| Hongkou | |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Image Map1: | Hongkou in Shanghai.svg |
| Map Caption1: | Hongkou in Shanghai |
| Mapsize1: | 280px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name1: | Shanghai |
| Area Total Km2: | 23.48 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Total: | 757,498 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| S: | 虹口区 |
| T: | 虹口區 |
| P: | Hóngkǒu Qū |
| Lmz: | ghon1 kheu2 chiu1 |
| Psp: | Hongkew |
| Order: | st |
Hongkou (; formerly spelled Hongkew) is a district of Shanghai, forming part of the northern urban core. It has a land area of 23.48km2 and a population of 757,498 as of 2020.[1] The district borders Yangpu to the east, Pudong to the southeast, Huangpu to the southwest, Jing'an to the west and Baoshan to the north.
It is the location of the Astor House Hotel, Broadway Mansions, Lu Xun Park, and Hongkou Football Stadium. It was once known as Shanghai's "Little Tokyo." Hongkou is home to the Shanghai International Studies University, the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and the 1933 Old Millfun.
During the Tang dynasty, the area in modern Hongkou District may have been a beach included in a seawall (捍海塘) near the East China Sea. In the early Ming dynasty, it became known as 黃埔口 (Huangpukou) or 洪口 (Hongkou), as there is a river mouth debouched into the Huangpu River, in the early Qing dynasty, it was renamed as 虹口 (Hongkou).[2]
In 1845, an American bishop W. J. Boone bought an area of land there, and it later evolved into the American Concession in Shanghai in 1848 and merged into the International Concession in 1863, it was in large part reduced to rubble during the Second World war when Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese.[3] 20,000 Ashkenazi Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe lived in an overcrowded square-mile section known to as the Shanghai Ghetto, in the Tilanqiao neighborhood of Hongkew.[4]
In 1947, it was renamed as Hongkou District.
Hongkou is responsible for the administration of the following subdistricts.
| Name | Chinese (S) | Shanghainese Romanization | Population (2010)[5] | Area (km2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese: 欧阳路街道 | Ōuyánglù Jiēdào | oe yan lu ka do | 73,328 | 1.67 | ||
| Chinese: 曲阳路街道 | Qūyánglù Jiēdào | chioq yan lu ka do | 102,564 | 3.05 | ||
| Chinese: 广中路街道 | Guǎngzhōnglù Jiēdào | kuaon tzon lu ka do | 122,669 | 2.89 | ||
| Chinese: 嘉兴路街道 | Jiāxìnglù Jiēdào | cia ka xin lu ka do | 125,634 | 2.63 | ||
| Chinese: 凉城新村街道 | Liángchéng Xīncūn Jiēdào | lian zen sin tsen ka do | 98,094 | 3.14 | ||
| Chinese: 四川北路街道 | Sìchuānběilù Jiēdào | sy tseu poq lu ka do | 87,401 | 2.33 | ||
| Chinese: 提篮桥街道 | Tílán qiáo Jiēdào | tiq leh djio ka do | 113,751 | 2.36 | ||
| Chinese: 江湾镇街道 | Jiāngwānzhèn Jiēdào | kaon ue tzen ka do | 129,035 | 4.17 |
Previously Lianhua Supermarket had its Shanghai office in the district.[6]
Russian Consulate School in Shanghai is a Russian overseas primary school operated by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, located on the grounds of the Consulate-General of Russia in Shanghai in Hongkou District.[7]
Hongkou is currently served by five metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro: