Honourable Artillery Company Explained

Unit Name:Honourable Artillery Company
Dates:1087;
chartered 25 August 1537
Command Structure:77th Brigade[1]
Garrison:London
Ceremonial Chief:The King
Ceremonial Chief Label:Captain General
Colonel Of The Regiment:Prince Michael of Kent
Colonel Of The Regiment Label:Royal Honorary Colonel
Commander4:General Sir Roland Walker
Commander4 Label:Colonel Commandant
Motto:Arma pacis fulcra
(Latin: "Armed Strength for Peace")
Identification Symbol:
Only worn by Corps of Drums
Identification Symbol Label:Tactical Recognition Flash
Identification Symbol 2:None
(Bearskin cap)
Identification Symbol 2 Label:Plume
Identification Symbol 4:HAC
Identification Symbol 4 Label:Abbreviation
Notable Commanders:Lieutenant Colonel Sir Edward Heath
General Sir Richard O'Connor

The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) is a reserve regiment in the British Army. Incorporated by royal charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII, it is the oldest regiment in the British Army and is considered the second-oldest military unit in the world.[2] [3] Today, it is also a charity whose purpose is to attend to the "better defence of the realm", primarily through supporting the HAC regiment. The word "artillery" in "Honourable Artillery Company" does not have the current meaning that is generally associated with it, but dates from a time when in the English language that word meant any projectile, for example arrows shot from a bow. The equivalent form of words in modern English would be either "Honourable Infantry Company" or "Honourable Military Company".[4]

In the 17th century, its members played a significant part in the formation of both the Royal Marines and the Grenadier Guards. More recently, regiments, battalions and batteries of the Company fought with distinction in both World Wars and its current regiment, which forms part of the Army Reserve, is the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army,[5] and the second most senior[6] in the Army Reserve after the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia). Members of the regiment are drawn, for the most part, from young men and women working in and around the City and Greater London. Those leaving the active units may become Veteran Members and remain within the fraternity of the company.

History

Early history

The HAC can trace its history back as far as 1087,[7] but it received a royal charter from Henry VIII on 25 August 1537, when Letters Patent were received by the Overseers of the Fraternity or Guild of St George authorising them to establish a perpetual corporation for the defence of the realm to be known as the Fraternity or Guild of Artillery of Longbows, Crossbows and Handgonnes.[8] This body was known by a variety of names until 1658, when it was first referred to as the Artillery Company.[9] It was initially referred to as the Honourable Artillery Company in 1685 and officially received the name from Queen Victoria in 1860.[10] However, the Archers' Company of the Honourable Artillery Company was retained into the late 19th century, though as a private club. Founded in 1781 by Sir Ashton Lever, it met at Archers' Hall, Inner Circle, Regent's Park, London. The Archers' Company remained a part of the regiment operated from 1784 to the late 1790s, along with Matross, Grenadier (established on 11 August 1686)[11] and Light Infantry companies/divisions, with a Rifle or Yager Company introduced around 1803.[12]

The regiment has the rare distinction of having fought on the side of both Parliament and the Royalists during the English Civil War 1642 to 1649.[13]

From its formation, the Company trained at a site it had occupied at the Old Artillery Ground in Spitalfields and at The Merchant Taylors' Company Hall.[14] In 1622, the Company built its first Armoury House at the site of the Old Artillery Gardens.[15]

In 1638, Sir Maurice Abbot granted the Company use of lands at its current site south of Bunhill Fields Burial Ground on City Road, which in 1649 consisted of twelve acres enclosed by a brick wall and pale. In 1657, it sold its old Armoury House in Spitalfield to Master Gunner Richard Woolaston for £300.[16]

In 1656, the Grenadier Guards were formed from gentlemen of the Honourable Artillery Company who had taken the then heir to the throne, Prince Charles (later Charles II), to Europe for his safety during the English Civil War.[17]

On 28 October 1664, in the New Artillery Gardens, the body of men that would become the Royal Marines was first formed with an initial strength of 1,200 infantrymen recruited from the London Trained Bands as part of the mobilisation for the Second Anglo-Dutch War. James (later King James VII & II), the Duke of York and Albany, Lord High Admiral and brother of King Charles II, was Captain-General of the Honourable Artillery Company, the unit that trained the Trained Bands.[18] [19]

The Company served in Broadgate during the Gordon Riots of 1780[20] and in gratitude for its role in restoring order to the city, the Corporation of London presented "two brass field-pieces", which led to the creation of an HAC Artillery Division. (These guns are on display in the entrance hall of Armoury House.)[21]

In 1860, control of the company moved from the Home Office to the War Office and in 1889, a Royal Warrant gave the Secretary of State for War control of the company's military affairs. In 1883, Queen Victoria decreed that the HAC took precedence next after the Regular Forces and therefore before the Militia and Yeomanry in consideration of its antiquity.[22] [23]

South Africa 1900–1902

Members of the Company first served as a formed unit overseas in the South African War (1899–1902). Almost two hundred members served;[24] the majority in the City of London Imperial Volunteers (CIV) as infantry, mounted infantry and in a Field Battery that was officered, and for the most part manned, by members of the company.[25]

Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907

In 1907, the Company became part of the newly formed Territorial Force with the passing of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act. The HAC Infantry was due to become part of the newly formed London Regiment as the "26th (County of London) Battalion",[26] but instead managed to retain its own identity as the Honourable Artillery Company Infantry Battalion. The HAC also had its property and privileges protected by the Honourable Artillery Company Act 1908.[27]

First World War

The HAC expanded to three infantry battalions and seven artillery batteries[28] during the First World War. Second Lieutenants Reginald Leonard Haine and Alfred Oliver Pollard, of the 1st Battalion HAC, were awarded Victoria Crosses for their actions at Gavrelle in 1917. In total 1,650 men from the HAC were killed during the war.[29]

In September 1914, the 1st Battalion followed the British Expeditionary Force to France and fought in the 1st Battle of Ypres. After the fighting at the Battle of the Ancre in 1916 and the Battle of Arras in 1917, it became an officer training battalion and provided demonstration platoons.[30] Elements of the battalion were used to help quell the Étaples Mutiny. The 2nd Battalion HAC was raised in August 1914; it was in France by October 1916 and in action on 25 February 1917 at Bucquoy. They fought at the Battle of Arras in May and the 3rd Battle of Ypres in October.[31] In November 1917, the battalion moved to the Italian Front under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Richard O'Connor. In the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, in October 1918, they led a force of Italians, Americans and British that compelled the garrison of the strategic island of Papadopoli (in the main channel of the River Piave) to surrender. For this remarkable feat of arms, the HAC was awarded two Distinguished Service Orders, five Military Crosses, three Distinguished Conduct Medals and 29 Military Medals.[32]

