Hokkaido proportional representation block explained

Hokkaidō Proportional Representation Block
Type:	Parliamentary
Constituency Link:	Hokkaidō proportional representation block
Parl Name:	Japanese House of Representatives
District Label:	Prefecture
District:	Hokkaidō
Electorate:	4,537,448
Year:	1994
Members Label:	Representatives
Elects Howmany:	Eight
Party Label:	Party

The or in official usage the "Hokkaidō electoral district" (北海道選挙区, Hokkaidō senkyo-ku) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) blocks for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of Hokkaidō and is one of two PR blocks that covers only one prefecture, the other being Tokyo. Following the introduction of proportional voting, it elected nine representatives in the election of 1996. Since 2000, the Hokkaidō PR block has been represented by eight representatives.

Summary of results

With eight seats, Hokkaidō is the second-smallest PR block (Shikoku has only six seats), and the vote share needed to gain a seat is usually above ten percent. In 2000, when the combined vote of the two major parties reached a low of 56.8%, the Social Democratic Party managed to obtain a seat with only 8.9% of the vote (for a detailed explanation, see D'Hondt method).

In addition to the five national parties that emerged from the party realignments of the 1990s, the regionalist one-man party New Party Daichi has become a contender for PR seats in Hokkaidō. In the first three elections in which it fielded candidates, it managed to obtain the third-largest vote share and one seat. In 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party became first party in the Hokkaidō proportional election for the first time, and has narrowly held onto that position in 2014 and 2017.

general election				DPJ ('96–'14)/ CDPJ ('17)						JCP						NPD			NFP ('96)/LP ('00)/ TPJ ('12)/LP ('17)			JRP ('12)/JIP ('14)/ JRP ('17)			YP ('12)/ Kibō ('17)			Others
	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
1996	740,677	28.2	3	835,042	31.8	3	–			396,923	15.1	1	–			–			552,847	21.1	2	–			–			100,807	3.8	0
2000	735,318	25.6	2	898,678	31.2	3	368,198	12.8	1	365,061	12.7	1	255,319	8.9	1	–			236,301	8.2	0	–			–			17,987	0.6	0
2003	876,653	31.0	3	1,153,471	40.8	4	394,843	14.0	1	253,442	9.0	0	147,146	5.2	0	–			–			–			–			–
2005	940,705	29.1	3	1,090,727	33.8	3	368,552	11.4	1	241,371	7.5	0	152,646	4.7	0	433,938	13.4	1	–			–			–			–
2009	805,895	24.2	2	1,348,318	40.6	4	354,886	10.7	1	241,345	7.3	0	113,562	3.4	0	433,122	13.0	1	–			–			–			27,675	0.8	0
2012	692,304	26.4	3	477,356	18.2	2	289,011	11.0	1	182,968	7.0	0	48,351	1.8	0	346,848	13.2	1	81,838	3.1	0	333,760	12.7	1	155,522	5.9	0	10,506	0.4	0
2014	744,748	29.8	3	688,922	27.6	2	307,534	12.3	1	302,251	12.1	1	53,604	2.1	0	–			–			247,342	9.9	1	–			155,463	6.2	0
2017^[1]	779,903	28.8	3	714,032	26.4	3	298,573	11.0	1	230,316	8.5	0	37,374	1.4	0	226,552	8.4	0	–			74,701	2.8	0	331,463	12.2	1	13,983	0.5	0

Party names are abbreviated as follows (format: abbreviation, translated name, Japanese name, Engrish name):

• DPJ "Democratic Party", Minshutō, Democratic Party
• LDP Liberal Democratic Party, Jiyūminshutō
• Kōmeitō "Justice Party", Kōmeitō, New Justice Party Party
• JCP Japanese Communist Party, Nihon Kyōsantō
• SDP Social Democratic Party, Shakaiminshutō
• NFP New Frontier Party, Shinshintō
• LP Liberal Party, Jiyūtō
• HRP Happiness Realization Party, Kōfuku-jitsugen-tō
• Honshitsu "New Party 'The Essential'", Shintō Honshitsu

