List of tropical cyclones spawning tornadoes explained

Intense tropical cyclones usually produce tornadoes, the majority of those weak, especially upon landfall.

List of tornadoes

These are the tropical cyclones that are known to have spawned tornadoes. The list is most complete for the U.S., but does include other areas. Within the United States 1,163 tornadoes were associated with tropical cyclones,^[1] accounting for slightly under 6% of all tornadoes. The most tornadoes spawned by a single tropical cyclone were associated with Hurricane Ivan, which spawned 120 tornadoes.

Pre–1900

Tropical cyclone	Outbreak dates	Tornadoes	Location of tornado(es)	Notes	Refs
	September 10, 1811	1	South Carolina		^[2]
	June 30, 1814	1	South Carolina
	September 10, 1882	3	Florida
	October 4, 1885	1	New Jersey
	October 11, 1885	1	Florida
	July 6, 1891	4	Louisiana, Mississippi
	September 13, 1892	4	North Carolina, South Carolina
	August 28, 1893	1	North Carolina
	September 7, 1893	1	Louisiana
	October 4, 1899	1	Georgia

1900–1949

Tropical cyclone	Outbreak dates	Tornadoes	Location of tornado(es)	Notes	Refs
	September 7, 1900	2	Georgia
	September 4, 1915	2	Georgia, Virginia
	July 6, 1916	11	Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi
	July 15, 1916	1	South Carolina
	October 18, 1916	4	Alabama
	October 29, 1917	4	South Carolina, Virginia
	September 10, 1919	1	Florida
	September 15, 1919	2	Texas, New Mexico
	September 9, 1921	6	Texas
	August 10, 1928	5	South Carolina
	August 15, 1928	4	South Carolina, North Carolina
	September 28, 1929	6	Florida, South Carolina
	September 6, 1933	1	South Carolina
	October 4, 1933	2	Florida
	July 24, 1934	8	Texas
	September 4, 1935	13	South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland
	August 15, 1938	1	Louisiana
	August 10, 1940	2	South Carolina
	October 20, 1941	2	Florida
	October 18, 1944	3	Florida
	August 27, 1945	2	Texas	F3 killed one and injured 15 in Houston
	September 17, 1945	1	South Carolina
	September 19, 1947	1	Florida	F3 killed two and injured 100 in Apalachicola
	October 11, 1947	4	Florida
	September 4, 1948	1	Georgia, Florida
	September 21, 1948	1	Florida
	October 5, 1948	3	Florida
	August 28, 1949	4	North Carolina
	October 3, 1949	1	Texas			-

1950–1979

Tropical cyclone	Outbreak dates	Tornadoes	Location of tornado(es)	Notes	Refs
	August 30–31, 1950	2	Texas		^[3]
	August 31, 1952	3	Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland		^[4]
	August 10, 1955	4	South Carolina, North Carolina, Delaware
	August 19, 1955	1	Pennsylvania
	September 24, 1956	5	Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
	June 27, 1957	21	Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee		^[5]
	July 10, 1959	11	North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia
	July 24, 1959	5	Oklahoma, Texas
	September 29, 1959	7	South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania
	October 17, 1959	1	Florida
	September 10, 1960	5	Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina
	September 15, 1960	6	Florida, Alabama
	September 10, 1961	21	Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Michigan, Arkansas	F4 killed 8 in Galveston, Texas vicinity; one of only two hurricane-spawned violent tornado	^[6]
	August 27, 1964	12	Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina		^[7]
	September 12, 1964	3	South Carolina, North Carolina		^[8]
	October 3, 1964	12	Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina	F4 killed 22 in Larose, Louisiana vicinity; one of only two hurricane-spawned violent tornado	^[9]
	October 14, 1964	9	Florida
	September 8, 1965	7	Florida, Alabama, Mississippi		^[10]
	June 8, 1966	5	Florida, Mississippi
	October 4, 1966	2	Florida
	September 20, 1967	115	Texas, Mexico
	June 7, 1968	4	North Carolina
	October 17, 1968	2	Florida
	August 17, 1969	2	Florida
	August 31, 1970	9	Texas
	September 16, 1971	16	Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi
	September 10, 1971	5	Texas
	June 18, 1972	17	Florida, Georgia
	September 8, 1974	4	Louisiana
	September 23, 1975	5	Georgia, Florida
	September 5, 1977	14	Louisiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama
	September 3, 1979	34	Florida, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware
	September 12, 1979	10	Alabama, Georgia, Florida