Both A Battery and B Battery went to Suez in April 1915. In July, B Battery fought in the recapture of Sheikh Othman (key to the water supply to Aden) from the Turks as part of the Aden campaign.[33] In February 1917, both batteries took part in the Palestine Campaign, were in action at the First and Second Battle of Gaza and entered Jerusalem in December 1917. In the German counter-attack during the Second action of Es Salt on 1 May 1918, A Battery was forced to make a rapid withdrawal under heavy fire, which resulted in the loss of all its guns. Both A and B Batteries took part in the Battle of Megiddo in September.[34]

The 2nd Line batteries – 2/A Battery and 2/B Battery – were formed in 1914 and served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade; the 3rd Line batteries – A (Reserve) Battery and B (Reserve) Battery – were formed in 1915 to provide trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line batteries.[35]

A seventh battery, the 309th (HAC) Siege Battery RGA, went to France in April 1917 and saw action at the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Amiens.[36] [37]

In 1919, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Lisle Strutt, arranged for a detachment of the 2nd Battalion to form a Guard of Honour at Imst Station to give a final Royal Salute on the departure of the Imperial State Train for Charles I, the last Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King, to safety in Switzerland, after having served as the family's protector at Eckartsau on the personal initiative of King George V.[38] [39]

Interwar

When the Territorial Force was reconstituted as the Territorial Army (TA) in 1920, the HAC infantry battalion was reformed, while A and B Batteries formed a composite RHA unit with the City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) (one battery) as 11th (HAC and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, RHA. The TA began to expand rapidly at the time of the Munich Crisis in 1938, and the Yeomanry left to form a separate light anti-aircraft regiment leaving 11th Regiment RHA (HAC). Subsequently, the HAC formed the 12th (1939) and 13th Regiments RHA (HAC) (1940) and the 86th (HAC) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (1939).[40] [41] [42]

Second World War

Infantry Battalion

In 1939, the Infantry Battalion became 162 (HAC) Officer Cadet Training Unit, this was the Officer Training Unit of the Reconnaissance Corps.[43] In 1942, 101 RAC OCTU amalgamated with 162 Reconnaissance Corps OCTU to form 100 RAC OCTU based at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[44]

11th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 11th (HAC) Regiment RHA served in North Africa at the Battle of Knightsbridge with 25-pounder guns and, after re-equipping with the M7 Priest self-propelled gun, in the Second Battle of El Alamein where it was commanded by Bill Leggatt. The regiment's guns were the first guns ashore in the invasion of Sicily; then they took part in the Allied invasion of Italy and the Italian Campaign.[45]

12th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 12th (HAC) Regiment RHA took part in the Operation Torch landings and were in action at Thala in February 1943, where they halted a German advance following the Battle of the Kasserine Pass. After re-equipping with Priests, they too moved on to Italy in March 1944 and fought at Monte Cassino.[46]

13th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 13th (HAC) Regiment RHA equipped with Sexton self-propelled guns fought in Normandy, the Netherlands and across the Rhine into Germany as part of 11th Armoured Division.[47]

86th (HAC) HAA Regiment, RA

See main article: 86th (Honourable Artillery Company) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery. The regiment formed part of 26th (London) Anti-Aircraft Brigade defending the London Inner Artillery Zone.[48] Anti-Aircraft Command mobilised on 24 August 1939, and so 86th (HAC) HAA Rgt was already manning static gunsites at places like Primrose Hill and Finsbury Park when war was declared on 3 September. The regiment served in the defence of the capital throughout The Blitz. It became a mobile unit in 1942 and was one of the first units to land on D-Day, with Regimental Headquarters commanding a composite AA Assault Group on Juno Beach.[49] During the Normandy Campaign and subsequent advance into Belgium the regiment's 3.7-inch HAA guns were sometimes used to engage ground targets.[50] During the winter of 1944–45 its guns and radar defended Brussels and Antwerp against V-1 flying bombs (known as 'Divers').[51] [52]

Over seven hundred members of the Company lost their lives during the Second World War.[53]

Post-war

In 1947, the company was reorganised into:[41]

In 1973, the Regiment was again reorganised; it was given the role of providing 'stay behind' observation posts (OPs) for the British Army of the Rhine as one of the three Territorial Army units making up the Corps Patrol Unit (with 21 and 23 SAS).[54] The three sabre squadrons, each with a number of four to six man patrols provided surveillance and target acquisition capabilities to the HQs of 1st Artillery Brigade (HQ Sqn HAC), 1 Armoured Division (I Sqn HAC), 4 Armoured Division (II Sqn HAC), and 1 BR Corps (III Sqn HAC) with one 'sabre' squadron each.[55] The new structure was:

In 1992, the signals troops that had been integrated into the patrol squadrons were brought together to form the Signal Squadron;[56] they were subsequently re-integrated with the patrol squadrons in 2010.[57] [58]

In 1992, in the Salisbury Plain Training Area, the HAC was the last British Army unit to fire the 25-pounder in the field, as the Gun Troop retrained onto the 105mm Light Gun. The 25 pounder continued to be fired ceremonially until it was replaced by the Light Gun.[59] [60]

In 1996, the first formed unit of the Regiment to be mobilised for active service since the Second World War was called up for Operation Resolute with the NATO IFOR in Bosnia.[61]

The Regiment participated in the celebration of the Queen's Golden Jubilee on 4 June 2002 by firing a 62 gun salute at the Tower of London, and by providing a Guard of Honour (including the Regimental Band and the Massed Corps of Drums of the 1st Bn Grenadier Guards and the HAC) at St Paul's Cathedral.[62] In December of that year, the Captain-General visited and dined with the company to commemorate her Golden Jubilee as Captain-General.[63]

In 2005, the guns were withdrawn from Gun Troop, which was renamed Liaison Troop.[58]

In 2006, the HAC was the first major unit of the Territorial Army to convert to the Bowman communications system. When Bowman was temporarily withdrawn from the Territorial Army in 2008/09, it was one of the few units to retain the equipment.[64]