List of representatives

Elected Representatives
	Term
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kaori Maruya NFP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kaori Maruya Komeito (from 1998)													width=1px style="background-color: "		Hisashi Inatsu Komeito			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hidemichi Satō Komeito											width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kenji Kodama JCP							width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroko Nakano DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Seiji Ōsaka DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroko Nakano DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Takahiro Yokomichi DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Kazuya Hatayama JCP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroshi Kamiya CDP			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Seiichi Kaneda DPJ							width=1px style="background-color: "		Chiyomi Kobayashi DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Satoshi Arai (resigned 2007) DPJ	width=1px style="background-color: "		Tomohiro Ishikawa DPJ	width=1px style="background-color: "		Maya Yamazaki DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Satoshi Arai DPJ					width=1px style="background-color: "		Satoshi Arai DP (from 2016)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Maki Ikeda CDP			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Seiichi Ikehata DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Wakio Mitsui DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Kenkō Matsuki DPJ							width=1px style="background-color: "		Tatsumaru Yamaoka DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Miho Takahashi JRP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Miho Takahashi JIP (from 2014)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Takako Suzuki DPJ	width=1px style="background-color: "		Takako Suzuki Ind. (from 2016)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiranao Honda CDP			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kenji Nakazawa DPJ							width=1px style="background-color: "		Hidenori Sasaki DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Takamori Yoshikawa LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hitomi Kudō DPJ			width=1px style="background-color: "		Shigeaki Katsunuma LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Kenkō Matsuki JIP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kenkō Matsuki DP (from 2016)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Tatsumaru Yamaoka Kibō			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Toshiyuki Wanibuchi NFP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Toshiyuki Wanibuchi Lib. (from 1998)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Keiko Yamauchi SDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Eikō Kaneta LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Yukari Iijima LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Nobutaka Machimura (resigned 2010) LDP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroshi Imazu LDP	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kōichi Watanabe LDP											width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Muneo Suzuki LDP					width=1px style="background-color: "		Muneo Suzuki Ind. (resigned from LDP, 2002)	width=1px style="background-color: "		Gaku Ishizaki LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroshi Imazu LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Tsutomu Takebe LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Seiichi Shimizu LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hiroshi Imazu LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Takako Suzuki LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Takamori Yoshikawa LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Hirofumi Iwakura LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Takafumi Yamashita LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Muneo Suzuki (arrested 2010) NPD					width=1px style="background-color: "		Takahiro Asano NPD	width=1px style="background-color: "		Tomohiro Ishikawa (resigned 2013) NPD	width=1px style="background-color: "		Takako Suzuki NPD	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kazuo Maeda LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "		Toshimitsu Funahashi LDP			width=1px style="background-color: "
Rep. Party	width=1px style="background-color: "		Kōkō Satō LDP			Seat abolished

Recent results

2017

• #: List rank assigned by the party
• District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
• (in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race (the same threshold as for losing the deposit in the single-member district election)

Hokkaidō block results in the 2017 general House of Representatives election^{[2] [3]} ! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status

LDP: 779,903 votes (28.8%), 3 seats

CDP: 714,032 votes (26.4%), 3 seats

Kibō: 331,463 votes (12.2%), 1 seat

1

–

Elected

1

Hokkaidō 10 (99.4%)

Elected

1

Hokkaidō 9 (81.2%)

Elected

2

–

Elected

Hokkaidō 5 (95.3%)

Elected

Hokkaidō 2 (70.9%)

3

Hokkaidō 1 (87.0%)

Elected

Hokkaidō 4 (87.1%)

Elected

Mika Mizukami

Hokkaidō 12 (60.1%)

Hokkaidō 3 (83.9%)

(Daiki Michishita)

Hokkaidō 1 (won)

Miho Takahashi

Hokkaidō 4 (30.6%)

Hokkaidō 6 (83.5%)

(Satoshi Arai)

Hokkaidō 3 (won)

5

Kazuko Aoki

–

Hokkaidō 11 (83.5%)

(Kaori Ishikawa)

Hokkaidō 11 (won)

6

Shinji Miyoshi

–

Hokkaidō 8 (80.4%)

7

–

JCP: 230,316 votes (8.5%), 0 seats

(Takamori Yoshikawa)

Hokkaidō 2 (won)

NPD: 226,552 votes (8.4%), 0 seats

1

–

(Hiroyuki Nakamura)

Hokkaidō 4 (won)

1

–

2

Ryūji Kawabe

–

(Yoshiaki Wada)

Hokkaidō 5 (won)

2

Chisato Abe

–

3

Masatoshi Kanekura

Hokkaidō 2 (50.2%)

(Yoshitaka Itō)

Hokkaidō 7 (won)

JRP: 74,701 votes (2.8%), 0 seats

4

Katsumi Honma

–

(Manabu Horii)

Hokkaidō 9 (won)

1

(Yasufumi Kowada)

Hokkaidō 2 (20.6%)

2

Akiko Hondō

–

(Arata Takebe)

Hokkaidō 12 (won)

2

Akira Satō

–

HRP: 13,983 votes (0.5%), 0 seats

14

Seiichi Shimizu

–

SDP: 53,604 votes (2.1%), 0 seats

1

Hiroshi Noichi

–

15

Chikako Kanazawa

–

1

Kinuko Toyomaki

–

2

Hideo Nakajima

–

Kōmeitō: 298,573 votes (11.0%), 1 seat

1

–

Elected

2

Hisayuki Takeda

–

2014

• #: List rank assigned by the party
• District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
• (in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race (the same threshold as for losing the deposit in the single-member district election)

