List of Holocaust memorials and museums explained

A number of organizations, museums and monuments are intended to serve as memorials to the Holocaust, the Nazi Final Solution, and its millions of victims.

Memorials and museums listed by country:

A - D: AlbaniaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBrazilBulgariaCanadaChina (PRC)CroatiaCubaCzech Republic
E - J: Ecuador Estonia FranceGermanyGreeceGuatemalaHungaryIsraelItalyJapan
K - O: LatviaLithuaniaMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorth MacedoniaNorway
P - T: PhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSurinameSwedenTaiwan
U - Z: UkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguay

Other sections:

See alsoNotesReferencesFurther readingExternal links

Albania

• Holocaust memorial, with inscription written in three stone plaques in English, Hebrew, and Albanian: “Albanians, Christians, and Muslims endangered their lives to protect and save the Jews.” (Tirana)^{[1] [2]}

Argentina

• The Holocaust Museum of Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires)^[3]
• National Memorial to the Victims of the Holocaust (Plaza de la Shoá, Buenos Aires)^[4]

Australia

• Adelaide Holocaust Museum and Andrew Steiner Education Centre (Adelaide, South Australia)
• The Jewish Holocaust Centre (Melbourne, Victoria)^[5]
• Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism (Kew, Victoria) Holocaust Memorial^[6]
• Melbourne General Cemetery Holocaust Memorial (Parkville, Victoria)^[7]
• Sydney Jewish Museum (Sydney)^[8]
• Magen Shoah, The Central Synagogue (Sydney)

Austria

• The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial (Vienna)
• Holocaust and Tolerance Center Styria, "House of Names" (Holocaust und Toleranzzentrum Steiermark, Haus der Namen) (Graz)^[9]
• House of Responsibility (Braunau am Inn)
• Mauthausen Concentration Camp Memorial (Mauthausen)^[10]
• Learning and memorial site Charlotte Taitl House (Ried im Innkreis)
• Memorial against war and fascism (Vienna)
• Pogrom Monument
• Memorial to the Jews of Zelem
• Memorial Site Hartheim Castle (Alkoven)

Belarus

• The Pit, Minsk

Belgium

• Kazerne Dossin: Memorial, Museum and Documentation Centre on Holocaust and Human Rights (Mechelen)^[11]
• National Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium (Anderlecht, Brussels)^[12]

Brazil

• Holocaust victims memorial at Rio de Janeiro – Cemitério Israelita do Caju (sephardic) – inaugurated in September 1975
• Holocaust victims memorial at Salvador – Cemitério Israelita da Bahia – inaugurated in 2007
• Holocaust Museum in Curitiba – inaugurated in 2011 (Paraná)
• Memorial of Jewish Immigration and of the Holocaust, São Paulo^[13] – 2011^[14]

Bulgaria

• Jewish Historical Museum (Sofia)^[15]
• Dimitar Peshev Museum (Kyustendil)^{[16] [17]}
• Monument of Gratitude (Plovdiv)^[18]

Canada

• Holocaust Memorial sculpture (Edmonton, Alberta)^[19]
• Sarah and Chaim Neuberger Holocaust Education Centre (Toronto)^[20]
• The Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre (Vancouver, British Columbia)^[21]
• Montreal Holocaust Museum
• Ottawa National Holocaust Monument

China (People's Republic of China)

• Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre (Hong Kong)^[22]
• Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum^[23]
• "Wall of Shanghai List" and Holocaust Memorial statue (Shanghai)^[24]

Croatia

• The Jasenovac Memorial Area (Jasenovac)
• Memorial Centre Lipa Remembers (Lipa, Matulji)

Cuba

• Holocaust Memorial Santa Clara^[25]
• Sephardic Center Holocaust Exhibit (Havana)^[26]