1980–1999

Tropical cyclone	Date of (first) tornado	Tornadoes	Area affected	Notes	Refs
	August 9, 1980	29	Texas	Costliest tropical cyclone–related tornado in history struck Austin, Texas vicinity inflicting $100 million in damages
	June 5, 1981	9	Louisiana, Texas		^[11]
	August 17, 1981	2	Florida
	August 31, 1981	14	Texas		^[12]
	August 17, 1983	22	Texas
	September 5, 1984	1	Florida
	August 15, 1985	39	Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia
	August 31, 1985	10	Florida
	September 3, 1985	1	Lemery, Batangas, Philippines		^[13]
	September 27, 1985	2	New Jersey, Massachusetts
	October 28, 1985	11	Florida, Alabama, Mississippi
	June 27, 1986	5	Louisiana
	September 16, 1988	29+	Texas, Mexico
	October 23, 1988	1	Misamis Oriental, Philippines		^[14]
	August 1, 1989	4	Texas
	September 22, 1989	3	South Carolina, North Carolina
	October 15, 1989	5	Texas
	August 18, 1991	5	North Carolina, New York
	August 16–17, 1994	37	Carolinas, Georgia, Mid Atlantic
	September 1998	47	Alabama, Georgia, Florida
	September 16, 1999	14+	North Carolina		^[15]

2000–2009

Tropical cyclone	Date of (first) tornado	Tornadoes	Area affected	Notes	Refs
	September 16, 2000	11	Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina
	September 22, 2000	13	Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
	October 6, 2000	1	Texas
	June 11, 2001	28	Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Virginia, Massachusetts, Maine, Texas
	August 2, 2001	5	Florida, Mississippi, Missouri
	September 13, 2001	18	Florida
	November 5, 2001	5	Florida
	September 6, 2002	11	Texas
	September 10, 2002	1	North Carolina
	September 14, 2002	2	Alabama, Georgia
	September 25, 2002	10	Alabama, Florida, Louisiana
	October 3, 2002	26	Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Kentucky
	October 8, 2002	8	South Carolina, North Carolina
	August 13, 2004	16	Florida, North Carolina, Virginia
	August 29, 2004	33
	September 4–8, 2004	103*	Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia
	September 16, 2004	120	United States Gulf Coast and Mid-Atlantic Coast
	June 11, 2005	3	Florida, Indiana
	July 5, 2005	44	Southeastern United States
	July 10, 2005	10	Florida and Georgia		^[16]
	July 20, 2005	11	Texas
	August 25, 2005	59	United States Gulf Coast
	September 24, 2005	98	United States Gulf Coast
	October 6, 2005	1	Georgia, United States
	October 24, 2005	8	Florida
	June 12, 2006	17	Southeastern United States
	August 24, 2006	5	Florida and North Carolina, United States		^[17]
	June 1–2, 2007	4	Cuba, Florida, United States		^[18] ^[19]
	August 16, 2007	7	Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana United States
	September 12, 2007	1	Louisiana, United States
	September 20, 2007	2	Florida, United States
	December 16, 2007	2	Florida, United States
	July 23–24, 2008	6	Texas, United States		^[20]
	August 18–27, 2008	50	South-eastern United States
	August 31, 2008	49	United States Gulf Coast
	September 6, 2008	1	Pennsylvania and Virginia
	September 9, 2008	33	United States Gulf Coast
	June 24, 2009	1	Samar, Philippines		^[21]