Hokkaidō block results in the 2014 general House of Representatives election^[4] ! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status

LDP: 744,748 votes (29.8%), 3 seats

DPJ: 688,922 votes (27.6%), 2 seats

Kōmeitō: 307,534 votes (12.3%), 1 seat

1

–

Elected

1

Hokkaidō 7 (99.7%)

Elected

1

–

Elected

2

(Takamori Yoshikawa)

Hokkaidō 2 (won)

2

(Takahiro Yokomichi)

Hokkaidō 1 (won)

2

Hisayuki Takeda

–

–

(Hirohisa Takagi)

Hokkaidō 3 (won)

(Takahiro Sasaki)

Hokkaidō 6 (won)

JCP: 302,251 votes (12.1%), 1 seat

(Hiroyuki Nakamura)

Hokkaidō 4 (won)

(Seiji Ōsaka)

Hokkaidō 8 (won)

1

–

Elected

(Nobutaka Machimura)

Hokkaidō 5 (won)

Hokkaidō 3 (92.3%)

Elected

2

Masatoshi Kanakura

Hokkaidō 2 (40.9%)

–

(Yoshitaka Itō)

Hokkaidō 7 (won)

Hokkaidō 4 (90.1%)

–

JIP: 247,342 votes (9.9%), 1 seat

(Manabu Horii)

Hokkaidō 9 (won)

Hokkaidō 9 (88.1%)

–

1

Hokkaidō 2 (63.5%)

Elected

(Yūko Nakagawa)

Hokkaidō 11 (won)

Hiroshi Kamiya

Hokkaidō 10 (82.1%)

–

Yasufumi Kowada

Hokkaidō 3 (28.2%)

–

(Arata Takebe)

Hokkaidō 12 (won)

Kenji Katsube

Hokkaidō 5 (72.2%)

–

3

Tomokazu Ōtake

–

–

Hokkaidō 6 (97.2%)

Elected

Takeo Mitsu

Hokkaidō 11 (70.4%)

–

Support no Party: 104,854 votes (4.2%), no seat

Hokkaidō 8 (93.4%)

Elected

Mika Mizukami

Hokkaidō 12 (67.1%)

–

1

Hidemitsu Sano

–

–

Hokkaidō 1 (90.9%)

–

SDP: 53,604 votes (2.1%), no seat

2

Akiko Hondō

–

–

13

–

–

1

Minoru Michibayashi

–

–

HRP: 12,267 votes (0.5%), no seat

14

Chikako Kanazawa

–

–

PFG: 38,342 votes (1.5%), no seat

1

Yoshinori Moruyama

–

–

15

Kuniyoshi Azuma

–

–

1

Satoshi Yasuda

–

–

2

Yūichi Seto

–

–

2012

• #: List rank assigned by the party
• District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
• (in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified (for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race)

Hokkaidō block results in the 2012 general House of Representatives election^[5] ! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status! # !! Candidate !! District !! Status

LDP: 692,304 votes (26.4%), 3 seats

DPJ: 477,356 votes (18.2%), 2 seats

NPD: 346,848 votes (13.2%), 1 seat

1

–

Elected

1

Hokkaidō 1 (92.9%)

Elected

1

Hokkaidō 11 (80.8%)

Elected Resigned in 2013

2

(Toshifumi Funahashi)

Hokkaidō 1 (won)

Hokkaidō 3 (73.1%)

Elected

Hokkaidō 7 (69.9%)

Elected in 2013

(Takamori Yoshikawa)

Hokkaidō 2 (won)

Hokkaidō 8 (71.7%)

–

Hokkaidō 12 (58.0%)

–

(Hirohisa Takagi)

Hokkaidō 3 (won)

Hokkaidō 10 (71.6%)

–

Hokkaidō 1 (52.1%)

–

(Hiroyuki Nakamura)

Hokkaidō 4 (won)

Hokkaidō 6 (67.2%)

–

Takahiro Asano

Hokkaidō 10 (45.2%)

–

(Nobutaka Machimura)

Hokkaidō 5 (won)

Hokkaidō 4 (66.8%)

–

Junko Machikawa

Hokkaidō 3 (35.1%)

–

(Hiroshi Imazu)

Hokkaidō 6 (won)

Hokkaidō 2 (66.4%)

–

Hideto Tomabechi

Hokkaidō 4 (32.3%)

–

(Yoshitaka Itō)

Hokkaidō 7 (won)

Shigeyuki Nakamae

Hokkaidō 5 (53.7%)

