Book of the Later Han explained

Book of the Later Han should not be confused with Book of Han.

Book of the Later Han
Author:Fan Ye et al
Country:China
Language:Classical Chinese
Subject:Ancient Chinese history (Han dynasty)
Pub Date:5th century

The Book of the Later Han, also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hou Hanshu, is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later or Eastern Han. The book was compiled by Fan Ye and others in the 5th century during the Liu Song dynasty, using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources.

Background

In 23 CE, Han dynasty official Wang Mang was overthrown by a peasants' revolt known as the Red Eyebrows.[1] His fall separates the Early (or Western) Han dynasty from the Later (or Eastern) Han dynasty.

As an orthodox history, the book is unusual in being completed over two hundred years after the fall of the dynasty. Fan Ye's primary source was the Dongguan Hanji (東觀漢記; "Han Records of the Eastern Lodge"), which was written during the Han dynasty itself.[2]

Contents

The book is part of four early historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories canon, together with the Records of the Grand Historian, Book of Han and Records of the Three Kingdoms. Fan Ye used earlier histories, including accounts by Sima Qian and Ban Gu, along with many others (some had similar names, such as the Han Records of the Eastern Lodge by various contemporaries throughout the 2nd century, and the Records of Later Han by Yuan Hong from the 4th century), most of which did not survive intact.

The section on the Treatise on the Western Regions was based on a report composed by Ban Yong (with a few later additions) and presented to Emperor An of Han in around 125. It presumably includes notes from his father Ban Chao. It forms the 88th chapter (or 118th chapter in some editions)[3] of the Book of the Later Han, and is a key source for the cultural and socio-economic data on the Western Regions, including the earliest accounts of Daqin (the Roman Empire), and some of the most detailed early reports on India and Central Asia. It contains a few references to events occurring after the death of Emperor An, including a brief account of the arrival of the first official envoys from Rome in 166.[4]

Fan Ye, himself, clearly says that the new information contained in this section on the Western Regions, is largely based on information from the report of Ban Yong:

"Ban Gu has recorded in detail the local conditions and customs of each kingdom in the former book [''Book of Han'' or 'History of the Former Han Dynasty']. Now, the reports of the Jianwu period [25-56] onwards recorded in this 'Chapter on the Western Regions' differ from the earlier [ones by Ban Gu]; they are from Ban Yong's report [presented] at the end of [the reign of] Emperor An [107-125], and so on."[5]

Annals (紀)

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卷一上 光武帝紀 第一上 Annals of Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu of Han
卷一下 光武帝紀 第一下 Annals of Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu of Han
卷二 顯宗孝明帝紀 第二 Annals of Emperor Xianzong Xiaoming Emperor Ming of Han
卷三 肅宗孝章帝紀 第三 Annals of Emperor Suzong Xiaozhang Emperor Zhang of Han
卷四 孝和孝殤帝紀 第四 Annals of Emperor Xiaohe; Emperor Xiaoshang Emperor He of Han
Emperor Shang of Han
卷五 孝安帝紀 第五 Annals of Emperor Xiao'an Emperor An of Han
卷六 孝順孝沖孝質帝紀 第六 Annals of Emperor Xiaoshun; Emperor Xiaochong; Emperor Xiaozhi Emperor Shun of Han
Emperor Chong of Han; Emperor Zhi of Han
卷七 孝桓帝紀 第七 Annals of Emperor Xiaohuan Emperor Huan of Han
卷八 孝靈帝紀 第八 Annals of Emperor Xiaoling Emperor Ling of Han
卷九 孝獻帝紀 第九 Annals of Emperor Xiaoxian Emperor Xian of Han
Liu Bian
卷十上 皇后紀 第十上 Annals of Empresses Guo Shengtong
Empress Yin Lihua; Empress Ma; Consort Jia; Empress Dou; Empress Yin; Empress Deng Sui
卷十下 皇后紀 第十下 Annals of Empresses Empress Yan Ji
Empress Liang Na; Beautiful Lady Yu; Lady Chen; Empress Yan Ming; Empress Liang Nüying; Empress Deng Mengnü; Empress Dou Miao; Empress Dong; Empress Song; Empress He; Empress Fu Shou; Empress Cao Jie