2010–2019

Tropical cyclone	Outbreak dates	Tornadoes	Location of tornado(es)	Refs
	June 30 – July 2, 2010	11	Texas, United States	^[22]
	September 7–9, 2010	13	Southern United States
	February 22, 2011	4	Karratha, Australia	^[23]
	June 30, 2011	1	Texas, United States	^[24]
	August 26, 2011	9	United States East Coast
	September 3–7, 2011	46	Southeastern United States	^[25]
	October 29, 2011	2	Florida, United States
	May 28–30, 2012	4	Southeastern United States	^[26]
	June 23–27, 2012	25	Florida, United States	^[27]
	August 21 – September 1, 2012	32	Southeastern, Midwestern, and Eastern United States	^[28]
	September 18, 2012		Japan	^[29]
	October 28, 2012	1	Bermuda	^[30]
	December 2012		Samoa	^[31]
	January 17–29, 2013		Queensland, Australia	^[32]
	June 5–7, 2013	16	Cuba, Florida, North Carolina	^[33]
			Palawan and Occidental Mindoro, Philippines	^[34]
			Quezon, Philippines	^[35]
			Japan	^[36] ^[37]
			Japan	^[38] ^[39]
	June 22, 2017	18	Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey	^[40]
	July 31, 2017	18	Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey	^[41]
	August 25 – September 1, 2017	52	Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee	^[42]
	October 28–29, 2017	2	Florida	^[43] ^[44]
	May 31, 2018	4	Florida, South Carolina, Ohio	^[45]
	September 5–8, 2018	7	Mississippi, Kentucky, Indiana	^[46]
	September 13–17, 2018	44	North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina	^[47]
	September 14, 2018	1		^[48]
	October 10, 2018	16	Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia	^[49]
	September 5–6, 2019	20		^[50]
	October 12, 2019	1	Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan	^[51]
	October 19, 2019	3		^[52]

2020–present

Tropical cyclone	Outbreak dates	Tornadoes	Location of tornado(es)	Refs
	April 8, 2020	Several	Fiji	^[53]
	June 6, 2020	13		^[54]
Tropical Storm Fay	July 11, 2020	1	Maine	^[55]
Hurricane Hanna	July 26, 2020	5	Texas	^[56] ^[57]
Hurricane Isaias	August 3–4, 2020	39	East Coast of the United States	^[58]
Hurricane Laura	August 27–28, 2020	16	Gulf Coast of the United States
Hurricane Sally	September 16–18, 2020	23	Southern United States
Subtropical Storm Alpha	September 18, 2020	2	Portugal
Tropical Storm Beta	September 25, 2020	1	South Carolina
Hurricane Delta	October 8–11, 2020	14	Southern United States
Tropical Storm Claudette	June 19–20, 2021	9	Southern United States	^[59]
Hurricane Elsa	July 6–9, 2021	17	East Coast of the United States
Tropical Storm Fred	August 17–19, 2021	30	East Coast of the United States
Hurricane Ida	August 29–September 2, 2021	29	Southeastern to Mid-Atlantic to Northeastern United States
Tropical Storm Alex	June 3, 2022	2	Cuba	^[60]
Typhoon Chaba (Caloy)	June 28, 2022	3	Shantou, Chaozhou, and Foshan	^[61] ^[62] ^[63]
Hurricane Ian	September 27–28, 2022	15	Florida, North Carolina	^[64]
Hurricane Idalia	August 30, 2023	12	Florida
Typhoon Ewiniar (Aghon)	May 26, 2024	1	Lavezares, Northern Samar, Philippines	^[65]
Hurricane Beryl	July 8–10, 2024	67	Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Kentucky, Indiana, New York, Ontario	^[66] ^[67]
Hurricane Debby	August 4–8, 2024	24	Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware

See also

• Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
• List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
• List of F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes
• List of F4, EF4, and IF4 tornadoes
  • List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2000–2009)
  • List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2010–2019)
  • List of F4, EF4, and IF4 tornadoes (2020–present)

