Honor killing in the United States explained

Several honor killings have been documented in the United States., there is no central agency that collects data across all jurisdictions in regards to honor violence in the United States. There is reluctance among some organizations to label events as honor killings to avoid stigmatizing Muslim and Arab cultures.[1]

Background

Around 2017, City University of New York John Jay College of Criminal Justice professor Ric Curtis led a team that analyzed honor killing statistics from Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom and made a proxy estimate for the United States based on that, resulting in an estimated 23–27 annual honor killings in the U.S. In 2017 Jesse Singal of New York Magazine wrote "there’s effectively no evidence that honor killings are common at all, according to one of the only (if not the only) studies attempting to estimate how prevalent that crime is."[2] Executive Order 13769 "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States" stated that the U.S. federal government would collect information on honor killings committed by foreigners resident in the U.S.

In 2012, Zuhdi Jasser of the think tank American Islamic Forum for Democracy argued that honor killings were a phenomenon in the U.S. that needs to be investigated.[3] In 2015, senior fellow of Center for Advanced Studies on Terrorism, Farhana Qazi, stated that the actual number of honor killings was higher than the reported statistics due to a reluctance to embarrass relatives of the deceased.[4]

In 2014, the research corporation Westat released a study on honor killings and violence entitled "Honor Violence Measurement Methods". The study was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Justice, and it identified four types of honor violence: honor killings, honor-based domestic violence, forced marriage, and female genital mutilation. The report estimated that 23–27 honor killings took place in the United States each year.[5]

Instances

Tina Isa

See main article: article and Murder of Tina Isa. In 1989 in St. Louis, Missouri, sixteen-year-old Palestina (Tina) Isa was murdered by her Palestinian father, Zein Isa, with the aid of her Brazilian mother, Maria Isa, a former Roman Catholic who had converted to Islam. Their daughter listened to American popular music such as dance, rap, R&B, and rock. After learning that Palestina had taken a part-time job without her parents' permission, and dated an African American man, her father felt she had become too modernized. On the day of her murder, Zein repeatedly stabbed his daughter, while her mother Maria held her down.[6] On December 20, 1991,[7] both Zein and Maria Isa were convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. Zein died from complications of diabetes on February 17, 1997. Maria Isa's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment without parole; she died on April 30, 2014, in a Vandalia, Missouri, prison at the age of 70.[8]

Amina and Sarah Said

See main article: article and Yaser Abdel Said. Amina and Sarah Said were the children of an Egyptian immigrant father Yaser Abdel Said and a United States-born mother, Patricia "Tissie" Said (Owens). Both girls were born in Dallas, Texas: Amina on March 2, 1989, and Sarah on March 16, 1990. The girls were found shot to death in a taxi at the Omni Mandalay Hotel in Irving, Texas, on January 1, 2008. Both girls had left their home in Lewisville, Texas, earlier that evening with their father. At 7:33 p.m., a call came into the Irving Police Department's 911 call center. The call was from Sarah Said; she had been shot nine times and told the operator, "My dad shot me and my sister. I'm dying!" Their mother, Patricia Said, claimed that both girls were killed for having non-Muslim boyfriends. Death threats had been made by Yaser against the girls. They ran away and were safe, but their mother brought them back.

Yaser Abdel Said was an FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive, and the FBI offered a $100,000 reward[9] for information leading to his arrest.[10] [11] Said was featured on America's Most Wanted as well as on a Fox News special about honor killings in the United States.[12] Said was captured at age 63 on August 26, 2020, after being on the run for more than a dozen years.[13] Said was convicted in 2022 of capital murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Sandeela Kanwal

See main article: article and Sandeela Kanwal. On 6 July 2008, Sandeela Kanwal was murdered by her father, Chaudhry Rashid, in what was widely considered an honor killing.[14] Kanwal's father attempted to justify the honor killing using a common patriarchal pretext. Jamie Tarbay of NPR News reported that when authorities arrived at the crime scene, her father was very nonchalant concerning his actions.[15]

Aasiya Zubair

In February 2009, Muzzammil Hassan was arrested and charged with murdering his estranged wife Aasiya Zubair with a knife. He was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison.

