| Nationality: | Traditional Japanese martial art  |
| Location: | Edo, Japan |
| Headmaster: | Various lineages are still extant and taught |
| Description1: | Sword art – long and short sword |
| Description2: | Sword drawing art |
| Description3: | Glaive art |
| Description4: | Sparring |
is a that was founded in the late Edo period by . He was one of the last masters who was called a .
The curriculum of this (martial arts style) contains mainly, and, but the main weapons used are the long and short swords (katana and).[1]
Hokushin Ittō-ryū is a very intense duelling style which focuses on simple and fast techniques where no unnecessary movements are made. Controlling the enemy's centre line with the (cutting down the opponent's sword, a signature technique and principle of Ittō-ryū[2] [3]) and dominating them with extremely fast (sword thrusting techniques) are the signature techniques of this . The principles of this style are that a perfect technique should contain defence and offence in one action.
Characteristic of the training is the use of (heavily padded gloves) like in its ancestor styles Ono-ha Ittō-ryū and Nakanishi-ha Ittō-ryū, which are used in several (two person practice).[4] This kind of training became more and more obsolete towards the end of the Edo period with the spread of (full contact duels with bamboo training swords and training armour) and the use of (training armour) and (bamboo training sword).
Hokushin Ittō-ryū is also one of the remaining ryūha which still practices with (wooden swords). The is practiced using (real swords with the sharp edge removed).[5]
Hokushin Ittō-ryū also includes Iaijutsu . Today only a few teachers know the techniques. Some techniques are depicted in old papers in the Kumamoto prefectural library. It is a very simple form of, with 4 while seated (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), 4 while standing (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), and 3 kata with (stepping backwards).
In the Noda-Konishi line, some have been added to and .
Gogyō-no-kata has five and three which look very similar to, which were the Nakanishi-ha's as revised by in 1908.
In 1932, and demonstrated seven and three as Hokushin Ittō-ryū at .[6] The number of is two more than in the Gogyō-no-kata.
Battōjutsu is not the Chiba family's Hokushin-ryū iai. The kata names and techniques were introduced by Konishi Shigejirō (refer to Kendo Nippon, Mar. 1978 12–15), but the techniques and the kata names differ from the Edo-Meiji period's densho texts. For example, Unryū-ken (雲龍剣), Hien-gaeshi (飛燕返) and Taihō-ken (大鵬剣).
Towards the end of the Bakumatsu period (1853-1867), the Hokushin Ittō-ryū was one of the three biggest and most famous ryūha all over Japan. Swordsmen of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū had a strong influence on the development of modern kendō in the late 19th century.Also many famous and politically influential people were masters of this swordsmanship school.
Some of the most prominent figures are:
The Hokushin Ittō-ryū has three teaching steps:
Like many other koryū, Hokushin Ittō-ryū traditionally awards makimono-scrolls and/or inka-jō. There is no modern dan/kyū system in this school. The traditional five scrolls of Hokushin Ittō-ryū are:
The so-called Naginata Mokuroku 長刀目録 also exists and is normally issued together with the Menkyo (Chūmokuroku). It certifies the mastery of all naginatajutsu techniques of the school.Some names of the naginata kata are the same as those in the Hokushin Musō-ryū (北辰夢想流) densho (伝書).
In the Tottori-han (鳥取藩), the Sadakichi line (定吉系) also awarded Hon-mokuroku (本目録) like Ono-ha Ittō-ryū (see the Sadakichi line's densho collected in Tottori prefectural museum (鳥取県立博物館) http://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/secure/1075478/8646.pdf). However, the Shusaku line (周作系) had only three Mokuroku, which are the Hatsumokuroku (初目録), the Chūmokuroku-Menkyo (中目録免許) and the Daimokuroku-Kaiden (大目録皆伝), so written in the "Kenpo Hiketsu" by Chiba Shusaku (千葉周作「剣法秘訣」).
During the Bakumatsu period, Hokushin Ittō-ryū was very popular due to the decreased number of mokuroku down to only 3, from the 8 of the Ono-ha Ittō-ryū.In all Bujutsu ryūha, students have to pay money or send gifts to the instructor when issued with a mokuroku, therefore Hokushin Ittō-ryū was a more accessible ryūha for poorer farmers and bushi. Also, a number of the students joined the coup of the Edo Bakufu with other students from newer ryūha, such as those from Shinto Munen-ryū.