In 2016, Queen Elizabeth II became the longest-serving Captain-General of the HAC, with 64 years of service.[65] [61]

In 2017 A Battery (1st City of London) Honourable Artillery Company, was re-formed to provide gunners in support of 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery.[66]

Current role and organisation

Current role

The main role of the regiment is surveillance and target acquisition, in which it operates three patrol squadrons.[67] In 2018, the regiment took on an additional role when a new battery was formed to serve as part of 16 Air Assault Brigade in support of 7 (Parachute) Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery.[68] [69] [70]

The HAC has a ceremonial role in providing guards of honour at the Guildhall in the City of London during state visits and, since 1924 (when the Royal Artillery ceased to be stationed at the Tower), has provided the saluting battery at the Tower of London for state occasions.[71]

Training

The HAC is one of only a small number of Army Reserve units with responsibility for the carrying out portions of Phase One (recruits) and Two training of its own soldiers 'in house'. The Phase One course comprises six HAC-only weekends, followed by a two-week training period with other reserve soldiers at Army Training Centre Pirbright.[72] Unlike most Army Reserve units, who are only required to train at up to sub-unit (company or squadron) level, the HAC is required to train as a regiment.[73]

Those who wish to serve in 1 Squadron are required[74] to undertake the Surveillance and Reconnaissance Patrols Course (SRPC), an arduous course[75] with only a 10% pass rate.[76] Service as a Special Observer qualifies for additional pay and specialist courses and is open to all arms and services.[77]

Organisation

The HAC is not part of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, being an older and separate regiment with its own uniform, insignia and colours. The regiment forms part of 77 Brigade (having previously been part of 1st Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade) with sub units supporting the Army Special Operations Brigade and 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team. The sub units of the HAC are:[78]

Future Soldier programme: under this programme the HAC was moved to 77th Brigade. A Battery will provide two guns to each battery of 7 (Para) RHA and 1 Squadron will provide Special Patrols to the Army Special Operations Brigade.[82] [83]

Operations

The Regiment has had individuals or sub-units on active service at all times since 1996; with the personnel serving in a wide variety of roles in Northern Ireland, Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan and various countries in Africa.[61] Commitments included the deployment of individuals to human intelligence roles in the Balkans (including as part of Joint Commission Observer teams) and then formed patrols to Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq; independent sub-units to Operation Telic 4 and 5 in Iraq and L Troop to Operation Telic 9; as well as individual and group reinforcements to other infantry and artillery units.[84] In Afghanistan deployed personnel were divided between operating and maintaining counter indirect fire systems and other high technology equipment and forming part of the Brigade Reconnaissance Force (BRF).[85]

On Tuesday 4 December 2007, Trooper Jack Sadler, who was serving with the BRF, was killed when his vehicle was hit by a blast north of Sangin, in Helmand province. Two other soldiers were injured in the attack.[86] In 2008, the Runner-up for the Cobra Trophy for Volunteer Reservist of the year was Trooper Adam Cocks of 2 Squadron, who was severely injured in Afghanistan when his vehicle struck a mine. While recuperating at Headley Court rehabilitation centre, he and a friend came up with the idea of a rugby match at Twickenham to help raise money for the charity Help for Heroes.[87]

Regimental museum

The Honourable Artillery Company Museum is located at Armoury House.[88]

Dress

In 1830, King William IV ordered that the uniform of the HAC should be based on that of the Grenadier Guards, except that where the Grenadiers wear gold, the HAC were to wear silver. This tradition is continued today by the wearing of the silver coloured grenade in the forage cap similar to the brass one of the Grenadiers, and the buttons and lace on HAC dress uniforms being silver coloured instead of gold.[89]

Berets

The HAC wear a khaki beret with the HAC's beret badge ("short arms") in white metal on a black backing. Officers and warrant officers wear an embroidered cloth version of the same badge. The Corps of Drums and Regimental Band wear the HAC infantry grenade on a blue red blue backing, which is superficially identical to that of the Grenadier Guards. From July 2008, members of 4/73 (Sphinx) Special OP Battery, part of 5th Regiment Royal Artillery, the HACs paired regular regiment, adopted the khaki beret to mark their close working relationship.[90]

Other headdress

On the forage cap, the HAC infantry grenade (white metal) is worn by junior ranks of all subunits of the regiment. Sergeants and Warrant Officers wear a different version of the grenade, which has the letters HAC in brass on the ball of the grenade. Officers wear an embroidered silver grenade on their forage caps in No 1 Dress (Infantry) and on the Service Dress forage cap but when in No 1 Dress (Gunner) they wear the HAC Artillery cap badge. The latter is similar to that of the Royal Artillery but with "HAC" and "Arma Pacis Fulcra" replacing "Ubique" and "Quo Fas et Gloria Ducunt". In Full Dress (normally only worn by the Band and Corps of Drums), the Bearskin is worn without a plume.[91]

Badges of rank

In No 2 dress, Soldiers wear the larger Foot Guards badges of rank and qualification. Lance Corporals wear two chevrons and Lance Sergeants three. In Full Dress and Number 1 dress, WO2's wear a large colour badge of the same pattern as the Grenadier Guards, but in silver rather than gold. Officers' crowns and stars are of the same pattern as those of the Grenadiers (Order of the Garter), woven for combat uniforms but in silver for Service and Barrack Dress.[92]

Stable belts

Each Squadron wears a different stable belt:[93] [94] [95]

 
Honourable Artillery Company
(RHQ, HQ squadron, and Band)		Honourable Artillery Company
(1 Squadron)		Honourable Artillery Company
(II Squadron)
                      
 
 
Honourable Artillery Company
(III Squadron)		Honourable Artillery Company
(Training Wing)		Honourable Artillery Company
(Corps of Drums)
 
 
   

Other distinctions

In 1906, King Edward VII gave the HAC the distinction of a special ribbon for the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and Volunteer Long Service Medal. The ribbon, based on The King's personal colours (in turn taken from the Royal Standard), is red and blue edged with narrow yellow stripes. This ribbon has been carried forward to subsequent Territorial long service medals awarded to HAC members.[96] [97]

B Battery HAC supported the 10th Hussars during the Second World War and, in 1972, the Captain General approved the Battery wearing a 10th Hussar button as the top button on Numbers 1, 2 and 10 dress. This privilege is carried on by Number II Squadron following the 1973 re-organisation.[98]

Each year the Captain General awards a prize to the member of the Regiment who is deemed to have made an outstanding contribution to the Regiment. Holders of this prize, known as the King's or Queen's Prize wear a badge incorporating the Captain General's cypher and the year of award on Numbers 1, 2, 10 and 13 Dress.[99]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the company is a Shield of Arms, helm, mantling and crest with as supporters a Pikeman and a Musketeer and the motto 'Arma Pacis Fulcra', Unlike other regiments of the British Army, the HAC is incorporated and is therefore eligible to bear and use a Coat of arms. It is believed to date from circa 1615 and the coat of arms appears on a military manual published in 1629.[100]

Battle honours

The regiment's battle honours are as follows:[40]

The battle honours listed were awarded for services of both infantry and artillery units of the HAC. Those in bold are borne on the Colours.