Further reading

• Book: Grazulis, Thomas P.. Thomas P. Grazulis. Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 1993. St. Johnsbury, Vermont. 1-879362-03-1.
• Schultz . Lori A. . D.J. Cecil . Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes, 1950–2007 . Mon. Wea. Rev. . 137 . 10 . 3471–84 . Oct 2009 . 10.1175/2009MWR2896.1 . 2009MWRv..137.3471S . free .
• Roger . Edwards . Roger Edwards (meteorologist) . Tropical cyclone tornado records for the modernized National Weather Service era . 25th Conf. Severe Local Storms . American Meteorological Society . 2010 . Denver, Colorado .
• Verbout . S. M. . D. M. Schultz . L. M. Leslie . H. E. Brooks . D. J. Karoly . K. L. Elmore . Tornado outbreaks associated with landfalling hurricanes in the north Atlantic Basin: 1954–2004 . Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. . 97 . 1–4 . 255–71 . 2007 . 10.1007/s00703-006-0256-x . 2007MAP....97..255V . 29424761 .
• Stephanie M. . Verbout . L.M. Leslie . H.E. Brooks . D.M. Schultz . D.J. Karoly . Tornado outbreaks associated with land-falling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin . 6th Conf. Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes . American Meteorological Society . 2005 . San Diego, California .
• Roger . Edwards . Roger Edwards (meteorologist) . Tornado production by exiting tropical cyclones . 23rd Conf. Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology . American Meteorological Society . 1999 . Dallas, Texas .
• Edwards . Roger . Roger Edwards (meteorologist) . Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes: A Review of Knowledge in Research and Prediction . Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology . 7 . 6 . 2012 . 1–61 . 10.55599/ejssm.v7i6.42. free .

External links

• The Tornado Project
• Hurricanes vs. Tornadoes (AOML)
• Tropical Cyclone Tornado Research Group at Saint Louis University

