Holidays with paid time off in the United States explained

Holiday Name:Public holidays in the United States
Observedby:Federal government
State governments
Local governments
Private and public sector employers
Mdy:yes
Type:National

In the United States there are a number of observed holidays where employees receive paid time off. The labor force in the United States comprises about 62% (as of 2014) of the general population.[1] In the United States, 97% of the private sector businesses determine what days this sector of the population gets paid time off, according to a study by the Society for Human Resource Management. The following holidays are observed by the majority of US businesses with paid time off: New Year's Day, New Year's Eve,[2] Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, the day after known as Black Friday, Christmas Eve and Christmas. There are also numerous holidays on the state and local level that are observed to varying degrees.

Holiday listing as paid time off

This list of holidays is based on the official list of federal holidays by year from the US Government. The holidays however are at the discretion of employers whose statistics are measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Another list from the Society for Human Resource Management shows actual percentages of employers offering paid time off for each holiday. The term "major holiday" (bolded) coincides for those holidays that 90% or more of employers offered paid time off.[3] In 2020, Nike became the first company to mark Juneteenth as a paid holiday.[4]

Date
  • Official name
Percentage of Americans celebrating
    • Percentage of businesses offering paid time off[5]
Remarks
January 1 (fixed)nowrap New Year's Day[6] 72%[7] 96% Celebrates beginning of the Gregorian calendar year. Festivities include counting down to 12:00 midnight on the preceding night, New Year's Eve, often with fireworks display and party. The ball drop at Times Square in New York City has become a national New Year's festivity. Traditional end of Christmas and holiday season.[8]
January 15–21 (3rd Monday) 26%[9] 34–38% Honors Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader, who was actually born on January 15, 1929; combined with other holidays in several states. Some cities and municipalities hold parades; and more recently, the 1994 King Holiday and Service Act, which was passed to encourage Americans to transform the King Holiday into a day of citizen action volunteer service, has gained in popularity (sometimes referred to as a National Day of Service).
January 20 or 21 N/A 0% Celebrates the United States presidential inauguration, every 4 years. While this is a federal holiday, only federal employees in the Washington, DC area are entitled to a day off. Only Washington, DC observes this day besides the federal government.[10]
February 15–21 (3rd Monday) 52%[11] 34–35%Washington's Birthday was first declared a federal holiday by an 1879 act of Congress. The Uniform Holidays Act, 1968, shifted the date of the commemoration of Washington's Birthday from February 22 to the third Monday in February (between February 15 and 21, meaning the observed holiday never falls on Washington's actual birthday). Because of this, combined with the fact that President Lincoln's birthday falls on February 12, many people now refer to this holiday as "Presidents' Day" and consider it a day honoring all American presidents. However, neither the Uniform Holidays Act nor any subsequent law changed the name of the holiday from Washington's Birthday to Presidents' Day.[12]
May 25–31 (last Monday) Memorial Day 21%[13] 95%Honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War onwards; marks the unofficial beginning of the summer season (traditionally May 30, shifted by the Uniform Holidays Act 1968).
June 19 (fixed) 0-12%[14] [15] 17[16] -18%[17] Juneteenth commemorates June 19, 1865, when Union soldiers brought the news of freedom to enslaved Black people in Galveston, Texas — two months after the Confederacy had surrendered. That was also about years after the Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the Southern states.
July 4 (fixed)Independence Day 79% 97% Celebrates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence from British rule, also called the Fourth of July or simply "The Fourth". Fireworks celebration are held in many cities throughout the country.
September 1–7 (1st Monday) Labor Day 53% 95%Celebrates the achievements of workers and the labor movement; marks the unofficial end of the summer season.
October 8–14 (2nd Monday) 8%[18] 13–16%Honors Christopher Columbus, the first European to land in mainland Americas after Leif Erikson. In a growing number of locations this day is observed as Indigenous Peoples' Day, in honor of the Native Americans who lived in the Americas long before Columbus "discovered" the area.
November 11 (fixed)43%[19] 16–21%Honors all veterans of the United States armed forces. It is observed on November 11 to recall the end of World War I on that date in 1918 (major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour (GMT +1) of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 when the Armistice with Germany went into effect).
November 22–28 (4th Thursday)Thanksgiving Day 87%[20] 97% Traditionally celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest. Traditionally includes the sharing of a turkey dinner.
December 25 (fixed)Christmas Day 90–95%[21] [22] 94%The most widely celebrated holiday of the Christian year, Christmas is observed as a commemoration of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.