Colours

The HAC is unique within the British Army in having two types of Colours. The HAC has its ceremonial Guns (which are considered Colours in Artillery regiments), but also carries a stand of traditional Colours of the Infantry. These Colours follow the pattern of line infantry regiments: the King's Colour being a version of the Union Flag, the Regimental Colour being blue with the HAC Coat of Arms in the centre. The last four occasions that new Colours have been presented to the Regiment were in 1928 by Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII), and in 1955, 1980 and on 18 May 2007 by HM Queen Elizabeth II, the regiment's Captain General.[101]

City of London Police Special Constabulary

In 1919, following a decision to increase the strength of the Metropolitan Police Reserve Force, the Home Secretary approached the HAC to form a Division of Special Constabulary. Some 150 members, mostly Great War veterans, rallied to the call and joined the Division, forming the HAC Detachment. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the Detachment was integrated into G Division of the Metropolitan Police and then later with Islington Division.[102] Following reorganisation, the Detachment is now part of the City of London Police Special Constabulary,[103] its administrative base is Armoury House.[104] In 2010, the Ferrers Trophy was awarded to Special Constable Patrick Rarden of the detachment for using his banking skills and experience to help train colleagues and provide invaluable assistance to solve fraud cases.[105]

"The Company"

As well as the Army Reserve Regiment and Specials (the "Active Units"), the HAC exists as a separate charitable organisation[106] —often colloquially referred to as "The Company" or "The House". The Company owns Armoury House and the Regiment's current grounds and, in addition to supporting the Active Unit, provides the basis for a social calendar. There are two distinct classes of member of the company. The first, Regimental Members, are those who are currently serving or who have previously served in the HAC Regiment or City of London Special Constabulary. The second, Members, must have served at least two years in Regular or three years in Volunteer units of the Crown or in the Police.[107] Some members are people who have reached senior rank (for example Major General The Duke of Westminster)[108] and they provide some 17% of the overall membership of the company.[109]

Since 1633, the company has been governed by a Court of Assistants, like many of the City Livery Companies. The first Court for which a record can be found was held in January 1657.[110]

Pikemen and Musketeers

The Pikemen and Musketeers (formed 1925, given a Royal Warrant 1955) are made up of veteran members of the Active Units. They are the personal bodyguard of the Lord Mayor of the City of London and form his Guard on ceremonial occasions.[111]

Light Cavalry

See main article: Light Cavalry HAC.

The Light Cavalry Troop (formed 1979, granted Royal Warrant 2004)[112] is open to both Regimental and Non-Regimental members of the company. They escort the Lady Mayoress, and in particular provide her 'Travelling Escort' at the Lord Mayor's Show.[113]

Grounds

Site

From 1538 to 1658, the HAC occupied and trained at the Old Artillery Ground in Spitalfields on the site of the outer precinct of the dissolved Priory and Hospital of St Mary Spital. In 1658, following disputes over use of the Ground with the Gunners of the Tower, it moved to its current site south of the Bunhill Fields Burial Ground continuing to the south as far as Chiswell Street.[114] This area is described in a map of the area of 1677 as the 'New Artillery Garden' and has variously been referred to as the Artillery Ground and the Artillery Garden. This current site now falls in the London Borough of Islington, and is just north of the City of London, the main entrance being in City Road. During the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings on the London transport system, the Artillery Garden was used as a temporary mortuary.[61]

Armoury House

Armoury House stands at the north of these grounds, and is the home of the HAC. It was built to replace a smaller 17th-century armoury; the central portion being completed in 1735 to designs by Thomas Stibbs financed in part by a gift of £500 from King George I. Subscriptions were received from members of the company and from the Court of Lieutenancy for the City of London. The building cost £1,332.[115]

In 1802, a distinctive flag tower was added to the roof. The East and West Wings were built in 1828, replacing much smaller buildings on either side of Armoury House. A cottage, originally for the Sergeant Major, was built against the West Wing in 1850. 1862 saw the completion of a Victorian drill hall attached to the rear. The Albert Room, as it was called, featured an iron trussed roof and was named in honour of the then recently deceased Prince Albert.[116]

On 9 June 1990, the hall was bombed by the Provisional IRA whilst a 21st birthday party was in progress, injuring 17 civilians.[117] [118]

In recent years parts of the building have been available on a private hire basis for events.[119]

Finsbury Barracks

Finsbury Barracks is the Regiment's Headquarters and is leased by London RFCA from the HAC itself. Completed for the Royal London Militia in 1857, it was designed by the architect Joseph Jennings and built in Kentish Ragstone. An extension, faced in striped stone and granite, linking Finsbury Barracks to Armoury House was designed by Arnold & Boston and added in 1994. Finsbury Barracks was refurbished in the same year and was re-opened by the Captain General in 1996.[120]

The HAC Shooting Lodge / "Bisley Hut"

The lodge was built in 1928 on land leased from the National Rifle Association at Bisley and replaced the original hut on the site. The building was funded by donations, including some in memory of the fallen of the First World War.[121] HAC vacated the lodge in 2012 following the expiry of their lease and now affiliates to the London & Middlesex Rifle Association.[122]

Pencelli Estate

In 1999, the company acquired the Welsh Pencelli Estate near Brecon as an area that could be used by the Regiment for military and adventure training. The historic estate lies in the heart of the Brecon Beacons National Park and comprises approximately 14,000 acres (57 km2) of hill land.[123]

Notable members of the HAC

Captains General of the HAC
AppointedIncumbentReference
1657Major General Philip Skippon
1660James II[124]
1690William III[125]
1702Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland[126]
1715George II[127]
1766George IV[128]
1830William IV[129]
1837Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex[130]
1843Prince Albert, the Prince Consort[131]
24 July 1863Edward VII[132]
7 May 1910George V[133]
1 February 1936Edward VIII[134]
10 December 1936George VI
6 February 1952Elizabeth II[135]
10 August 2023Charles III[136]
Colonels Commandant
Others[140]

Affiliations

Schools affiliation

In 1995, six public schools (Eton, Harrow, Marlborough, Radley, Rugby and Wellington) became affiliated to the company. The rationale behind these affiliations is to facilitate communication with the schools and to inform students of the opportunities available to them within the HAC.