The two main lines were that of the founder Chiba Shusaku Narimasa at the Edo-Genbukan, and that of the founder's younger brother Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi at the Chiba-Dōjō.Towards the end of the Meiji period, the line of the Edo-Genbukan became extinct. The Chiba-Dōjō line, unlike that of the Edo-Genbukan has survived until today. Currently the Hokushin Ittō-ryū Hyōhō is headed by Ōtsuka Ryūnosuke Masatomo, its 7th Soke.[7] [8]
Chiba Shūnosuke Koretane restored the Edo-Genbukan in 1883 with the help of Inoue Hachirō and Yamaoka Tesshū. The Edo-Genbukan was closed between the 20th–30th year of the Meiji-period. The exact date is unknown.[9]
This Hokushin Ittō-ryū line ended with the 3rd generation headmaster, Chiba Michisaburo. However Shiina Kazue managed to find Chiba Michisaburo’s progeny, Chiba Yoshitane, who did not practice Hokushin Ittō-ryū. Shiina Kazue became Sōke in 2013. https://hokushin-ittoryu.localinfo.jp
The Chiba-Dōjō of Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi (younger brother of school's founder) became one of the most famous Dōjō all over Japan after its founding in the late 1840s. The teaching-line of the Edo-Genbukan disappeared soon after the Dōjō was closed at the end of the Meiji period. The Chiba-Dōjō was also closed at the beginning of the Taisho period. The Chiba family, which did not practice the school but owned the family documents has survived until today. The 5th generation head of the family, Chiba Hiroshi, did not practice or train in the school, nor was there anyone actively practicing under him. Therefore he renounced his family's claims and documents to Ōtsuka Yōichirō Masanori, the 6th Sōke who trained under Konishi Shigejirō of the Noda-ha Hokushin Ittō-ryū. Ōtsuka recreated the Chiba-line in 2013, and was then succeeded by a German citizen named Markus Lösch, who later changed his name to Ōtsuka Ryūnosuke when he became Menkyo-Kaiden in 2014. He later was appointed the 7th Sōke in March 2016.
At the middle of the Meiji-period there were many side branches, founded by pupils of the two main lines.One of the most famous was the Tobukan in Mito.It was established by Kozawa Torakichi, a student of the Edo-Genbukan.Kozawa Torakichi was also an instructor at the Kodokan (弘道館), the official clan school of the Mito-clan.After the Meiji-restoration and the abolishment of the traditional clan system the Kodokan was closed, so in order to continue teaching, Kozawa Torakichi opened his own Dōjō, the Tobukan. There he taught Hokushin Ittō-ryū together with Shin Tamiya-ryū (新田宮流抜刀術) and Suifu-ryū (水府流剣術). (Torakichi's second son Kozawa Jiro Atsunobu (小澤二郎篤信) inherited Suifu-ryū kenjutsu from his own other dōjō.) This Hokushin Ittō-ryū line is also the line of the school which is a member of the Nihon Kobudo Kyokai. Up until today, the Kozawa family is still preserving the teachings of its first headmaster at the Tobukan in Mito.
In the Tobukan there is no Hokushin Ittō-ryū "Sōke". Instead there exists a Hokushin Ittō-ryū "representative" (as described in the Nikon Kobudo kyokai homepage).[11]
The family name "Kozawa" of the 3rd generation, Toyokichi, and the 4th generation, Takeshi are son-in-law taken into family with Ichiro's daughter (as described on the Tobukan homepage).
(This dōjō is not to be mistaken for the Edo-Genbukan.)
Kobayashi Seijiro was granted the Inka-jo from Chiba Michisaburo, and opened the Shisei-kan dōjō in Tokyo. He did not have a son, so he adopted Katsuura Shiro, who was later granted a Hokushin Ittō-ryū menkyo. He then went to Otaru, Hokkaido for musha-shugyo. The master of Otaru Nanburo, Noda Wasaburo, approved of his kenjutsu and personality. His daughter Haru married Shiro, and Shiro was taken into family as Noda Shiro. In 1913, the Otaru Genbukan was constructed in Nanburo. Chiba Katsutaro (Michisaburo's second son) gave his permission to use the name Genbukan.
In 1933, 14 year-old Konishi Shigejirō became a disciple of Otaru Genbukan, becoming an assistant instructor in 1937. In 1938, Shigejirō joined the war. In 1944, Noda Shiro died. After the war in 1945, Shigejirō conceded the inheritance of the line to his senior Miura Yoshikatsu, but Shigejirō later inherited it from Yoshikatsu in turn.
In 1950, Shigejirō opened an outdoor dōjō in Zenpukuji temple park in Tokyo, and in the autumn constructed a proper dōjō, giving it the name Genbukan.[13] Shigejirō died in 2009 at 90 years of age.
The Chiba dōjō's 6th Sōke, Ōtsuka Yōichirō, was a student of Konishi Shigejirō.
A student of Konishi Shigejirō, Tsukada Yoshikazu, Takano Sanetora (高野眞虎) teaches in his dōjō called Kotōkan in Nagano.[14] [15]
They are training in gymnasiums and the historical Matsushiro Literary and Military School (Bunbu-gakkō 文武学校). This building was built in the Bakumatsu period, the construction is based on the Kodōkan (弘道館) in Mito (水戸).
Sakurada Sakuramaro 櫻田櫻麿 was the Sendai-han's instructor of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū in Edo period.)He started the Chūka-Ittō-ryū (中和一刀流) in Sendai.
In the 20th century, Tsumura Keiji claimed that he had inherited Sakurada Sakuramaro's Hokushin Ittō-ryū line. He posted the inheritance tree of his line on his own web page. (Now, the web page is deleted.)
The inheritance tree contains several strange points. In any case, he and his students are training .They are now training in Shushin Budokai (修心武道会).https://www.facebook.com/shusinbudoukai/