1995 Hong Kong legislative election explained

Election Name:1995 Hong Kong legislative election
Country:Hong Kong
Flag Image:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1991 Hong Kong legislative election
Previous Year:1991
Previous Mps:List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members elected in 1991
Next Election:1996 Hong Kong provisional legislative election
Next Year:1996 (Provisional)
Seats For Election:All 60 seats to the Legislative Council
Majority Seats:31
Election Date:17 September 1995
Registered:2,572,124 34.18%
Turnout:920,567 (35.80%)
Elected Mps:members elected
Leader1:Martin Lee
Alliance1:Pro-democracy camp
Party1:Democratic Party (Hong Kong)
Leaders Seat1:Hong Kong Island East
Last Election1:16 seats, 52.35%
Seats1:19
Seat Change1:4
Popular Vote1:385,428
Percentage1:42.26%
Leader3:Jasper Tsang
Alliance3:Pro-Beijing camp
Party3:Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong
Leaders Seat3:Kowloon Central
Last Election3:New party
Seats3:6
Seat Change3:5
Popular Vote3:142,801
Percentage3:15.66%
Leader2:Allen Lee
Party2:Liberal Party (Hong Kong)
Alliance2:Pro-Beijing camp
Leaders Seat2:New Territories Northeast
Last Election2:New party
Seats2:10
Seat Change2:5
Popular Vote2:15,126
Percentage2:1.64%
Leader4:Frederick Fung
Alliance4:Pro-democracy camp
Party4:Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
Leaders Seat4:Kowloon West
Last Election4:1 seat, 4.44%
Seats4:4
Seat Change4:3
Popular Vote4:87,072
Percentage4:9.55%
Swing4:5.11pp
Leader5:Ambrose Lau
Alliance5:Pro-Beijing camp
Party5:Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
Leaders Seat5:Election Committee
Last Election5:New party
Seats5:1
Seat Change5:1
Popular Vote5:25,964
Percentage5:2.85%
Swing5:N/A
Leader6:Hu Fa-kuang
Alliance6:Pro-Beijing camp
Party6:Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong
Leaders Seat6:Did not stand
Last Election6:3 seats, 5.16%
Seats6:1
Popular Vote6:11,572
Percentage6:1.27%
Swing6:3.99pp
Party control
Before Election:Liberals
Posttitle:Party control after election
After Election:Pro-democracy camp
Map Size:365px

The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the first, and only, fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected by all District Board members.

In consequence of Governor Chris Patten's constitutional reforms, which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government, the nine newly created functional constituencies enfranchised around 2.7 million new voters. As the tensions between Britain and China went on, Hong Kong became rapidly politicised. Party politics was getting in shape as the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the pro-business Liberal Party, the pro-democracy Democratic Party and the middle-class and professional oriented Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) were set up and filled their candidates in the election.

The pro-democracy forces won another landslide victory after the 1991 Legislative Council elections, sweeping 16 of the 20 directly elected seats in which the Democratic Party alone took 12 directly elected seats. The Democrats returned to the legislature with a total number of 19 seats, far ahead of the Liberal Party's 10, the DAB 6 and the pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood's (ADPL) 4 seats. ADPL young candidate Bruce Liu also defeated DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing in Kowloon Central, along with many other DAB main candidates being defeated by pro-democrats.

The pro-democrats controlled about half of the seats in the legislature and supported moderate Andrew Wong to become President of the Legislative Council. Since Beijing overthrew the promise of "through train" which guaranteed the legislature could travel through 1997 as the reaction to Chris Patten's reform, the legislature lasted for only 21 months and was replaced by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council after the handover of Hong Kong, becoming the only pro-democracy legislature in history.