School holidays

An academic year typically spans from early fall to early summer, with two or three months of summer vacation marking the end of the year. K-12 public schools generally observe local, state, and federal holidays, plus additional days off around Thanksgiving, the period from before Christmas until after New Year's Day, a spring break (usually a week in April) and sometimes a winter break (a week in February or March). Two or three days per year are sometimes devoted to professional development for teachers and students have the day off.

Most colleges and universities divide the school year into two semesters. The fall semester often begins the day after Labor Day in early September and runs until mid-December. The spring semester typically starts in the middle or end of January and runs until May. Winter and summer classes might be offered in January and May–August. Major federal, state, and local holidays are often observed, including the day after and usually before Thanksgiving. Spring break is usually a week in March or early April, and in elementary and secondary school and college party culture traditionally involves a warm-weather trip.

Unscheduled weather-related cancellations and emergency cancellations can also affect school calendars.

When taking summer school or summer camp schedules into account, the Independence Day holiday on July4 is usually a scheduled holiday observance for which the summer program closes.

Government sector holidays: federal, state, and local government

See main article: Federal holidays in the United States. The federal government sector labor force consisted of about 2,729,000 (as of 2014) of the total labor force of 150,539,900, which is about 2% of the total labor force or about 1% of the total population. In addition, state and local governments consist of another 19,134,000 bringing the total government sector employees to about 15% of the total labor force.[24] This sector of the population is entitled to paid time off designated as federal holidays by Congress in Title V of the United States Code . Both federal and state government employees generally observe the same federal holidays.

Federally regulated agencies: banks and financial institutions

US banks generally observe the federal holidays because of their reliance on the U.S. Federal Reserve for certain activities such as wire transfers and ACH transactions.[25] For example, JP Morgan Chase observes all federal holidays except Columbus Day,[26] while U.S. Bank observes all of them.[27]

The New York Stock Exchange also closely follows the federal holidays except for Columbus Day. However, the agency also has extra holidays on the day before Independence Day and Good Friday.

Legal holidays by states and political divisions of the United States

Holidays with paid time off in the United States should not be confused with Tax holiday.

In general, most state governments observe the same holidays that the federal government observes. However, while that is true for most states, every state includes and omits holidays to fit the culture relevant to its population. "All federal holidays" in state observations below excludes Inauguration Day, which is only observed by Washington, DC, and federal employees in that area.

Holiday Number of states observed with government offices closed Remarks
50 These holidays are unanimously observed by the state governments of all 50 states.
45 Signed into law in 1983, but not observed by all states until 2000, with Utah officially observing as a paid state holiday. Five states observe this day using alternate name "Civil Rights Day" or holiday is combined to also honor Robert E. Lee.
Washington's Birthday (Presidents' Day)38[28] Alternatively observed separately as George Washington's or Lincoln's Birthday.
23[29] Fewer than half the states recognize Columbus Day.
18 Observed by Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia.
13[30] Observed by Connecticut, Delaware, Guam, Hawaii, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Puerto Rico, Tennessee and the US Virgin Islands.
12 Observed by Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin
10 Observed by Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island
7 Observed by Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas (formerly observed by Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Virginia)
6 Observed by Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and the US Virgin Islands.
5 Observed by Connecticut, Illinois, Missouri, New Jersey, and New York
4 Observed by Kentucky, Michigan, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Alabama

[31]

Baldwin County, Alabama
Mobile County, Alabama
Perry County, Alabama

[34]

Alaska

[35]

American Samoa

[37]

Arizona

[38]

Arkansas

[40]

California

[42]

California education holidays

[44]

Lincoln's Birthday (February 12) was removed from California's education holiday calendar in 2009.[45]

Berkeley, California

[46]

San Francisco, California

[47]

West Hollywood, California

[48]

Colorado

[49]

Connecticut

[51]

Delaware

[53]

District of Columbia

[55]

Florida

[57] Florida's laws separately defines "paid holidays" versus "legal holidays", which does not have any obligation to include as "paid holidays".