Notes and References

1. Web site: Edwards . Roger . Roger Edwards (meteorologist) . Tropical cyclone tornado data set . Storm Prediction Center . xls . 2012-01-24 . etal.
2. Web site: Grazulis, Tom. McCaul, Bill. Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Which Have Spawned Tornadoes . The Tornado Project.
3. Web site: Baker tornadoes . Tornado History Project . Storm Prediction Center . 20 November 2020.
4. Web site: Able tornadoes . Tornado History Project . Storm Prediction Center . 20 November 2020.
5. Web site: Grazulis, Tom. The Tornado Project. McCaul, Bill. Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Spawning 20 or More Known Tornadoes.
6. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. May 15, 2020. September 1961 Tornado Summary.
7. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. May 15, 2020. August 1964 Tornado Summary.
8. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. May 15, 2020. September 1964 Tornado Summary.
9. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. May 15, 2020. October 1964 Tornado Summary.
10. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. May 15, 2020. September 1965 Tornado Summary.
11. [United Press International]
12. David M. Roth. Tropical Depression Eight – August 27 – September 1, 1981. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
13. News: Tropical storm Tess leavs hundreds homeless, one dead in Philippines. UPI. September 3, 1985. November 21, 2020.
14. News: Typhoon spawns twister in Philippines. UPI. October 23, 1988. November 21, 2020.
15. Richard J. Pasch, Todd B. Kimberlain and Stacy R. Stewart. Preliminary Report: Hurricane Floyd 7 – 17 September, 1999. Retrieved on 2008-05-31.
16. Beven, John L. Avila, Lixion A. Blake, Eric S. Brown, Daniel P. Franklin, James L. Knabb, Richard D. Pasch, Richard J. Rhome, Jamie R. Stewart, Stacy R. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005. March 1, 2008. Monthly Weather Review. 136. 3. 1109–1173. 10.1175/2007MWR2074.1. American Meteorological Society. 2008MWRv..136.1109B . free.
17. Franklin, James L. 137. 3. 1174–1200. Brown, Daniel P. Monthly Weather Review. 10.1175/2007MWR2377.1. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2006. American Meteorological Society. 2007. 2008MWRv..136.1174F . 119982246 . free.
18. Brennan, Michael J. Knabb, Richard J. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2007. Mainelli, Michelle. Kimberlain, Todd B. 138. 5. Monthly Weather Review. live. 4061–4088. 10.1175/2009MWR2995.1. December 4, 2013. American Meteorological Society. https://web.archive.org/web/20180211132051/https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2009MWR3174.1. February 11, 2018. 2009. 2009MWRv..137.4061B . free. Alt URL
19. RA IV Hurricane Committee. Member Report: Cuba: Summary of the 2007 Hurricane Season In Cuba. Instituto de Meteorología. April 7, 2008. World Meteorological Organization. December 4, 2013. 1.
20. Brown, Daniel P. Beven, John L. Franklin, James L. Blake, Eric S. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008. Monthly Weather Review. May 1, 2010. 138. 5. American Meteorological Society. 1975–2001. 10.1175/2009MWR3174.1. 2010MWRv..138.1975B . free.
21. Web site: Tropical storm kills 6 in central Philippines. Shanghai Daily. 24 June 2009 . 2019-03-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081742/https://archive.shine.cn/world/Tropical-storm-kills-6-in-central-Philippines/shdaily.shtml. 2019-03-08. live.
22. Pasch, Richard J . December 15, 2010 . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012010_Alex}} Hurricane Alex: June 25 – July 2, 2010 ]. Tropical Cyclone Report . 3 . PDF. United States National Hurricane Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20240418010526/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012010_Alex.pdf . April 18, 2024. live . May 20, 2024.
23. Web site: Western Australian Regional Office . Severe Tropical Cyclone Carlos . December 26, 2013 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . https://web.archive.org/web/20120406174337/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/wa/watc20110213.shtml . April 6, 2012 . live.
24. Beven II, John L . August 8, 2012 . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012011_Arlene}} Tropical Storm Arlene: June 28 – July 1, 2011 ]. Tropical Cyclone Report . 2 . PDF . United States National Hurricane Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20240418010320/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012011_Arlene.pdf . April 18, 2024 . May 9, 2017.
25. PDF. 4–5. Tropical Cyclone Report. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL132011_Lee}} Tropical Storm Lee]. Brown, Daniel P. December 15, 2011. December 4, 2013. United States National Hurricane Center.
26. Beven II, John L . December 12, 2012 . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL022012_Beryl}} Tropical Storm Beryl: May 20 – 26, 2012 ]. Tropical Cyclone Report. 4 . United States National Hurricane Center. PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418010318/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL022012_Beryl.pdf . April 18, 2024 . May 9, 2017.
