Hmar people explained

Group:Hmar
Regions:India[1]
Languages:Hmar language
Religions:Christianity
Related:Mizo people

Hmar people are a scheduled tribe ethnic group[2] [3] from the states of Manipur,[4] [5] Mizoram,[6] Assam,[7] and Meghalaya[8] in Northeast India. They use the Hmar language as their primary language.

Population

According to the 2011 Indian Census, there were 98,988 Hmar speakers (as first language).[9] The Hmar population itself (including, Hmar people who speak Mizo language as their first language) roughly stands at 200,000-300,000.[10] Several critics and scholars point out that a significant population of the Hmar people are fully 'Mizonised' in Mizoram, hence do not reflect as "Hmar tribe" population, rather as "Any Mizo tribes" in Census reports.

Language

Hmar people use the Hmar language, which closely resembles the Mizo language and uses the Roman script.[11] The script was introduced by British missionaries, including 'Pu Buanga' (James Herbert Lorrain), during the colonial era in India and is locally known as the 'A Aw B.'[12] Hmar language is within the Tibeto-Burman stock of languages.[13]

Religion

The majority of the Hmar people practice Christianity.[14] They were Christianized by Welsh missionaries in the 1910s (specifically at Senvawn village).

Place of origin

The Hmar people believe Sinlung to be their ancestral origin.[15]

Notable people

Politicians!Name!Notes
HT SanglianaIndian Cop and former Lok Sabha MP. A South Indian movie, Sangliyana, was made in honor of him.
Robert Romawia RoyteMLA from Mizoram and owner of Aizawl FC.
Ngurdinglien SanateFormer Minister from Manipur.
Lalnghinglova HmarCurrent Minister of State (Sports) and MLA from Mizoram.
Ngursanglur SanateCurrent MLA from Manipur.
Bijoy Kumar HrangkhawlPolitician from Tripura.
PachhungaFirst President of the Mizo Union.
Chaltonlien AmoFormer Minister from Manipur.[16] [17]
Lalmuanpuia PunteCurrent Political Advisor[18] [19] to Lalduhoma and MLA, Mizoram.
K. SapdangaCurrent Deputy Chief minister, Mizoram.
M Keivoman Ambassador of India.
Sportspersons!Name!Contribution(s)
LalremsiamiIndia women's national field hockey team player
Marina Lalramnghaki HmarIndia women's national field hockey team player
David LalhlansangaIndia national football team member
Alfred Lalroutsangyoungest ever player to play in the Indian Super League at the age of 16 years.
Lalrinliana HnamteIndian professional footballer.
Lalvarmoi HmarIndian professional footballer.
Lalram LuahaIndian professional footballer
Hmar ZothanchhungaIndian professional cricketer.
Academics & Authors!Name!Notes
Rochunga PudaiteIncluded the Hmar people, Anāl people, and many others as one of the Schedule Tribes of India, 1956, and the founder of Bibles for the World.[20]
Lal DenaManipur historian.
Lalthlamuong KeivomFormer Indian diplomat and writer of Zoram Khawvel series.
Zirsangzela HnamteAuthor.
Lallukhum FimateFormer Director, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences[21] and Zoram Medical College.[22]
Singers, Composers & Musicians!Name!Notes
Mami VarteSinger
Esther HnamteSinger
LalruotmawiSinger
BuonglienkungComposer
ThangngurComposer
LienrumComposer

Clans (Pahnam)