Cadet force

The HAC established a Cadet Battalion in 1942 during the Second World War which continued until 1958. During the War and until 1948 members of the Cadet Battalion fired salutes and provided guards of honour whilst members of the HAC were away on active service.[175] In 2012, the HAC sponsored and helped establish a cadet unit at the City of London Academy Islington[176] and, in 2018, another at Mossbourne Community Academy.[177]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Future Soldier Guide. 25 November 2021. Ministry of Defence. 6 November 2021.
  2. News: Davies . Peter . Henry VIII's militia still marching . The Times . 2006-05-01 . 2018-12-18 .
  3. Web site: Mass. corps votes in first female members . . The Ancient and Honorables is the third-oldest military organization in the world, just a few decades behind the Honourable Artillery Company of London and the Vatican's Pontifical Swiss Guard. .
  4. Web site: History 1537–1799. HAC.org.uk.
  5. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company. 2020-08-26. British Army. en-GB.
  6. Web site: Letters Confirming The Date of Formation And Precedence of the Regiment . Monmouth Castle Museum . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130523153805/http://www.monmouthcastlemuseum.org.uk/more/articles/seniority2/page24.html . 23 May 2013 .
  7. Book: Nevill, Ralph . British military prints . 1909 . xxxiv .
  8. Goold Walker 1986, p. 1.
  9. Goold Walker 1986, p. 68.
  10. Goold Walker 1986, p. 244
  11. Book: Higmore, Anthony . The History of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of London . 1804 . 123 .
  12. Justine Taylor, Archivist, Honourable Artillery Company, Armoury House, London, 2009.
  13. Goold Walker 1986, p. 56.
  14. Book: Higmore, Anthony . The History of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of London. 1804. 64 .
  15. Goold Walker 1986, p. 32.
  16. Book: Anthony Higmore. The History of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of London. 1804. 80.
  17. Web site: Britain and Belgium mark 360th anniversary of the Grenadier Guards – News stories . GOV.UK . 2016-09-02 . 2016-12-23 .
  18. Web site: Royal Marines History and Traditional Facts. Marine Society & Sea Cadet. 22 May 2016. 5 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160705080815/http://www.acoy.co.uk/RoyalMarinesHistoryTraditionalFactsPrecisPack1.pdf. dead.
  19. http://www.40commando.net/ Royal Marines History – Origins
  20. Goold Walker 1986, p. 172
  21. Web site: Early history. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  22. Web site: Army – The Queen's Regulations – The Honorable Artillery Company . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 27 March 1888.
  23. Web site: The Honorable Artillery Company and The Royal Naval Volunteers – Precedence at Reviews . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 7 July 1887.
  24. Book: The H.A.C. in South Africa: a record of the services rendered in the South African War by members of the Honourable Artillery Company. Williams . Basil . Childers . Erskine . Smith, Elder & Co.. London. 1903. 1.
  25. Book: The H.A.C. in South Africa: a record of the services rendered in the South African War by members of the Honourable Artillery Company. Williams . Basil . Childers . Erskine . Smith, Elder & Co.. London. 1903. 2.
  26. [List of units of the British Army Territorial Force 1908]
  27. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company Act 1908 . Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  28. Book: Kingham, W. R. . London Gunners . 1919 . 1-84342-658-7. Naval & Military Press .
  29. Web site: The First World War 1914–1918 . 26 August 2017 .
  30. Goold Walker 1986, p. 273
  31. Goold Walker 1986, p. 283
  32. News: Britain's oldest regiment hails a great Italian victory 90 years on. The Times. 4 November 2008. When the pikemen and musketeers of the London-based Honourable Artillery Company parade before the President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano, in the town square of Vittorio Veneto in northeastern Italy today they will do so as a grateful acknowledgement by the Italian authorities of a remarkable British contribution to Italy's final victory over the forces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the First World War. . London . Peter . Davies . 4 May 2010.
  33. Book: General Martin Farndale. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. The Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base, 1914–1918. Royal Artillery Institution. 1988. 1-870114-05-1. 357.
  34. Goold Walker 1986, p. 279
  35. Goold Walker 1986, pp. 288–291
  36. Goold Walker 1986, p. 284.
  37. Web site: The Royal Horse Artillery . The Long, Long Trail . Baker . Chris . 16 December 2014 . The HAC batteries had a strong officer-producing role for the RHA and RFA, and due to the high quality and number of officers provided it was sought to extend this service to the RGA. Thus in 1916 the 309th (Honourable Artillery Company) Siege Battery RGA was formed. This served in France from 1917 until the end of the war..
  38. Gordon Brook-Shepherd (2003). Uncrowned Emperor: The Life and Times of Otto von Habsburg. London: Hambledon Continuum. .
  39. Gordon Brook-Shepherd (1968). The Last Habsburg. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. .
  40. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company . Regiments . 26 August 2017. bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20051231075734/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/art-eng-sig/HAC.htm . 31 December 2005 .
  41. Litchfield, pp. 147–149.
  42. Money Barnes, p. 356.
  43. Book: The British Reconnaissance Corps in World War II. 978-1846031229. 17 May 2014. Doherty. Richard. 27 March 2007. Bloomsbury USA.
  44. Web site: History of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Ministry of Defence. 17 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160705060055/http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/history_of_rmas.pdf. 5 July 2016. dead.
  45. Goold Walker 1986, p. 315.
  46. Goold Walker 1986, p. 324
  47. Book: Delaforce, Patrick . The Black Bull . 1993 . Sutton Publishing . 0-7509-3183-3 . Patrick Delaforce served with the regiment through this campaign.
  48. Routledge, Table LX, p. 378.
  49. Routledge, pp. 307–311.
  50. Routledge, p. 314.
  51. Routledge, pp. 333–341.
  52. Goold Walker 1986, pp. 336–337
  53. Web site: The Second World War 1939–1945. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  54. [Honourable Artillery Company Museum|HAC Museum]
  55. Eyes on target: 'Stay-behind' forces during the Cold War. Tamir. Sinai. 8 December 2020. War in History. 28. 3. 681–700 [12–13]. 10.1177/0968344520914345. free.
  56. Honourable Artillery Company Journal, Vol 442, Vol 69, Spring 1992
  57. Honourable Artillery Company Journal, Vol 442, Vol 87, Spring 2010