–

JRP: 333,760 votes (12.7%), 1 seat

(Kazuo Maeda)

Hokkaidō 8 (won)

Tatsumaru Yamaoka

Hokkaidō 9 (50.8%)

–

1

Hokkaidō 2 (56.4%)

Elected

(Manabu Horii)

Hokkaidō 9 (won)

Hokkaidō 7 (29.4%)

–

Tomokazu Ōtake

Hokkaidō 1 (54.2%)

–

(Yūko Nakagawa)

Hokkaidō 11 (won)

Maya Yamazaki

Hokkaidō 12 (27.9%)

–

Yasufumi Kowada

Hokkaidō 3 (40.6%)

–

(Arata Takebe)

Hokkaidō 12 (won)

NK: 289,011 votes (11.0%), 1 seat

4

Chitoku Yonenaga

–

–

13

–

Elected

1

–

Elected

JCP: 182,968 votes (7.0%), no seat

14

–

Elected

2

Hisayuki Takeda

–

–

1

Kazuya Hatayama

–

–

15

–

–

YP 155,522 votes (5.9%), no seat

2

(Hiroyuki Norota)

Hokkaidō 1 (22.5%)

DQ

TPJ 81,838 votes (3.1%), no seat

1

Takanobu Azuma

Hokkaidō 6 (47.2%)

–

SDP: 48,351 votes (1.8%), no seat

1

Mika Kitade

Hokkaidō 8 (23.9%)

–

Yūji Nishida

Hokkaidō 5 (31.9%)

–

1

Takao Asano

–

–

HRP 10,506 votes (0.4%), no seat

Ryūji Sawada

Hokkaidō 2 (29.4%)

–

1

Ichirō Kojima

–

–

2

Kenjirō Sumi

–

–

2009

Hokkaidō block results in the 2009 general election^{[6] [7]}

LDP: 805,895 votes (24.2%), 2 seats					DPJ: 1,348,318 votes (40.6%), 4 seats					Kōmeitō: 354,886 votes (10.7%), 1 seat
	Candidate	District		Elected		Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected		Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
1		Hokkaidō 12	88.6%	Elected	1			99.0%	Elected	1		PR only		Elected
			82.7%	Elected			Hokkaidō 1	Won district		2	Hisayuki Takeda			–
			Won district				Hokkaidō 2	Won district		NPD: 433,122 votes (13.0%), 1 seat
		Hokkaidō 11	75.6%	– (died)			Hokkaidō 3	Won district			Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
		Hokkaidō 6	68.2%	– (in 2010)			Hokkaidō 4	Won district		1		PR only		Elected
		Hokkaidō 1	67.8%	–		Chiyomi Kobayashi		Won district		2	Eita Yashiro			– (DQ)
		Hokkaidō 3	60.6%	–			Hokkaidō 6	Won district		3				– (in 2010)
		Hokkaidō 2	56.7%	–			Hokkaidō 8	Won district		4	Junko Hana			–
		Hokkaidō 10	55.9%	–			Hokkaidō 10	Won district		JCP: 241,345 votes (7.3%), no seat
	Tōru Miyamoto	Hokkaidō 4	50.1%	–			Hokkaidō 11	Won district			Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Satoshi Kawabata		39.2%	–			Hokkaidō 12	Won district		1	Satoshi Miyauchi	PR only		–
	Keishirō Fukushima	Hokkaidō 8	33.9%	–	12		PR only		Elected	2	Chiharu Oka	Hokkaidō 2	16.6%	–
13	Takahiro Anada	PR only		–	13				Elected		Kazutoshi Ogiu	Hokkaidō 6	10.1%	–
14	Shin'ya Numazawa			–	14				Elected		Akiko Satō		10.0%	–
15	Fumitaka Uechi			–	15	Masanori Sekifuji			–		Yukari Watanabe	Hokkaidō 1	9.3%	–
SDP: 113,562 votes (3.4%), no seat					HRP: 20,276 votes (0.6%), no seat					Honshitsu: 7,399 votes (0.2%), no seat
	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected		Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected		Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
1	Taka Yamaguchi	PR only		–	1	Naofumi Satō	PR only		–	1	Hidemitsu Sano	PR only		–
2	Yumi Honda	Hokkaidō 2	8.7%	–	2	Tomoo Kobayashi			–	2	Akiko Hondō			–

References

• Heartbeats Corp., The Senkyo: Results of general and by-elections for the House of Representatives since 1890

Notes and References

1. [Yomiuri Shimbun]
2. [Asahi Shimbun]
3. [Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]
4. [Yomiuri Shimbun]
5. [Yomiuri Shimbun]
6. [Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]
7. [Yomiuri Shimbun]