Ruolngul
FaihengTlauFatlei
BanzangSinateFamhawite (Famhoite)Chonghmunte
LamchangteSanate
Saivate
KhawralKhawkhengTuollai
TuimuolBapuiTusingKhawlum
SekongSelingThlangnungSalhmar
DulienAimuolKhawhrangSote
Thanghnieng
Sanate
SaingurZallienBungran
ChiluonSingaTuolthlaPara Thla
PusingathlaSaidangthla
Ponatu
PhuoitongDumkerCholkha
Lungen
ThlauteMidangLeidir
SuoklingChunthangLozunPieltel
MilaiRawlsimKhintungZahrin
Fenate (Fente)
PangamtePazamteRiengsete
LaisingMuolpheiPhunte (Punte)Bunglung
SierthlangSiersak
Hrangchal
LaiasungSielasungDarasung
TungteSungteSuomteTlawmte
Chawnsim
Pieltu
SawrteBuiteArro
ZateAiteHnungteSeldo
Pusiete
ChuonkhupSingphunHriler
ChawnghauChawngvawrBuonsuongChawngtuol
BarkhawlaiTlangteParateSaihmang (Saiate, Sailung, Saite)
NgaiateChawnhniengDarteDarkhawlai
VaithangThangsuokMaubukHrangngam
HrangdoHrangateChawngsieksimNgaite (Hauler, Tlurha, Saichawnkhup, Sailientuol)
HmangteChante (Chamte)HrangsoteParate (Bualthang, Khawtial, Rualngai, Zani)
Neingaite
PuruoltePudaitePulamte
PuhnuongteThlandar
Zilchung
ZilhmangNgulthuomNgaithuom
HrawteHranhniengChailengThangngen
KelluArmei
Athu
Amaw (Amo)TuolorThilsong
BuhrilHekteRalsunChawnghekte
Thluchung (TC)KungateSelateTuolte
ṬaiteHnamteKangburKhawzawl
LalumLaldauSaibungVankal
PangotePangulteKhawbuolPakhumate
KhumthurKhumsenThlihranTamte
HmanteChawnnelZate
Mihriemate
SongateInfimate (Fimate)Nungate
IntoateLungchuongInbuonPasulate
Keivawm (Keivom)TamhrangSielhnamTheisiekate
ThlawngateKhumsenKhumthurSunate

Ethnic Cultural Items

Traditional Shawls!Name!Picture!Original Designer
HmarpuonFimneizo
Thangsuopuon
Ngoteker
Puonlaisen
Hmaram

Literature

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Census of India 2011 . "Hmar" Language - India, State and Union Territories . 2011 . Office of the Registrar General, India . 9 .
  2. https://tribal.nic.in/ST/LatestListofScheduledtribes.pdf
  3. https://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/CMS/Documents/201212010344115039062File1061.pdf
  4. https://data.gov.in/resource/population-mother-tongue-2011-manipur
  5. Book: "Scheduled Tribes" . 2011 . DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK CHURACHANDPUR (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations Manipur. . 28 .
  6. https://data.gov.in/resource/population-mother-tongue-2011-mizoram
  7. https://data.gov.in/resource/population-mother-tongue-2011-assam
  8. https://data.gov.in/resource/population-mother-tongue-2011-meghalaya
  9. Book: Census of India 2011 . "Hmar" - Language: India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) . Office of the Registrar General, India . 2011 . 9.
  10. https://www.ritimo.org/Hmar-Struggles-for-Autonomy-in-Mizoram-India#:~:text=Very%20rough%20estimates%20put%20the,autonomy%20continues%20to%20this%20day.
  11. Book: Lallungawi . Hmar Grammar . 2022.
  12. Vanlalawmpuia . C . 2024 . Ṭawngkasuok: Traditional Sayings of the Hmar People . Mizoram University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences . X . 1.
  13. Web site: Government of India . 2011 . Census of India 2011: PAPER 1 OF 2018. LANGUAGE INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16) . 21.
  14. Web site: Hmar in India .
  15. Book: Dena, Lal . In Search of Identity: Hmars of North East India . Akansha Publishing House: Delhi . 2008.
  16. Web site: Dr. Chaltonlien Amo(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- TIPAIMUK(ST)(CHURACHANDPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate . 2024-05-22 . myneta.info.
  17. Web site: 2022-01-09 . Manipur: Senior Congress MLA joins BJP . 2024-05-22 . The Indian Express . en.
  18. Web site: Appointment of PS to Adviser to Chief Minister .
  19. Web site: Mizoram Legislative Assembly . 2024-05-22 . www.mizoramassembly.in.
  20. Web site: About . 2024-05-13 . Bibles For The World . en-US.
  21. Web site: New Director RIMS L Fimate . 2024-05-22 . e-pao.net.
  22. https://mimerfalkawn.edu.in/uploads/attachments/1327694a5fb79c2a96bceef0c08b6edd/zmc-prospectus.pdf

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