  58. Web site: The Regiment since 1946. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  59. Web site: Online Collection . National Army Museum, London . 2017-12-09.
  60. Web site: Towed Equipment . Crusader80.co.uk . 2017-12-09 .
  61. Web site: Text of The Queen's speech at the presentation of colours to the Honourable Artillery Company . 18 May 2007 . 28 December 2007 . Since I last presented new colours to the Company in 1980, the Regiment has served with distinction on exercises and operations around the world, and most recently in the Balkans, Iraq and Afghanistan. Facilities sited in the Company's grounds played a key role in the aftermath of the London bombings of 2005. . 25 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080125201835/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5976.asp . dead .
  62. Web site: Court Circular . Buckingham Palace . 4 June 2002 . 28 December 2007 . A Guard of Honour of the Honourable Artillery Company, with the Band of the Company, and the Massed Corps of Drums of the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Honourable Artillery Company, under the command of Major Simon Garrett, with the Mounted Bands and a Dismounted Detachment of the Household Cavalry were formed up outside the Great West Door. . 30 September 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930223924/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4113.asp?ID=9994 . dead .
  63. Web site: Court Circular. Buckingham Palace. 11 December 2002. 28 December 2007. The Queen was entertained to Lunch at Armoury House, City Road, London EC1, this afternoon by the Honourable Artillery Company to celebrate Her Majesty's Fifty Years as Captain General.. 30 September 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224027/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4113.asp?ID=6578. dead.
  64. TAQ. Ministry of Defence. December 2008.
  65. Web site: Laura Proto . Queen celebrates becoming longest serving Captain-General of Honourable Artillery Company . Evening Standard. London . June 2016 . 2016-06-10.
  66. Regimental Fire, HAC Newsletter, December 2017
  67. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company. Elite UK Forces. 4 November 2018.
  68. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company. British Army. en-GB. 2019-07-17.
  69. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company. eliteukforces.info. 2019-07-17.
  70. Web site: Reservists pair with Airborne gunners on Exercise Cypher Strike, 7 PARA RHA, Sept 2016. . ParaData . 2019-12-13.
  71. Web site: Gun salutes. 6 October 2015 . Royal.uk. 26 June 2019.
  72. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions . HAC . 2 June 2008 . The HAC runs two Recruits' courses each year, beginning in February/March and September/October. The Recruits course lasts six months and involves training each Tuesday evening, roughly one weekend a month and a ten-day final assessment. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080605074008/http://www.hac.org.uk/html/the-regiment/join-the-hac-regiment/frequently-asked-questions/ . 5 June 2008 .
  73. Web site: Royal Artillery Individual Training Regulations . June 2004 . 28 December 2007 . 30. The one exception to this is the HAC who are mandated to train at the regimental level . https://web.archive.org/web/20080227062703/http://www.army.mod.uk/linkedfiles/ra/tdt/pam_101__pdf_complete_2004.pdf . 27 February 2008 .
  74. Web site: HAC first British troops to deploy in Japan. 12 October 2018. The Military Times. 8 January 2020. 25 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200425173644/https://www.themilitarytimes.co.uk/news/hac-first-british-troops-to-deploy-in-japan/. dead.
  75. Web site: Soldiering. HAC.
  76. Web site: Gunner – STA Patrols Special Observer – British Army Jobs. apply.army.mod.uk.
  77. Web site: Soldier. edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk.
  78. Web site: Squadrons – British Army Website . 24 June 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604214324/http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/units/10738.aspx . 4 June 2011 .
  79. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company – British Army Website . British Army . 2016-12-23.
  80. Web site: Reservists pair with Airborne gunners – British Army Website . British Army . 2016-09-27 . 2016-12-23.
  81. Web site: Soldiering. HAC.
  82. Web site: Future Soldier Guide. Ministry of Defence. 30 November 2021.
  83. The Integrated Review, Lt Gen Andrew Gregory CBE, Master Gunner St James's Park, 25 Nov 21
  84. News: UK troops prepare for Christmas in Afghanistan. https://web.archive.org/web/20080223160755/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F12%2F24%2Fnarmy224.xml. dead. 23 February 2008. The Daily Telegraph. London. 27 December 2007. 26 December 2007. A highly paid investment banker for Credit Suisse in civilian life, Trooper Kelly is one of several soldiers from the City of London-based unit to give up a year of handsomely remunerated work in the Square Mile for training and deployment in Helmand.. Tom. Coughlan.
  85. News: Margarette . Driscoll . Pinstripe Army at two o'clock . Sunday Times . New Review 8 . 12 December 2010 .
  86. Web site: Trooper Jack Sadler killed in Afghanistan. Ministry of Defence. 5 December 2007 . 5 December 2007.
  87. News: Military news in brief. The Times. 21 March 2009. The Cobra Trophy Runner-up for 2008 is Trooper Adam Cocks, 2nd Squadron Honourable Artillery Company, who was severely injured in Afghanistan when his vehicle struck a mine. While recuperating at Headley Court rehabilitation centre, in Surrey, he and a friend came up with the idea of a rugby match at Twickenham to help to raise money for the charity Help for Heroes. . London . 4 May 2010 .
  88. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company Museum. Ogilby Trust. 3 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20160612195216/http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/museums/0000000044-Honourable-Artillery-Company.htm. 12 June 2016. dead.
  89. Goold Walker 1986, p. 218
  90. Web site: Yorkshire Gunners honoured for Service in Iraq and Afghanistan. Ministry of Defence. 3 July 2008. Earlier in the day, in what marks a historic change in the history of one of the Batteries from the Regiment – 4/73 (Sphinx) Battery, the traditional dark blue beret of the Royal Artillery was replaced with a khaki-coloured beret. The change came about as a result of the Battery working closely, in times of war, with the Honourable Artillery Company, who have a close association with the Household Division. The khaki beret is the colour beret that the Household Division wear and so to mark this close working relationship the beret has been changed.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120929073832/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/YorkshireGunnersHonouredForServiceInIraqAndAfghanistan.htm. 29 September 2012.
  91. A Dictionary of Military Uniform: W. Y. Carman