27. Kimberlain, Todd B . January 7, 2013 . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL042012_Debby}} Tropical Storm Debby: June 23 – 27, 2012 ]. 4 . Tropical Cyclone Report . December 4, 2013 . United States National Hurricane Center. April 18, 2024 . live . PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418010317/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042012_Debby.pdf .
28. Berg, Robert J . January 28, 2013 . Tropical Cyclone Report . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL092012_Isaac}} Hurricane Issac: August 21 – September 1, 2012 ]. December 4, 2013 . PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517043353/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092012_Isaac.pdf . United States National Hurricane Center. 8 . May 17, 2024. live .
29. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 7th Integrated Workshop . Member Report: Japan . Japan Meteorological Agency . December 27, 2013 . November 22, 2012 . ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee . December 4, 2013 . http://www.typhooncommittee.org/IWS_Nanjing/index.html . 9–10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131227194835/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/IWS_Nanjing/Docs%20Nanjing/Members%20Report/7th_IWS_TC_CR_Japan.pdf . dead .
30. Blake, Eric S . Kimberlain, Todd B . Berg, Robert J . Cangialosi, John P. Beven II, John L. February 12, 2013 . Tropical Cyclone Report . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL182012_Sandy}} Hurricane Sandy: October 22 – 29, 2012 ]. December 4, 2013 . United States National Hurricane Center . PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20240518140715/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL182012_Sandy.pdf . May 18, 2024. live . 14 .
31. Web site: Storm Events Database – Event Details National Centers for Environmental Information.
32. Queensland Regional Office . Australian Bureau of Meteorology . February 2013 . December 4, 2013 . Tropical Cyclone Oswald . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193930/http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/qld/qldtc20130117.shtml . September 23, 2015 . live .
33. Beven II, John L . August 22, 2013 . Tropical Cyclone Report . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012013_Andrea}} Tropical Storm Andrea: June 5 – 7, 2013 ]. PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20240410233919/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012013_Andrea.pdf . April 10, 2024 . United States National Hurricane Center. 4–5 . May 9, 2017.
34. Web site: Effects of Tropical Depression "Fabian" in Region IV-B . National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council . December 7, 2013 . June 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131211104057/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1050/UPD%20re%20Effects%20of%20TD%20Fabian%20in%20Region%20IV-B%2022%20June2013.pdf.PDF . December 11, 2013 . dead .
35. Web site: SitRep No.9 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "Gorio" . December 4, 2013 . July 1, 2013 . National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131205024434/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1054/sitrep%209%20update%20gorio.PDF . December 5, 2013 .
36. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 8th Integrated Workshop/2nd TRCG Forum . Member Report: Japan . November 22, 2013 . December 3, 2013 . ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee . December 4, 2013 . http://www.typhooncommittee.org/8IWS_2TRCG/index.html . Japan Meteorological Agency . 9 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001134/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/8IWS_2TRCG/docs/Members%20Report/MEMBER%20REPORT_Japan%20-%20Final.pdf . dead .
37. ja . 平成25年9月2日からの突風及び大雨による被害状況等について（最終報） . Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency . Damage situation due heavy rain and wind gusts from the September 2, 2013 (Final Report) . December 26, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131227062312/http://www.fdma.go.jp/bn/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9025%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%882%E6%97%A5%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E7%AA%81%E9%A2%A8%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%A8%E7%AD%89%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%B3%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%A0%B1%29%20%20.pdf . December 27, 2013 . dead .
38. Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency . ja . 台風第１８号による被害状況等について（第１１報） . Damage status, etc. according to 18 Typhoon (Report 11) . October 7, 2013 . December 21, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140214060224/http://www.fdma.go.jp/bn/%E5%8F%B0%E9%A2%A8%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%98%E5%8F%B7%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%B3%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%911%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%89.pdf . February 14, 2014 . dead .