Florida legal holidays

[59] Florida's laws separate the definitions between paid versus legal holidays. The following list shows only the legal holidays that were not defined as "paid holidays":

Florida circuit courts
Miami-Dade, Florida

[60]

Georgia

[61]

Guam

[64]

Hawaii

[65]

Idaho

[67]

Illinois

[70]

Chicago, Illinois

[72]

Indiana

[73]

Iowa

[75]

Kansas

[77]

Kentucky

[80]

Louisiana

[82]

Louisiana courts

[84]

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Maine

[85]

Maryland

[86]

Massachusetts

[87]

Suffolk County, Massachusetts

Michigan

[88]

Minnesota

[89]

Mississippi

[90]

Missouri

[92]

Montana

[93]

Nebraska

[94]

Nevada

[95]

New Hampshire

[96]

New Jersey

[98]

New Mexico

[100]

New York

[101]

New York City Public Schools

[102]

North Carolina

[105]

North Dakota

[107]

Northern Mariana Islands

[108]

Ohio

[109]

Sandusky, Ohio

Oklahoma

[111]

Oregon

[112]

Pennsylvania

[113]

Puerto Rico

[115]

See main article: Public holidays in Puerto Rico.

Rhode Island

[116]

South Carolina

[117]

South Dakota

[118]

Tennessee

[119]

Texas

[120]

Texas has three types of state holidays: those on which all state offices are closed, and "partial staffing" and "optional" holidays on which offices are open but with reduced staffing.

The following days are full holidays where all state offices are closed:

Texas partial staffing holidays

Texas law designates that the state businesses be "partially staffed" on the following holidays. These holidays can be replaced with an optional holiday per the state employee's choice, but will give up one of these in lieu of the optional holiday.

Texas optional holidays

Texas law allows a state employee to replace a partial staffing holiday with one of the following holidays. On these holidays, the state agency is generally required to stay open with minimum staff.

U.S. Virgin Islands

[121]

See main article: Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands.

Utah

[122]

Vermont

[123]

Virginia

[124]

Wake Island

Washington

[128]

West Virginia

[129]

Wisconsin

[130]

Wisconsin Public School Observance Days

[131] Wisconsin's public schools are obligated to observe the 21 days designated by Wisconsin Statute section 118.02 on the designated day unless the day falls on Saturday or Sunday, in which case would move the observance to either the preceding Friday or following Monday. The statutes require the public schools to include instruction relating to the holidays. In this list of holidays, all schools remain open.

Wyoming

[132]

Federal holidays at the state level

While most federal holidays are observed at the state level, some of these holidays are observed with different names, are observed on different days, or completely not observed in some states of the United States. a. For example, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is known officially as Martin Luther King, Jr./Civil Rights Day in Arizona,[134] and New Hampshire,[135] Birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Florida,[136] and Maryland,[137] Martin Luther King Jr. / Idaho Human Rights Day in Idaho,[138] Robert E. Lee/Martin Luther King Birthday in Alabama, and Martin Luther King's and Robert E. Lee's Birthdays in Mississippi.[139] b. Washington's Birthday is known officially as President's Day in Alaska,[140] California,[141] Hawaii,[142] Idaho, Maryland, Nebraska,[143] New Hampshire, Tennessee,[144] Washington,[145] West Virginia,[146] and Wyoming,[147] Washington-Lincoln Day in Colorado (CRS 24-11-101),[148] Ohio,[149] Lincoln/Washington/Presidents' Day in Arizona, George Washington's Birthday and Daisy Gatson Bates Day in Arkansas,[150] Presidents' Day in Hawaii, Massachusetts,[151] New Mexico,[152] North Dakota,[153] Oklahoma,[154] South Dakota,[155] Texas,[156] and Vermont,[157] Washington's Birthday/President's Day in Maine,[158] Presidents Day in Michigan,[159] Minnesota,[160] Nevada,[161] New Jersey,[162] and Oregon,[163] Lincoln's and Washington's Birthday in Montana,[164] Washington and Lincoln Day in Utah,[165] and George Washington Day in Virginia.[166] The day after Thanksgiving is observed in lieu of Columbus Day in Minnesota.[160] Columbus Day is listed as a state holiday in New Hampshire although state offices remain open.[135] President's Day, Good Friday (11am–3pm), Juneteenth Day (June 19), Columbus Day, Veteran's Day, Partisan Primary Election Day, and General Election Day are listed as a state holiday in Wisconsin although state offices remain open.[167] [168]