Czech Republic

• Holocaust memorial (Valašské Meziříčí)
• Pinkas Synagogue/Old Jewish Cemetery (Prague)
• The Memorial of Silence ^[27] (Praha–Bubny railway station)
• Theresienstadt concentration camp (Terezín)
• The Memorial to the Holocaust of the Roma and Sinti in Moravia (Hodonín u Kunštátu)
• The Memorial to the Holocaust of the Roma and Sinti in Bohemia (Lety u Písku)

Ecuador

• Casa Museo Trude Sojka (in memory of a Holocaust survivor and artist)^[28]

Estonia

• Holocaust memorial at the site of Klooga concentration camp (Klooga)
• Memorial at the site of Kalevi-Liiva (Jägala)

France

See also: List of French Resistance museums and memorials.

• Maison d'Izieu mémorial des enfants juifs exterminés,^[29] Izieu^[30]
• Centre de la mémoire d'Oradour, Oradour-sur-Glane^[31]
• Holocaust museum^[32] at Drancy internment camp (Mémorial de la Shoah de Drancy)^[33]
• Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation (Paris)
• Mémorial de la Shoah (Paris)
• Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation (Paris)
• Memorial to the patients of the Clermont psychiatric ward^{[34] [35]}
• Memorial at Gurs internment camp^[36]
• Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp memorial^[37]
• Camp des Milles memorial (Aix-en-Provence)^[38]
• Vélodrome d’Hiver memorial (Paris)^[39]
• Memorial Museum to the Children of Vel d'Hiv (Orléans)^[40]
• European Centre of Deported Resistance Members and Struthof Museum at the former Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp^[41]

Germany

• House of the Wannsee Conference https://www.ghwk.de/en/
• Jewish Museum Berlin
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Berlin)
• Memorial to the Homosexuals Persecuted under the National Socialist Regime (Berlin)
• Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism (Berlin)
• (Soest)
• Memorial to the Victims of National Socialist 'Euthanasia' Killings (German: Gedenk- und Informationsort für die Opfer der nationalsozialistischen »Euthanasie«-Morde)^[42]
• Stolperstein – Holocaust memorials all over Germany and in 21 further European countries
• Topf & Söhne – Builders of the Auschwitz Ovens. Museum and Place of Remembrance (Erfurt)
• European Holocaust Memorial (Landsberg am Lech)^[43]
• Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site
• Nordenstadt Memorial
• Wollheim Memorial
• Eckerwald Memorial
• KZ-Transport 1945 Memorial
• Angel of Peace (Mannheim)
• Freight Wagon Memorial
• Forced Laborer Memorial Transit, Nuremberg
• European Holocaust Memorial in Landsberg
• Memorial Neuer Börneplatz
• Concentration Camp Memorial Hailfingen-Tailfingen
• Documentation Centre NS Forced Labor
• Memorial in memory of the burning of books, Berlin
• Memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle
• Jewish Cemetery (Anklam)
• "Dejudaization Institute" Memorial (Eisenach)
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Hanover
• Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial
• DenkOrt Deportationen 1941-1944

Greece

• The Athens Holocaust Memorial, outside the archaeological site of Kerameikos (Athens)^[44]
• Cemetery and Monument for the Victims of the Holocaust – 3rd Cemetery of Athens, Nikea (Piraeus)
• Monument to Young Jews (in memory of young Jews murdered in the Holocaust) – Pafos Square, Athens
• Jewish Museum of Greece – Shoah Exhibit^[45] (Athens)
• Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki – Shoah Exhibit^[46] (Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia)
• Holocaust Museum of Greece,^[47] Thessaloniki (under construction)
• Menorah in flames sculpture commemorating deportation of the Thessaloniki Jews
• Monument of the Victims of the Holocaust in the Jewish Martyrs square^[48] (Rhodes)
• Rhodes Jewish Museum^[49]
• Holocaust Memorial of Corfu (New Fortress Square, Corfu)

Guatemala

• Museum of the Holocaust (Guatemala) - Museo del Holocausto in Guatemala city^[50]