Background

See main article: 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform. The electoral bases were largely expanded under the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform carried out by the last colonial governor Chris Patten as the last step of democratisation as following:[1]

New nine functional constituencies with much larger eligible electorates was created to broaden the franchise to 2.7 million new voters:

  1. Primary Production, Power and Construction
  2. Textiles and Garment
  3. Manufacturing
  4. Import and Export
  5. Wholesale and Retail
  6. Hotels and Catering
  7. Transport and Communication
  8. Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
  9. Community, Social and Personal Services

Overview

The United Democrats of Hong Kong and the Meeting Point, the two major pro-democracy forces had merged into the Democratic Party in 1994, while the pro-business legislators had formed the Liberal Party in 1993 and the pro-Chinese government politicians established the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), today's largest political party.

Solicitor Ambrose Lau, in the direction of the New China News Agency founded the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance which consisted of mostly pro-business factor of the CCP's united front. Other grassroots leaders were also encouraged by the CCP to stand in the election against the pro-democracy camp.

Succeeding the last election in 1991, Democratic Party, together with other smaller parties, groups and independents in the pro-democracy camp, had another landslide victory again, getting 16 of the 20 geographical constituency seats. Allen Lee, the Chairman of the Liberal Party and the Appointed Member in the LegCo got elected in the geographical constituency direct election. The Chairman of the DAB, Tsang Yok-sing however got defeated by Bruce Liu of pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood in Kowloon Central.

The Government of the People's Republic of China overthrew the promise of the "through train" (letting the members elected in the 1995 election travel safely through 1997 and beyond) and set up the Provisional Legislative Council in 1996, after the proposal package of electoral changes for the 1995 Legislative Council elections that was deemed unconstitutional by the PRC was passed in the Legislative Council.

General outcome

|-! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan=2 colspan=3 |Political Affiliation! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Geographical
constituencies! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Functional
constituencies! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2 |Election
Committee
seats! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2 |Total
seats|-! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats|-| width=1px rowspan=6 style="background-color:LightGreen;border-bottom-style:hidden;"|| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Party |385,428|42.26|12|62,907|14.47|5|2|19|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood |87,072|9.55|2|−|−|1|1|4|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions |−|−|−|42,565|9.79|1|−|1|-| width=1px style="background-color:Black" || style="text-align:left;" |United Ants|18,551|2.03|0|−|−|−|−|0|-| width=1px style="background-color:green" || style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Labour Alliance |−|−|−|33,596|7.73|0|−|0|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Independent and others |66,464|7.29|2|60,602|13.94|3|0|5|-|-style="background-color:LightGreen"| style="text-align:left;" colspan=3 |Total for pro-democracy camp|557,515|61.13|16|199,670|45.93|10|3|29|-|rowspan=7 style="background-color:Pink;border-bottom-style:hidden;"|| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Party |15,216|1.67|1|74,355|17.10|9|0|10|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong |142,801|15.66|2|42,767|9.84|2|2|6|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Progressive Alliance |25,964|2.85|0|–|–|–|1|1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong |11,572|1.27|0|4,986|1.15|0|1|1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions|−|−|−|21,836|5.02|1|−|1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | New Hong Kong Alliance|−|−|−|−|−|1|−|1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Independent and others |90,495|9.92|0|64,499|14.84|4|1|5|-|-style="background-color:Pink"| style="text-align:left;" colspan=3 |Total for pro-Beijing parties|286,048|31.37|3|208,443|41.34|16|5|24|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 | Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions|−|−|−|533|0.12|1|−|1|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |123 Democratic Alliance |−|−|−|−|−|−|1|1|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Civil Force|27,841|3.05|0|–|–|–|0|0|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates|3,979|0.44|0|−|−|−|−|0|-|style="background-color:red"|| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Pioneer|2,594|0.28|0|−|−|−|−|0|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council|−|−|−|262|0.06|0|−|0|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Non-affiliated Independent and others |33,974|3.73|1|25,798|5.93|3|1|5|-|style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="3"|Total (turnout 35.80%)|width="75" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|911,951|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|20|width="75" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|434,706|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|30|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|10|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|60 |}