39. https://web.archive.org/web/20141104004149/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/9IWS/DOCS/Members%20Report/Japan/MEMBER%20REPORT_japan_2014.pdf. Japan Meteorological Agency. Japan. live. Member Report. January 4, 2015. April 18, 2015. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 9th Integrated Workshop October 20–23, 2014. November 4, 2014.
40. Berg, Robbie. January 26, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL032017_Cindy}} Tropical Storm Cindy: June 20 - 23, 2017]. 5. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
41. Berg, Robbie. January 26, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL032017_Cindy}} Tropical Storm Cindy: June 20 - 23, 2017]. 5. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
42. Blake, Eric S. Zelinsky, David A. May 9, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL092017_Harvey}} Hurricane Harvey: August 17 – September 1, 2018]. 8. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
43. Web site: Tornado touches down in Bird Road neighborhood. Miami Herald. October 28, 2017. October 28, 2017. Howard. Cohen.
44. Web site: Tower cam captures video of tornado in West Palm Beach. WFLA. October 29, 2017. October 29, 2017.
45. Berg, Robbie. October 18, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012018_Alberto}} Tropical Storm Alberto: May 25 – 31, 2018]. 6. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
46. Brown, Daniel P. Latto, Andrew. Berg, Robbie. October 18, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL072018_Gordon}} Hurricane Gordon: August 31 – September 17, 2018]. 6. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
47. Stewart, Stacy R. Berg, Robbie. October 18, 2018. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL062018_Florence}} Hurricane Florence: August 31 – September 17, 2018]. 8. PDF. September 25, 2019. Tropical Cyclone Report.
48. Web site: Buhawi nanalasa sa Marikina; 2 residente nakuryente . tl . ABS-CBN News . 14 September 2018 . 15 September 2018.
49. Beven II, John L. Berg, Robbie. Hagen, Andrew. May 17, 2019. United States National Hurricane Center. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL142018_Michael}} Hurricane Michael: October 7 – 11, 2018]. PDF. September 25, 2019. 10. Tropical Cyclone Report.
50. Web site: Hurricane Dorian, already responsible for 20 reported tornadoes, lashes North Carolina coast. Winsor. Morgan. Shapiro. Emily. 6 September 2019. abcnews.go.com. 7 September 2019.
51. Web site: Demetriou . Danielle . Ryall . Julian . Millions evacuated as Super Typhoon Hagibis slams into Japan – throwing Rugby World Cup into chaos . The Telegraph . 12 October 2019 . 12 October 2019.
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53. Fiji Climate Summary: April 2020 Volume 41: Issue 4. https://web.archive.org/web/20200820132132/https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/Climate_Products/April%202020climateSum2020.07.23%2008.11.03.pdf. August 20, 2020. Fiji Meteorological Service. August 23, 2020. May 8, 2020.
54. Web site: Cristobal's Outer Bands Bring Tornado to Downtown Orlando. 6 June 2020. weather.com. 6 June 2020.
55. Web site: Daryl . Herzmann. IEM :: PNS from NWS GYX. 2020-08-06. mesonet.agron.iastate.edu.
56. Web site: Daryl . Herzmann. IEM :: PNS from NWS BRO. 2020-08-06. mesonet.agron.iastate.edu.
57. Web site: Daryl . Herzmann. IEM :: PNS from NWS EWX. 2020-08-06. mesonet.agron.iastate.edu.
58. Web site: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit . apps.dat.noaa.gov . 7 August 2020.
59. Web site: Claudette's tornado tally reaches 7 across 4 states . . 23 June 2021.
60. Web site: NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT TROPICAL STORM ALEX (AL012022) . National Hurricane Center . 14 November 2022.
61. Web site: Another urban tornado just occurred in #Foshan, China within the outer rainbands of Tropical Storm #Chaba. The city of #Foshan is prone to tornadoes and interestingly, an analog Typhoon #Prapiroon (2006) also dropped a tornado nearby. . . FansOfStorms . 2 July 2022.
62. Web site: More tornadoes reported from the outer rainbands of Typhoon #Chaba. This video is taken in #Chaozhou, over 300 miles away from the storm center, reminding us how widespread these typhoon-related hazards can be! (witness: @LCLCLKLZ on Weibo) . . FansOfStorms . 2 July 2022.
63. Web site: Another one! Waterspout moving onshore in #Shantou, within the outer rainbands of Typhoon #Chaba, well over 300 miles away from the storm center! . Twitter . FansOfStorms . 2 July 2022.
64. Web site: Boca Raton/Delray Beach/Kings Point EF-2 Tornado . Iowa State University . National Weather Service . 29 September 2022.
65. Web site: 2024-05-25 . Ipu-ipo nanalasa sa Northern Samar sa kasagsagan ng bagyong Aghon . 2024-05-25 . ABS-CBN . fil.
66. Web site: Hurricane Beryl Spawned Most US Tornadoes Of Any Tropical System In 19 Years. Erdman. Jonathan. July 21, 2024. The Weather Channel. July 26, 2024.
67. Web site: Two EF0 tornadoes in London, ON on July 10 . July 13, 2024 . www.uwo.ca . en.