Hungary

• Holocaust Memorial Center, Budapest^[51]
• Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest
• Shoes on the Danube Bank, Budapest
• Emanuel Tree in Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest^[52]

Indonesia

• Indonesia Holocaust Museum,^{[53] [54]} (Tondano)

Israel

• Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority (Jerusalem)
• Beit Terezin (in Kibbutz Givat Haim (Ihud))
• Ghetto Fighters' House (Kibbutz Lohamei HaGeta'ot)^[55]
• Massuah Institute for the Study of the Holocaust (Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak)
• From Holocaust to Revival Museum (Kibbutz Yad Mordechai)^[56]
• Kiryat Białystok Archive and Community Center (Yehud)
• Chamber of the Holocaust (Mount Zion, Jerusalem)
• Ani Ma'amin Holocaust Museum (Jerusalem)
• Forest of the Martyrs (Jerusalem)
• LGBT Memorial to LGBT people persecuted by the Nazis (Tel Aviv)^[57]
• The sculpture garden of Holocaust to resurrection (Karmiel)
• Memorial to the Deportation of Jews from France
• Monument to the children in Yad Vashem (Jerusalem)
• Holocaust and Revival Memorial Sculpture, by Igael Tumarkin (Rabin Square, Tel Aviv)
• Anne Frank Children's Human Rights Memorial, Maaleh Adumim^[58]

Italy

• Memoriale della Shoah (Milan)
• Museo della Deportazione (Prato)
• Shoah Museum (Rome)
• Museo Diffuso della Resistenza Torino (Torino)
• Museum of Italian Judaism and the Shoah (Ferrara)
• Great Synagogue of Rome (Rome)
• Museo Ebraico di Roma (Rome)

Japan

• Holocaust Education Center (Fukuyama, Hiroshima)^[59]
• Tokyo Holocaust Education Resource Center (Tokyo)
• Anne's Rose Church (Nishinomiya, Hyogo)^[60]
• Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum (Tsuruga, Fukui)
• Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall
• Auschwitz Peace Museum (Shirakawa, Fukushima)^[61]

Latvia

• Memorial complex at Rumbula
• Memorial complex at Salaspils
• Museum of Tolerance at the site of Kaiserwald
• Museum "Jews in Latvia"
• Riga Ghetto and Latvian Holocaust museum

Lithuania

• Holocaust Exhibition at the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Vilnius)^[62]
• Ponary Massacre Memorial (Paneriai)^[63]
• Holocaust Memorial in (Šeduva)^[64]
• Ninth Fort Museum and Ninth Fort memorial (Kaunas)^[65]
• Sugihara House (Kaunas)^[66]
• The Green House Holocaust Museum (Vilnius)^[67]

Luxembourg

• Memorial to the victims of the Shoah (Luxembourg City)
• Mémorial de la deportation (Luxembourg City)

Mexico

• The Tuvia Maizel Holocaust Museum,^[68] (Mexico City)

Netherlands

Amsterdam

• The Anne Frank House, Amsterdam.
• The Auschwitz Monument by Jan Wolkers in the Wertheim Park, Amsterdam.
• The Dockworker Monument, Amsterdam.^[69]
• The Dutch National Holocaust Museum, Amsterdam.
• The Hollandsche Schouwburg (Amsterdam).^[70]
• The Homomonument, Amsterdam.
• The Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam.
• Joods Monument (translated name: Jewish Monument, a memorial website).^[71]
• National Holocaust Names Memorial (Holocaust Namenmonument) in Jodenbuurt neighborhood of Amsterdam

Utrecht and Vught

• Camp Vught National Memorial at Herzogenbusch concentration camp.^[72]
• Joods monument (translated name: Jewish Monument) displaying 1200 names near the Railway Museum (former Maliebaan Railway Station), Utrecht.