The Council on American-Islamic Relations and the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) responded with an "Open Letter to Muslim Leaders", expressing shock and sadness at the murder, condemning domestic violence, and calling on imams and Muslim leaders to "provide support and help to protect the victims of domestic violence" and "to never second-guess a woman who comes to us indicating that she feels her life to be in danger."[16] Imam Mohamed Hagmagid Ali, vice-president of ISNA, stated: "This is a wake up call to all of us, that violence against women is real and cannot be ignored. It must be addressed collectively by every member of our community."[17]

Noor Almaleki

See main article: article and Murder of Noor Almaleki.

Faleh Hassan Almaleki, an Iraqi immigrant, used his vehicle to strike and kill his daughter Noor Almaleki (aged 20) in a Phoenix valley parking lot in October 2009. He also severely injured her boyfriend's mother, Amal Khalaf. Police said Almaleki told detectives and witnesses after the October 2009 incident that he was angry at his daughter because she was "too Westernized," defying Iraqi and Muslim values. Noor had shunned an arranged marriage to a first cousin in Iraq, and was living with her boyfriend and his mother, police said. Earlier, she had insisted on driving and crashed the family van. County prosecutor Laura Reckart said an enraged Almaleki hid in the parking lot waiting for her and her boyfriend's mother and then "revved and raced that car right into them." Following his daughter's death, Almaleki fled to Mexico and later to London, where he was taken into custody upon his arrival.[18]

After four days of deliberation, the six-man, six-woman jury at Maricopa County Superior Court convicted him of second-degree murder. The jury also convicted him of aggravated assault for crashing his vehicle into Khalaf, and two further counts of hit-and-run. Subsequently, Almaleki was sentenced to 34 ½ years in prison.[19]

Gelareh Bagherzadeh and Coty Beavers

See main article: Ali Irsan. Jordanian-American Ali Mahmood Awad Irsan was sentenced to death in a Texas court on August 14, 2018, for the murders of Gelareh Bagherzadeh and Coty Beavers in Greater Houston.[20] Bagherzadeh, an Iranian-American, had encouraged Irsan's daughter Nesreen to renounce Islam and to convert to evangelical Christianity. Beavers, who was also an evangelical Christian,[21] was Nesreen's husband.[22]

American Muslim community response

Leaders of the American Muslim community have condemned the practice. Members of the Council on American-Islamic Relations have condemned all honor killings as well as specific incidents.[23] Many Muslim leaders in the US say that Islam does not promote honor killings and that the practice stems from sexism and tribal behavior that predates the religion. "You're always going to get problems with chauvinism and suppressing vulnerable populations and gender discrimination," says Salam Al-Marayati, executive director of the Muslim Public Affairs Council.[24]