  92. Web site: Badge, rank, star, British, Honourable Artillery Company, Infantry Division, officers. Imperial War Museum. 26 August 2017.
  93. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company HAC 3 Squadron Stable Belt | #518188569. Worthpoint.
  94. Web site: Territorial Regiments of the British Army . stablebelts.co.uk.
  95. Web site: Genuine British Army HAC Honourable Artillery Company Stable Belt Material. eBay.
  96. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company – Medal Ribbon. Honourable Artillery Company. 7 April 2014.
  97. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company of London's Long Service Medal, awarded to Sgt. Tptr W.J. Waterlow, 1906 . The Fitzwilliam Museum: Watson Medals Catalogue Home . Fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk . 17 October 2006 . 7 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220953/http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/collection/watson/page388.html . 8 April 2014 . dead .
  98. Book: Hammond, Bryn . El Alamein: The Battle that Turned the Tide of the Second World War. Osprey. 2012. 978-1849086400.
  99. Web site: Queen's Prize. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  100. Book: Regimental Customs Traditions and History, An Aide Memoire. The Honourable Artillery Company. 2010.
  101. Web site: Court Circular. Buckingham Palace. 18 May 2007. 28 December 2007. The Queen, Captain General, accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh, this morning presented new Colours to The Honourable Artillery Company at Armoury House, City Road, London EC1..
  102. Web site: Some questions you might ask about the HAC and Special Constables. Honourable Artillery Company. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720092914/http://www.hac.org.uk/downloads/Collateral_2809__HAC_QA.pdf?PHPSESSID=9ed42c54191317cd20. 20 July 2011.
  103. Web site: Special Constables' duties. City of London Police. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100815062119/http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/Recruitment/Specials/duties.htm. 15 August 2010.
  104. Web site: City of London Police Special Constabulary . Honourable Artillery Company .
  105. Web site: Crime-fighting volunteers recognised . National Policing Improvement Agency . 17 June 2010 . Ferrers Trophy overall winner – Special Constable Patrick Rarden of City of London Police. Patrick has used his banking skills and experience to help train colleagues and provide invaluable assistance to solve fraud cases. He has also established a new charity called "Waste Not, Want Not" to help feed rough sleepers. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120325204814/http://www.npia.police.uk/en/16125.htm . 25 March 2012 .
  106. Web site: Extract from the Central Register of Charities maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales. 28 December 2007.
  107. Web site: HAC Members. HAC Website. There are two broad classes of memberships available in the HAC, Regimental and Non-Regimental. Regimental Members are either reserve soldiers in the Active Unit of the HAC or Veteran members who have ended their active soldiering, but still enjoy the many benefits of belonging to this unique organisation. Non-Regimental members will have served for at least 2 years in Regular or 3 years in Volunteer units of any of the Armed Services of the Crown or in the Police. They must be proposed and seconded by Regimental members.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081011120816/http://www.hac.org.uk./html/hac-members/. 11 October 2008.
  108. Web site: HAC Journal Article, Spring 2006. Light Cavalry Website. And, of course, a new member of the Company and recruit to the Light Cavalry, Major-General the Duke of Westminster..
  109. HAC Financial Statements and Report of the Court of Assistants for the year ended 31 October 2007
  110. Goold Walker 1986, p. 66
  111. Goold Walker 1986, p. 294
  112. Web site: Court Circular . Windsor Castle . 20 April 2004 . 28 December 2007 . The Queen this morning visited the Light Cavalry of the Honourable Artillery Company in Windsor Great Park and was received by General Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman (Colonel Commandant). Her Majesty subsequently took the Royal Salute and granted a Royal Warrant to the Light Cavalry. . 8 April 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080408101509/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4113.asp?ID=8196 . dead .
  113. Web site: About the Light Cavalry. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170826193316/https://www.hac.org.uk/home/about-the-hac/who-we-are/light-cavalry/light-cavalry/. 26 August 2017. dead.
  114. Goold Walker 1986, p. 65
  115. Goold Walker 1986, p. 138
  116. Web site: Armoury House. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  117. News: Bombs injure 17 in London and off-duty Ulster soldier. The New York Times. 11 June 1990. 28 April 2018.
  118. Web site: IRA terror victim speaks out against Peter King. The 1990 bombing occurred when Parker was at the 21st birthday of a friend at the hall of the Honourable Artillery Company in London, a space frequently rented out for social events.. 7 January 2011.
  119. Web site: Hire The HAC (Honourable Artillery Company). 2020-09-30. The HAC.
  120. Web site: Finsbury Barracks. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  121. Web site: Honourable Artillery Company Pavilion. A half-timbered Tudor style shooting lodge, with tiled roof and leaded windows. Familiarly known as the Bisley Hut, the shooting lodge was funded by donations, including some in memory of the fallen. These include a donation from the architect B de C Jackson in memory of his brother Martin killed in action in 1916 and donations from widows and female relatives. The Journal of the Honourable Artillery Company records that 'two members have endowed cubicles in memory of a friend or relation who gave his life'. Inside, the fireplace was donated in memory of Dermot O'Brien who was killed in 1917 and the panelling was donated in memory of Captain Tatham who was killed in 1914..
  122. Web site: Sports and Societies . Honourable Artillery Company . 3 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220523174247/https://hac.org.uk/what-we-do/sports-and-societies . 23 May 2022 . English . live.
  123. Web site: Pencelli Estate. Honourable Artillery Company. 26 August 2017.
  124. Goold Walker 1986, p. 80
  125. Goold Walker 1986, p. 103
  126. Goold Walker 1986, p. 109
  127. Goold Walker 1986, p. 120
  128. Goold Walker 1986, p. 151
  129. Goold Walker 1986, p. 214
  130. Goold Walker 1986, p. 222
  131. Goold Walker 1986, p. 229
  132. Goold Walker 1986, p. 245
  133. Goold Walker 1986, p. 263
  134. Goold Walker 1986, p. 300
  135. Goold Walker 1986, p. 352
  136. Web site: Further Military Appointments for Members of the Royal Family. The Royal Family. 11 August 2023. 11 August 2023.