Westerbork

• The Westerbork camp and information centre (Westerbork).^[73]
• 102,000 Stones Monument (Dutch: De 102.000 stenen) at the former Westerbork transit camp (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork) in Hooghalen, Drenthe, with a stone without a name for each victim.^[74]

Amersfoort

• the polizeiliches durchgangslager Kamp Amersfoort located at the border between Amersfoort and Leusden

New Zealand

• The Holocaust Centre of New Zealand (HCNZ)
• Auckland War Memorial Museum

North Macedonia

• Holocaust Memorial Center for the Jews of Macedonia (Skopje)

Norway

• Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities (Oslo)

Philippines

• Philippine–Israel Friendship Park (Quezon City)^[75]

Poland

• Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, (Oświęcim)
• The Oświęcim Synagogue (Oświęcim)
• Bełżec extermination camp (Bełżec)
• Ghetto Heroes Monument (Warsaw)^[76]
• POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews, (Warsaw)
• Warsaw Ghetto Museum (Warsaw)
• Eagle Pharmacy, (Kraków)
• Lublin Holocaust Memorial
• Radegast train station (Łódź)
• Survivors' Park, (Łódź)
• Treblinka extermination camp, (Treblinka)
• Monument to the Memory of Children - Victims of the Holocaust
• Umschlagplatz Monument, (Warsaw)
• Memorial in Palmiry
• Museum and Memorial in Sobibór^[77]

Portugal

• Holocaust Museum of Oporto

Romania

• Holocaust Memorial,^[78] Bucharest
• Elie Wiesel Memorial House, Sighetu Marmației^[79]
• Memorial to the Victims of the 1941 Pogrom, Bucharest^[80]
• Holocaust Memorial, Târgu Mures^[81]
• Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum,^[82] Şimleu Silvaniei.
• Memorial to the Deported Jews,^[83] Oradea

Russia

• Holocaust Memorial Synagogue, Moscow.
• Russian Research and Educational Holocaust Center,^[84] Moscow.
• Formula of Sorrow monument,^{[85] [86]} Pushkin, Saint Petersburg.
• Memorial plaque to Jewish deportees from Königsberg and East Prussia,^[87] Kaliningrad North Railway Station.
• Memorial to the Victims of Fascism,^[88] Krasnodar.
• Mass murder site monument,^[89] Lyubavichi.
• Ravine of Death memorial stone,^[90] Taganrog.
• Palmnicken massacre monument,^{[91] [92]} Yantarny, Kaliningrad.
• Monument at Vostryakovo Jewish Cemetery,^[93] Moscow.
• Zmievskaya Balka memorial,^[94] Rostov-on-Don.

Serbia

• Menorah in Flames sculpture (Belgrade)^[95]
• Memorial Park Jajinci (Belgrade)
• Banjica concentration camp (Belgrade)
• Jewish Historical Museum (Belgrade)^[96]
• ^[97]
• Miklós Radnóti memorial (Bor)^[98]
• Kladovo transport memorial^[99]
• Šumarice Genocide Memorial Park (Kragujevac)^{[100] [101]}
• Monument to the victims of the Novi Sad raid^[102]
• Bubanj Memorial Park (Niš)
• Crveni Krst concentration camp (Niš)

Slovakia

• Memorial at the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising (Banská Bystrica)^[103]
• Holocaust Memorial (Bratislava)^{[104] [105]}
• Museum of Jewish Culture (Bratislava)^{[106] [107]}
• Holocaust memorial for the Jewish inhabitants of Huncovce^[108]
• Holocaust memorial plaque on the synagogue of Košice^[109]
• Monument and Memorial to the Slovak National Uprising (Nemecká)^[110]
• Memorial to the Victims of the Nováky Forced Labor and Concentration Camp^[111]
• Memorial Plaque to the Deported Jews at Poprad Railway Station^[112]
• Holocaust Memorial at Prešov synagogue^[113]
• Holocaust memorial plaque Prešov town hall^[114]
• Sereď Holocaust Museum^[115]
• Park of Generous Souls^[116]