Seat summary

Result breakdown

Geographical Constituencies

ConstituencyCandidatesAffiliation Votes%
LC1 Hong Kong Island Central1 Peggy Lam Pei14,437 34.67
2 Christine Loh Kung-wai27,19965.33
LC2 Hong Kong Island East1 Choy So-yuk14,11927.37
2 Martin Lee Chu-ming37,45972.28
LC3 Hong Kong Island South1 Cheng Kai-nam29,91047.64
2 Yeung Sum32,87552.36
LC4 Hong Kong Island West1 Huang Chen-ya31,15666.32
2 Guy Lam Kwok-hung3,9798.47
3 Lam Kin-lai11,84525.21
LC5 Kowloon Central1 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing16,69142.94
2 Liu Sing-lee22,18357.06
LC6 Kowloon North-east1 Mak Hoi-wah23,20147.23
2 Chan Yuen-han/FTU25,92252.77
LC7 Kowloon East1 Elsie Tu23,85544.60
2 Szeto Wah29,62755.40
LC8 Kowloon South-east1 Tam Yiu-chung/FTU29,009 49.05
2 Li Wah-ming30,13350.95
LC9 Kowloon South1 Lau Chin-shek/CTU26,82769.86
2 Wong Siu-yee11,572 30.14
LC10 Kowloon South-west1 Helen Chung Yee-fong1,4825.53
2 James To Kun-sun17,73166.17
3 Kingsley Sit Ho-yin2,656 9.91
4 Daniel Wong Kwok-tung4,92918.39
LC11 Kowloon West1 Wong Yin-ping1,778 4.13
2 Frederick Fung Kin-kee28,99667.37
3 Fu Shu-wan12,26428.50
LC12 New Territories Central1 Albert Chan Wai-yip25,30374.79
2 Ng Wai-kwong4,097 12.11
3 Tam Tai-on4,433 13.10
LC13 New Territories North-west1 Zachary Wong Wai-yin21,527 50.07
2 Tang Siu-tong21,470 49.93
LC14 New Territories North1 Cheung Hon-chung17,026 50.07
2 Wong Sing-chi16,978 49.93
LC15 New Territories North-east1 Allen Lee Peng-fei15,216 34.82
2 Law Yuk-kai4,723 10.81
3 Cheung Hok-ming12,256 28.04
4 Cheung Wing-fai11,507 26.33
LC16 New Territories South-east1 Andrew Wong Wang-fat23,66647.83
2 William Wan Hon-cheung11,987 24.23
3 Harold Ko Ping-chung13,828 27.95
LC17 New Territories East1 Lau Kong-wah27,841 41.49
2 Emily Lau Wai-hing39,265 58.51
LC18 New Territories South1 Hui Chiu-fai8,179 22.21
2 Sin Chung-kai26,04870.74
3 Lam Chi-leungPioneer2,594 7.05
LC19 New Territories South-west1 Lee Wing-tat29,80165.35
2 Ting Yin-wah15,798 34.65
LC20 New Territories West1 Chan Wan-sang (NTWRA)6,152 13.21
2 Ho Chun-yan25,25554.23
3 Yim Tin-sang15,166 32.56