In February 2009, after the high-profile killing of Aasiya Zubair, Muslim leaders began a nationwide, unified effort entitled "Imams Speak Out: Domestic Violence Will Not Be Tolerated in Our Communities," asking all imams and religious leaders to discuss domestic violence in their weekly sermon or their Friday prayer services.[25] The group, "Muslim Men Against Domestic Violence",[26] was founded soon after the murder.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Dahl, Julia. "Honor killing" under growing scrutiny in the U.S.. CBS News. 2012-04-05. 2019-12-06. And if international data is bad,[...] state agency attempts to collect data on any kind of "honor" violence, including murders.[...] But the very notion [of honor killings in the U.S.] spark[s] ... anti-Muslim sentiment..
  2. Web site: Singal, Jesse . Jesse Singal . Here's What the Research Says About Honor Killings in the U.S. . . 2017-03-06 . 2019-12-06.
  3. News: Jasser . M. Zuhdi . Zuhdi Jasser . 2012-03-05 . Muslim women face threat in U.S. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120415193240/https://www.usatoday.com/USCP/PNI/Editorial/2012-03-05-PNI0305opi-jasser-NEWPNIBrd_ST_U.htm . 2012-04-15 . 2023-09-13 . . USA Today.
  4. Web site: McKay . Hollie . Hollie McKay . Honor killing in America: DOJ report says growing problem is hidden in stats . Fox News. 2015-11-10 . 2020-01-21.
  5. Web site: Report on Exploratory Study into Honor Violence Measurement Methods - Appendixes Office of Justice Programs . 2022-04-01 . www.ojp.gov.
  6. Web site: Smith. Erika Lyn. Tina Isa America's Honor Killing. Bella Online. 2010-09-02.
  7. News: Missouri Couple Sentenced to Die In Murder of Their Daughter, 16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121107121632/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/20/us/missouri-couple-sentenced-to-die-in-murder-of-their-daughter-16.html . November 7, 2012 . dead . November 7, 2023 . . December 20, 1991.
  8. Web site: Woman convicted of killing her daughter dies in prison. FOX2now.com. May 2014 .
  9. Web site: FBI—New Top Ten Fugitive: Help Us Find a Murderer. FBI. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152247/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2014/december/new-top-ten-fugitive-help-us-find-a-murderer/. 2016-03-05.
  10. News: Whitley . Glenna . American Girls . https://web.archive.org/web/20080709204405/http://www.dallasobserver.com/2008-06-19/news/american-girls/ . 2008-07-09 . dead . 1 October 2022 . . June 19, 2008.
  11. News: Reward offered for Lewisville cabbie wanted in daughters' deaths. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141208210304/http://www.dallasnews.com/news/crime/headlines/20131219-reward-offered-for-lewisville-cabbie-wanted-in-daughters-deaths.ece . December 8, 2014 . November 7, 2023. The Dallas Morning News.
  12. Web site: Mother Of Slain Girls Wants Justice For Daughters . 2010-10-26 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100217034943/http://cbs11tv.com/local/said.sisters.murder.2.1191394.html . 2010-02-17 .
  13. Web site: Father on FBI's most wanted list captured . . 2 September 2020 . 27 August 2020.
  14. Web site: Man Accused Of Killing Daughter For Family Honor . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417162139/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99616128 . 2023-04-17 . live .
  15. Web site: Tarabay . Jamie . Jamie Tarabay . January 26, 2009 . Man Accused Of Killing Daughter For Family Honor . September 12, 2023 . NPR.org.
  16. News: Prelude to Murder. The Daily Beast. 23 February 2009 . Nomani . Asra Q. . Asra Nomani .
  17. Web site: Responding to the Killing of Aasiya Hassan: An Open Letter to the Leaders of American Muslim Communities | ISNA . 2011-11-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111103165138/http://www.isna.net/articles/News/RESPONDING-TO-THE-KILLING-OF-AASIYA-HASSAN-AN-OPEN-LETTER-TO-THE-LEADERS-OF-AMERICAN-MUSLI.aspx . 2011-11-03 .
  18. News: Jury Convicts Iraqi Immigrant in 'Honor Killing' of Daughter. aolnews.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110921214212/http://www.aolnews.com/2011/02/22/jury-convicts-iraqi-immigrant-faleh-hassan-almaleki-in-honor-ki/. 2011-09-21.
  19. News: Iraqi guilty of murder in daughter's honor killing. Reuters. 22 February 2011 .
  20. News: Rogers, Brian. Jury delivers death sentence for Jordanian immigrant convicted of two Houston-area 'honor killings'. Houston Chronicle. 2018-08-14. 2018-09-09.
  21. News: Rogers, Brian. Wife testifies her husband confessed to pulling the trigger in one of two Houston-area 'honor killings'. Houston Chronicle. 2018-06-18. 2018-09-09.
  22. News: Malisow, Craig . Authorities Say Ali Irsan Stole Out of Greed and Murdered Out of Honor . deviated . https://web.archive.org/web/20150722092435/https://www.houstonpress.com/news/authorities-say-ali-irsan-stole-out-of-greed-and-murdered-out-of-honor-7478280 . July 22, 2015 . . 2015-06-02 . 2018-09-09.
  23. Web site: CAIR Condemns Domestic Violence Incident. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/8W1ZhKV_okM . 2021-12-20 . live. YouTube.
  24. News: 'Honor killings' in USA raise concerns . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100117085443/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-11-29-honor-killings-in-the-US_N.htm . 2010-01-17 . Dorell . Oren . . 2023-09-13.
  25. Web site: American Muslims Call to Action to End Domestic Violence. startribune.com.
  26. Web site: Muslim Men Against Domestic Abuse. mmada.org.