Slovenia

• Loibl Süd Concentration Camp Memorial^[117]

South Africa

• The Cape Town Holocaust Centre (Cape Town)^[118]
• The Durban Holocaust Centre (Durban)^[119]
• The Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre (Johannesburg)^[120]
• Memorial to the Six Million at Westpark Cemetery (Johannesburg)^[121]

Spain

• Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust (Madrid)^[122]
• Monument to the Victims of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp (Almería)^[123]

Suriname

• Paramaribo Holocaust Memorial Paramaribo^[124]

Sweden

• Swedish Holocaust Museum (Stockholm)
• Monument to the Memory of the Holocaust Victims at the Great Synagogue of Stockholm (Stockholm)^[125]
• Storsjöteatern theatre (Östersund)^[126]

Taiwan

• Holocaust Museum,^[127] Taiwan.

Ukraine

• "Wailing Wall" for the murdered Jews of Bakhmut^[128]
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Chernihiv^[129]
• Memorial to the Roma murdered in the Podusovka forest, near Chernihiv^[129]
• Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, Kyiv
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Kovel at the Bakhiv forest mass murder site.^{[130] [131] [132]}
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Kysylyn at the mass grave site^[133]
• Memorials to the murdered Jews of Lutsk^[134]
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Mariupol^[135]
• Memorial to the Jews of Mukachevo^[136]
• Holocaust Museum in Odesa^{[137] [138]}
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Ostrozhets^[139]
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Pryluky^[140]
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Ratne at the mass graves site^{[141] [142]}
• Memorial site for the murdered Jews of Ostrozhets^[143]
• Memorial to the murdered Jews of Rava-Ruska^{[144] [145]}
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Zhytomyr^{[146] [147]}

United Kingdom

• Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre (National Holocaust Centre and Museum), Nottinghamshire
• Plaque in the churchyard of the Church of St Michael the Greater, Stamford, Lincolnshire
• Holocaust Centre North, at the University of Huddersfield
• Hyde Park Holocaust Memorial, Hyde Park, London
• Holocaust Exhibition, Imperial War Museum, London
• Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide, London
• (Proposed) UK Holocaust Memorial, London

United States

See main article: List of Holocaust memorials and museums in the United States.

Uruguay

• Memorial del Holocausto del Pueblo Judío^[148] (Montevideo)

Uzbekistan

Victory Park, [Tashkent] monument^[149] unveiled in May 2022 to honour Uzbeks who assisted Jewish refugees during World War II. It is sculpted by Victory Park. It was created by Uzbeki [Marina Borodina].

The monument is located in the city's Victory Park

Further reading

• Goldman, Natasha. Memory Passages: Holocaust Memorials in the United States and Germany (Temple University Press, 2022) online book review
• Book: Young . James. E . The texture of memory: Holocaust memorials and meaning . 1993 . Yale University Press . New Haven . 9780300059915.

External links

• Holocaust Memorials — by continents and countries
• Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance
• Global Directory of Holocaust Museums
• Holocaust Memorial Monuments — digital database of Holocaust Memorial Monuments all around the world
• Memorial sites for Sinti and Roma (in German)
• Remembering the Holocaust 24 Hour Museum
• Monuments and Memorials — historical overview
• National Holocaust Memorials — comparison