Functional Constituencies

ConstituencyCandidatesAffiliation Votes%
A Primary Production,
Power and Construction		11 Tsang Kin-shing11,592 40.93
12 Ho Sai-chu5,366 18.95
13 Poon To-chuen7,493 26.46
14 Tong Yat-chu (NHKA)3,871 13.67
B Textiles and Garments21 Cheng Ming-kit2,638 12.45
22 Leung Yiu-chung (NWSC)10,472 49.44
23 Ng Ching-man (KCO)2,957 13.96
24 Chan Kwok-keung (FTU)5,116 24.15
C Manufacturing31 Chan Ming-yiu4,931 11.21
32 Lee Cheuk-yan/DLA30,51069.38
33 Leung Fu-wah8,535 19.41
D Import and Export41 Henry Tang Ying-yen24,99761.67
42 Kwan Lim-ho (PAS)15,539 38.33
E Wholesale and Retail51 Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee23,357 68.05
52 Wong Kwok-hing10,965 31.95
F Hotels and Catering61 Chiang Sai-cheong (KCO)5,176 28.48
62 Li Hon-shing3,393 18.67
63 Chan Wing-chan5,614 30.89
64 Tommy Cheung Yu-yan3,991 21.96
G Transport and Communication71 Cheng Kai-ming2,324 5.37
72 Miriam Lau Kin-yee14,23332.89
73 Ip Kwok-fun12,055 27.86
74 Cheuk Siu-yee12,617 29.16
75 Cheung Pak-chi2,042 4.72
H Financing, Insurance, Real
Estate and Business Services		81 Ng Kam-chun2,348 3.63
82 Andrew Cheng Kar-foo25,658 39.68
83 Chan Yuk-cheung10,514 16.26
84 Chan Yim-kwong5,771 8.92
85 Tony Chan Tung-ngok1,699 2.63
86 Fung Chi-kin18,674 28.88
I Community, Social and
Personal Services		91 Elizabeth Wong Chien Chi-lien40,64941.75
92 Kwok Yuen-hon14,452 14.84
93 Brian Kan Ping-chee6,290 6.46
94 Michael Siu Yin-yingbgcolor=green DLA33,596 34.50
95 Fan Kwok-wah2,386 2.45
J Commercial (First)201 Paul Cheng Ming-funUncontested
K Commercial (Second)211 Philip Wong Yu-hongUncontested
L Industrial (First)221 James Tien Pei-chunUncontested
M Industrial (Second)231 Ngai Shiu-kitUncontested
N Finance241 David Li Kwok-poUncontested
O Labour (2 seats)251 Lee Kai-ming53333.56
252 Cheng Yiu-tong68443.07
253 John Luk Woon-cheung109 6.86
254 Lee Kwok-keung262 16.50
P Social Welfare261 Law Chi-kwong1,115 64.08
262 Chow Wing-sun625 35.92
Q Tourism271 Hau Suk-kei175 29.76
272 Howard Young41370.24
R Real Estate and Construction281 Ronald Joseph ArculliUncontested
S Financial Services291 Chen Po-sum243 40.10
292 Chim Pui-chung363 59.90
T Medical301 Cecilia Young Yau-yau135 5.39
302 Edward Leong Che-hung2,37194.61
U Education311 Leung Siu-tong4,496 18.69
312 Cheung Man-kwong19,558 81.31
V Legal321 Margaret Ng72354.52
322 Alfred Donald Yap444 33.48
323 Li Wai-ip159 11.99
W Engineering331 Samuel Wong Ping-wai1,38262.70
332 Raymond Ho Chung-tai822 37.30
X Health Services341 Alice Pong Tso Shing-yuk1,116 18.34
342 Michael Ho Mun-ka4,96881.66
Y Accountancy351 Edward Chow Kwong-fai477 22.17
352 Eric Li Ka-cheung1,376 63.94
353 Peter Chan Po-fun299 13.89
Z Architectural, Surveying and
Planning		361 Edward Ho Sing-tinUncontested
Urban Council1 Mok Ying-fanUncontested
Regional Council1 Alan Tam King-wah16 43.24
2 Ngan Kam-chuen21 56.16
Rural1 Lau Wong-fat (Liberal)Uncontested

Election Committee Constituency

CandidatesAffiliation Value of votes
1 Yeung Fuk-kwong (UFSP)0
2 Lee York-fai0
3 Fung Kwong-chung0
4 Lo Suk-ching26
5 Choy Kan-pui (CF)26
6 Cheung Bing-leung26
7 Lau Hon-chuen26
8 Chan Kam-lam26
9 Leung Kwong-cheong0
10 Law Cheung-kwok26
11 Ip Kwok-him26
12 John Tse Wing-ling26
13 David Chu Yu-lin26
14 Yuen Bun-keung0
15 Mark Lin0
16 Louis Leung Wing-on0
17 Yum Sin-ling26
18 Paul Chan Sing-kong0

Notes and References

  1. Book: Loh, Christine. Underground front. 2010. Hong Kong University Press. 9789622099968. 181.
  2. Book: Report on the 1995 Legislative Council General Election. 1995. 34.

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