15]

Mary Ann died on 6 February 1915 and was buried alongside him.

Legacy

Their names synonymous with the discovery of gold in the Cromwell Gorge, it was perhaps inevitable that with the introduction of gold dredges on the Clutha River in the 1890s that one would carry the eponym of Hartley and Reilly.[16] [17] [18] The Hartley and Reilly Dredge had mixed success; it was mining Hartley's Beach when a drunken dredge-hand let the ladder down out of control crashing through a hard pan into an underlying layer richer in gold than Hartley and Reilly's original discovery. In a single week the dredge recovered £5000 worth of gold.[19] Unfortunately, the Hartley and Reilly dredging company went into liquidation in 1913, and the dredge was sold at auction. It sank in 1914.

Horatio Hartley and Christopher Reilly are remembered on a plaque in the Cromwell Gorge which was installed by the Otago Goldfields Heritage Trust. The plaque overlooks Hartley's Beach (now submerged beneath Lake Dunstan) and reads:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hearn . T. J. . 1990 . Hartley, Horatio . 23 April 2017 . Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  2. Book: HARTLEY, Horatio, and REILLY, Christopher (in) An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . 1966 . 1966 . McLintock . A. H. . Wellington . 17 September 2023.
  3. Book: Pyke. V. History of the early gold discoveries in Otago. 1887. Dunedin.
  4. News: 28 February 1863 . Coromandel . XIX . 9 . Daily Southern Cross . 1751 . 16 September 2023.
  5. Book: Joyce, L. . Gold Rush: Central Otago 1862 . Promote Dunstan Inc . 2012 . 978-0-473-20171-5 . Clyde, NZ . Joyce2012.
  6. News: 6 February 1863 . Shipping Intelligence Port of Auckland . XIX . 3 . Daily Southern Cross . 1732 . 16 September 2023.
  7. Book: Laytham, P. . The Cromwell Gorge An Historical Guide . Laytham . E. . Cromwell and Districts Promotion Group . 2007 . 4 . Cromwell, NZ.
  8. Web site: Hartley and Reilly . 16 September 2023 . Central Otago District Council.
  9. News: 26 August 1862 . The Eighty Seven Pounds Weight of Gold! . XVII . 3 . Wellington Independent . 1758 .
  10. News: 17 August 1889 . Saturday, August 17, 1889 . LXXII . 4 . The Lyttelton Times . 8874 . 16 September 2023.
  11. News: 19 August 1862 . Conditions of Reward . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 217 . 16 September 2023.
  12. News: Populi . V. . 19 August 1862 . Original Correspondence . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 217 . 16 September 2023.
  13. News: 14 February 1863 . Auckland . XXII . 3 . Nelson Examiner . 15 . 16 September 2023.
  14. News: 6 April 1863 . The Lake Country . 5 . Otago Daily Times . 403 . 16 September 2023.
  15. Web site: 1 September 2019 . Horatio Hartley 1826/1903 . 16 September 2023 . In Loving Memory.
  16. Web site: 1903 . Cromwell (in) The Cyclopedia of New Zealand (Otago & Southland Provincial Districts) . 16 September 2023 . Victoria University of Wellington Library . The Cyclopedia Company Limited .
  17. Web site: Grant . D. . Stock market – Financing the gold-dredging boom . 17 September 2023 . Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  18. Web site: Hartley and Reilly Dredge (Gold dredge) . 16 September 2023 . New Zealand National Library.
  19. News: 27 August 1932 . New Zealand Gold . LXIX . 1 . New Zealand Herald . 21272 . 17 September 2023.