Notes and References

1. Web site: Albania, only country with more Jews after the Holocaust, inaugurates memorial. 9 July 2020. Llazar. Semini. The Times of Israel.
2. Web site: Holocaust survivor architect designs memorial for Albanians who rescued Jews. 22 August 2020. Josefin. Dolsten. The Times of Israel.
3. Web site: museodelholocausto.org.ar . museodelholocausto.org.ar . 2015-04-21.
4. http://www.clarin.com/cultura/Holocausto-memorial-monumento-victimas-judios-Gustavo_Nielsen_0_1332467129.html Hormigón y objetos rotos para no olvidar a las víctimas del Holocausto, por Susana Reinoso
5. Web site: Jewish Holocaust Centre . Jewish Holocaust Centre. 2012-10-14.
6. Web site: Holocaust Memorial. Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism. 30 March 2015. 5 February 2016.
7. Web site: Jewish Victims of the Holocaust. Monument Australia. 5 February 2016.
8. Web site: Sydney Jewish Museum – Memorials. Sydney Jewish Museum. 5 February 2016.
9. Web site: Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Steiermark (Holocaust and Tolerance Center Styria). Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Stmk. 5 February 2016.
10. Web site: Mauthausen-memorial.at. Mauthausen-memorial.at. 2012-10-14.
11. Web site: Kazerne Dossin. Kazerne Dossin: Museum, Memorial and Documentation Centre on Holocaust and Human Rights . 2020-02-14.
12. Web site: National Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium. Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa . 2019-02-07.
13. Web site: Memorial da Imigração Judaica e do Holocausto . 3 June 2022.
14. Web site: Lott. Diana. First Holocaust Museum to be Inaugurated in São Paulo . Folha de S.Paulo . 2017-11-19 . 2019-01-23.
15. Web site: Jewish Historical Museum. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2019-07-31.
16. Web site: Dimitar Peshev Museum. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2019-07-31.
17. Web site: House-Museum "Dimiter Peshev" . Regional Historical Museum. 2019-07-31.
18. Web site: Monument of Gratitude. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2019-07-31.
19. News: Yom HaShoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day commemorated in Edmonton. 6 May 2016. Edmonton Jewish News. 24 May 2016.
20. Web site: Home – Sarah and Chaim Neuberger – Holocaust Education Centre – UJA Federation of Greater Toronto. www.holocaustcentre.com. 18 March 2018.
21. Web site: VHEC.org . VHEC.org . 2012-10-14.
22. Web site: Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre (香港大屠杀和宽容中心). Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre. 5 February 2016.
23. Web site: Shanghai Jewish Museum – Overview. Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum (上海犹太难民纪念馆). 5 February 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065712/http://www.shanghaijews.org.cn/english/article/?sid=14. 4 March 2016.
24. Web site: "The Wall of Shanghai List" unveiled . Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum . 5 February 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006023355/http://www.shanghaijews.org.cn/english/article/?aid=144 . 6 October 2014 .
25. Web site: Luxner . Larry . Polish stone for Cuba's Shoah memorial . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . 2004-05-03 . 2019-01-24.
26. Web site: Cuba's First Holocaust Exhibit Opens at the Sephardic Center in Havana . USC Press Room . 2011-12-21 . 2019-01-24.
27. Web site: The Memorial of Silence.
28. http://www.trudesojka.museum www.trudesojka.museum
29. Web site: Homepage. Maison d'Izieu. 24 November 2022.
30. http://www.izieu.alma.fr izieu.alma.fr
31. Web site: Centre de la mĂŠmoire d'Oradour . Oradour.org . 2012-10-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110221083612/http://www.oradour.org/ . 2011-02-21 . dead .
32. Web site: The Shoah Memorial in Drancy. 24 November 2022.
33. Web site: The Shoah Memorial in Drancy . Mémorial de la Shoah . 2016. 2020-06-21.
34. Web site: Centre Hospitalier Isarien: Histoire: La guerre 39-45 . Centre Hospitalier Isarien . fr . 2020-06-19.
35. Web site: Memorial to the patients of the Clermont psychiatric ward: Remembrance. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2020-02-03.
36. Web site: Accueil - Gurs. Camp de Gurs . fr . 2020-06-21.
37. Web site: Présentation: Inauguration du Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation. Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation Camp de Royallieu . 2016-02-16 . fr . 2020-06-19.