  137. Goold Walker 1986, p. 262
  138. News: Obituaries – General Sir Richard Trant. https://web.archive.org/web/20080408003730/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F10%2F19%2Fdb1901.xml. dead. 8 April 2008. The Daily Telegraph. 20 October 2007. 22 October 2007. London.
  139. News: Buckingham Palace. The Times. 2 March 2019. 7 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107023153/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/february-28-083zm2z9f. dead.
  140. News: February 28. The Times. 2019-03-01. 2019-07-17. en. 0140-0460. 7 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107023153/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/february-28-083zm2z9f. dead.
  141. Web site: Major Tom Addington . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/army-obituaries/8929223/Major-Tom-Addington.html . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live. The Daily Telegraph. London. 1 December 2011. Major Tom Addington, who has died aged 92, was an outstanding all-rounder: sportsman, Commando, paratrooper and horse gunner, he was awarded an MC in the Netherlands. In the winter of 1944–45, Addington was a battery captain with 13th Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).
  142. Web site: Tributes paid to 'wonderful' Jock. He played for Celtic between 1942 and 1947, including a goal from 25 yards on his debut at Parkhead, and featured in four Old Firm' games. However, his appearances were few and faw between after he was conscripted to the Honourable Artillery Company....
  143. Web site: Where's Kev?. Ski XClub of Great Britain. Blind daredevil Kevin Alderton, sponsored by the Ski Club of Great Britain, has set the first ever Blind Speed Ski World Record at the 'Flying Kilometre' in Les Arcs, France, with a remarkable speed of 100.94 mph, in 2.21 seconds, over a distance of 1 kilometre!. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110614105122/http://www.skiclub.co.uk/skiclub/news/story.aspx?storyID=3773. 14 June 2011.
  144. Web site: Supplement to the London Gazette . 24 July 2012.
  145. Web site: Major General Denis Beckett – obituary . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/08/28/major-general-denis-beckett--obituary/ . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Daily Telegraph. London . 2016-08-28 . 2016-12-23.
  146. Web site: J.N. Houterman . British Army Officers 1939–1945 – B . Unithistories.com . 2016-12-23.
  147. Page 62, 5 March 1915 Edition, The War Illustrated A WW1 Pictorial Record of the Conflict of the Nations, Edited By J A Hammerton
  148. Web site: At the Trough. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110517191756/http://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2009/11/at-the-trough/. 17 May 2011.
  149. Book: Famous 1914–1918. Richard . Van Emden . Vic . Piuk . Pen & Sword . 2009. 978-1848841970.
  150. Web site: Lives remembered: Lord Denham, Anne Rice. The Times. 15 December 2021.
  151. Web site: Unit Histories: 1st British Airborne Division Arnhem, September 1944. 2009-07-26.
  152. Web site: James Carreras. IMDb. 31 March 2021.
  153. News: 2 December 2013 . Leo Cooper – obituary . The Telegraph . 2019-03-19 .
  154. Lives of the First World War, Private John Paton Laurie
  155. HAC.org, Some notable members in WWI
  156. Web site: Defence Reforms – Thursday 17 October 2013 – Hansard – UK Parliament. hansard.parliament.uk.
  157. News: Obituary. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/2684313/Colonel-Charles-Greenwood.html . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live. The Daily Telegraph. Young Charles was educated at Haileybury before working for a firm of stock jobbers in the City. He then had a spell with Unilever. He joined the Honourable Artillery Company in 1936 and the Supplementary Reserve in 1939 as a gunner officer. . London . 4 September 2008 . 4 May 2010 .
  158. News: Sir Edward Heath . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1494246/Sir-Edward-Heath.html . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Telegraph . 18 July 2005. 25 August 2018.
  159. News: The Daily Telegraph. London. Colonel Robert Hunter obituary . 24 March 2016 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12202380/Colonel-Robert-Hunter-obituary.html . 12 January 2022 . subscription . live.
  160. Web site: LGen AB Leslie OMM, MSC, MSM, CD . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120125034316/http://www.rcamuseum.com/English/Great%20Gunners/lesliea.htm . 25 January 2012 .
  161. News: Obituaries – Major David Liddell . The Daily Telegraph. 5 May 2008 . 6 May 2008. In 1937 he joined Chandler Hargreaves Whittall & Co, Lloyds brokers, and enlisted in the Honourable Artillery Company. On the outbreak of war Liddell transferred to the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). . London .
  162. Web site: National Archives New Document Release .
  163. Web site: Vincenzo Lunardi – First man to navigate the skies over England.
  164. Web site: Private Papers Collection at the Honourable Artillery Company. 14 August 2011. 2 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110902234955/http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=7230&inst_id=84&nv1=search&nv2=. dead.
  165. Book: Darwin By Adrian Desmond . 978-0140131925 . 17 May 2014. Desmond . Adrian . Moore . James R. . 29 October 1992 . Penguin Books Limited .
  166. Web site: 9 August 2008 . Olympians at War .
  167. Web site: Hugh Pritchard Biathlete.co.uk . 2 January 2008 .
  168. Page 4, Regimental Fire, A History of the HAC in World war II, Author: Brigadier RF Johnson
  169. Web site: Sir Marmaduke Roydon. British Civil War Project. 15 May 2022.
  170. News: Patrick Shovelton . 29 March 2012 . The Daily Telegraph. London . A scholar at both Charterhouse and Keble College, Oxford, Shovelton joined up on graduating in 1940. He served in the Royal Artillery and the Honourable Artillery Company, then in 1945 was appointed deputy assistant adjutant-general at the War Office..
  171. News: John Talbot – Obituary . The Daily Telegraph. 13 July 2009 . In this action Corporal Sidney "Basher" Bates won a posthumous Victoria Cross. Talbot's own comrades remember his imperturbability – "unshakeable even in the most alarming situations" – a valuable quality in war. The citation for the award of an MC paid tribute to the skill and courage with which he pushed forward with his signallers and broke up a series of determined counter-attacks. . London . 4 May 2010 .
  172. Book: Piper, Leonard . The Tragedy of Erskine Childers . Hambledon Continuum. 2006 . London . 39–42 . 1-84725-020-3 .
  173. Web site: He Dipped His Pen in Vitriol . Cricket Web . 2020-04-22.
  174. Web site: Affiliations. 31 March 2021.
  175. Pg 144, Honourable Artillery Company Journal, Vol 89, No 483, Autumn 2012
  176. Web site: Cadet scheme helps inner city school.
  177. Web site: Cadets. HAC. en-gb. 2020-04-23.

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