Legal holidays observed nationwide

See also

Notes and References

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  109. Web site: Ohio.gov | Official Website of the State of Ohio. Ohio.gov. January 14, 2022.
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  114. Web site: Pennsylvania 811. Pa1xall.org. January 14, 2022.
  115. Web site: Puerto Rico Public Holidays. Puertorico.com. January 14, 2022.
  116. Web site: Civics And Education - Rhode Island - Nellie M. Gorbea. Sos.ri.gov. January 14, 2022.
  117. Web site: South Carolina Holiday Leave. Admin.sc.gov. January 14, 2022.
  118. Web site: Boards & Commissions under the direction of the South Dakota Department of Labor & Regulation. Dlr.sd.gov. January 14, 2022.
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  125. News: Virginia governor makes Election Day a holiday and expands early voting. Paul. LeBlanc. CNN. April 12, 2020. May 23, 2020.
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  127. Web site: Air Force members celebrate Thai New Year and Water Festival at Wake Island . Captain Anastasia Schmidt . 11th Air Force Public Affairs . April 19, 2017 . Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson . April 20, 2017.
  128. Web site: State holiday schedule | Washington Department of Revenue. Dor.wa.gov. January 14, 2022.
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  139. Web site: State Holidays in Mississippi. Mississippi Secretary of State. January 16, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140625101840/http://www.sos.ms.gov/education_and_publications_holidays.aspx. June 25, 2014.
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  143. Web site: Holiday Schedule. State of Nebraska. Nebraska Department of Administrative Services Personnel Division. January 16, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120118080029/http://www.das.state.ne.us/personnel/holidayschedule.htm. January 18, 2012.
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  145. Web site: State holiday schedule. State of Washington. Washington State Department of Revenue, however contrary to this reference, Washington law RCW 1.16.050 establishes usage as Presidents' Day. January 16, 2012.
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  148. Web site: Colorado Revised Statute 24-11-101 Legal holidays – effect. via LexisNexis. February 18, 2014.
  149. Web site: Ohio Revised Code 1.14. State of Ohio. January 16, 2012.
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  152. Web site: Official State Holidays. New Mexico State Treasurer's Office. January 16, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323151801/http://www.nmsto.gov/AboutTheTreasurersOffice/OfficialStateHolidays. March 23, 2012.
  153. Web site: State Holidays, Office of State Tax Commissioner, Tax Department, North Dakota. nd.gov. September 3, 2015.
  154. Web site: Holidays for State Employees. State of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management. January 16, 2012.
  155. Web site: Schedule of Office Closures for State-recognized holidays. State of South Dakota. South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation. January 16, 2012.
  156. Web site: Official Texas State Holidays. State of Texas. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. January 16, 2012.
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  158. Web site: 2012 Holiday Schedule. State of Maine. Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services Bureau of Human Resources. January 16, 2012.
  159. Web site: Official Holidays. State of Michigan. January 16, 2012.
  160. Web site: Court Holidays. Minnesota Judicial Branch. January 16, 2012.
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  162. Web site: State Holidays. State of New Jersey. January 16, 2012.
  163. Web site: Chapter 187 – Holidays; Standard of Time; Commemorations. State of Oregon. Oregon Legislative Website. October 13, 2013.
  164. Web site: Holidays Observed 2012. PDF. State of Montana. Montana State Human Resources Division. January 16, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120101162956/http://hr.mt.gov/content/hrpp/docs/Policies/2012HolidaySchedule. January 1, 2012.
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  166. Web site: Pay and Holiday Calendar. 2011. Commonwealth of Virginia. Virginia Department of Human Resource Management. January 16, 2012.
  167. Web site: Benefits Available to State of Wisconsin Employees. State of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. January 16, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111230031634/http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/jobopps/BENEFITS.HTM. December 30, 2011.
  168. Web site: Wisconsin State Statute 995.20 Legal Holidays. State of Wisconsin. Wisconsin State Legislature. December 24, 2013.
  169. Web site: Official State Holidays. State of Alabama. Alabama State Personnel Department. January 16, 2012.

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