38. Web site: Les Milles Camp Memorial: Remembrance. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2020-06-19.
39. Web site: Vélodrome d'Hiver: Remembrance. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2020-02-03.
40. Web site: CERCIL – Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret: Remembrance. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2020-06-19.
41. Web site: Natzweiler-Struthof Museum and European Centre of Deported Resistance Members. Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2020-06-19.
42. Web site: Memorial and Information Point for the Victims of National Socialist "Euthanasia" Killings. Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. 4 February 2016.
43. Web site: Landsberg im 20. Jahrhundert: Europäische Holocaustgedenkstätte. www.buergervereinigung-landsberg.org. 24 November 2022.
44. Web site: Smith. Helena. Athens unveils its first Holocaust memorial. The Guardian. 4 February 2016. 9 May 2010.
45. Web site: The Jewish Museum of Greece. 4 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20150907094357/http://www.jewishmuseum.gr/en/exhibitions/permanent_exhibition/fourth_level.html. 2015-09-07. dead.
46. Web site: Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki . 4 February 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160125090209/http://jmth.gr/web/about.htm . 25 January 2016 .
47. Web site: THMM. www.holocausteducenter.gr. 24 November 2022.
48. Web site: The History of the Jewish Community of Rhodes. Jewish Community of Rhodes. 4 February 2016.
49. Web site: Jewish Museum of Rhodes . 4 February 2016.
50. Web site: Official website .
51. Web site: HDKA.hu . Hdke.hu . 2012-10-14.
52. Web site: dohany-zsinagoga.hu. 2022-10-25.
53. Web site: Opening of Indonesian Holocaust Museum Met With Islamist Backlash. thediplomat.com. 24 November 2022.
54. Web site: Melihat Museum Holocaust di Sulut yang Keberadaannya Ramai Ditentang (Visiting a Holocaust museum at North Sulawesi whose its existence were opposed). Detik.com. 5 February 2022. 7 February 2022.
55. Web site: Ghetto Fighters' House Museum .
56. Web site: From Holocaust to Revival Museum. Yad- Mordechai Museum .
57. Web site: Israel city unveils gay Holocaust victims memorial - Houston Chronicle . www.chron.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111021317/http://www.chron.com/news/world/article/Israel-city-unveils-gay-Holocaust-victims-memorial-5130867.php . 2014-01-11.
58. Web site: The Anne Frank Children's Human Rights Memorial.
59. Web site: Holocaust Education Center, Japan. urban.ne.jp . 2020-02-03.
60. Web site: アンネのバラの教会. アンネのバラの教会. 24 November 2022.
61. http://www.am-j.or.jp/index2.htm Auschwitz Peace Museum
62. Web site: Holocaust Exhibition . Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum .
63. Web site: Paneriai Memorial. Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum .
64. Web site: New Holocaust Memorial in Šeduva, Lithuania . Jewish Heritage Europe. June 2015.
65. Web site: Kauno IX forto muziejus .
66. Web site: Sugihara House.
67. Web site: The Green House Holocaust Museum, Vilnius .
68. Web site: CDMX. 24 November 2022.
69. Web site: The Dock Worker Monument: Remberance . Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa . .
70. Web site: Hollandsche Schouwburg: Remembrance . Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa .
71. Web site: Joods Monument. Joods Monument. 24 November 2022.
72. Web site: Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught . Camp Vught National Memorial .
73. Web site: The National Westerbork Memorial . Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork .
74. Web site: Hooghalen, 'De 102.000 stenen' . 4en5mei.nl . . Dutch . 25 April 2023 .
75. Web site: Philippine-Israel Friendship Park unveiled . Embassy of Israel in the Philippines . 28 May 2019 . 19 August 2019.
76. Web site: Ghetto Heroes Memorial: Remembrance . Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa .
77. Web site: Museum of the Former Death Camp in Sobibór . Muzeum Byłego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze . 5 Jan 2021.
78. Web site: Bucharest: Holocaust Memorial . Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa . Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Berlin, Germany. 2019-03-08.
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