Biographies (列傳)

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卷十一 劉玄劉盆子列傳 第一
卷十二 王劉張李彭盧列傳 第二 Biographies of Wang, Liu, Zhang, Li, Peng, Lu Wang Chang (王昌); Liu Yong (劉永); Pang Meng (龐萌); Zhang Bu (張步); Wang Hong (王閎); Li Xian (李憲); Peng Chong (彭寵); Lu Fang (盧芳)
卷十三 隗囂公孫述列傳 第三
卷十四 宗室四王三侯列傳 第四 Biographies of the Imperial Clan, Four Princes and Three Marquises Liu Yan
Liu Xing (劉興); Liu Liang (劉良); Liu Zhi (劉祉); Liu Xi (劉歙); Liu Ci (劉賜); Liu Shun (劉順); Liu Jia (劉嘉)
卷十五 李王鄧來列傳 第五 Biographies of Li, Wang, Deng, Lai Li Tong (李通); Wang Chang (王常); Deng Chen (鄧晨); Lai Xi (來歙)
卷十六 鄧寇列傳 第六 Biographies of Deng, Kou Deng Yu
Kou Xun (寇恂)
卷十七 馮岑賈列傳 第七 Biographies of Feng, Cen, Jia Feng Yi
Cen Peng (岑彭); Jia Fu (賈復)
卷十八 吳蓋陳臧列傳 第八 Biographies of Wu, Gai, Chen, Zang Wu Han
Gai Yan (蓋延); Chen Jun (陳俊); Zang Gong (臧宮)
卷十九 耿弇列傳 第九
卷二十 銚期王霸祭遵列傳 第十
卷二十一 任李萬邳劉耿列傳 第十一 Biographies of Ren, Li, Wan, Pi, Liu, Geng Ren Guang (任光); Li Zhong (李忠); Wan Xiu (萬脩); Pi Tong (邳彤); Liu Zhi (劉植); Geng Chun (耿純)
卷二十二 朱景王杜馬劉傅堅馬列傳 第十二 Biographies of Zhu, Jing, Wang, Du, Ma, Liu, Fu, Jian, Ma Zhu You (朱祐); Jing Dan (景丹); Wang Liang (王梁); Du Mao (杜茂); Ma Cheng (馬成); Liu Long (劉隆); Fu Jun (傅俊); Jian Tan (堅鐔); Ma Wu (馬武)
卷二十三 竇融列傳 第十三 Dou Rong (竇融); Dou Gu; Dou Xian; Dou Zhang (竇章)
卷二十四 馬援列傳 第十四
卷二十五 卓魯魏劉列傳 第十五 Biography of Zhuo, Lu, Wei, Liu Zhuo Mao (卓茂); Lu Gong (魯恭); Wei Ba (魏霸); Liu Kuan (劉寬)
卷二十六 伏侯宋蔡馮趙牟韋列傳 第十六 Biographies of Fu, Hou, Song, Cai, Feng, Zhao, Mou, Wei Fu Zhan (伏湛); Hou Ba (侯霸); Song Hong (宋弘); Cai Mao (蔡茂); Guo He (郭賀); Feng Qin (馮勤); Zhao Xi (趙憙); Mou Rong (牟融); Wei Biao (韋彪)
卷二十七 宣張二王杜郭吳承鄭趙列傳 第十七 Biographies of Xuan, Zhang, two Wangs, Du, Guo, Wu, Cheng, Zheng, Zhao Xuan Bing (宣秉); Zhang Zhan (張湛); Wang Dan (王丹); Wang Liang (王良); Du Lin (杜林); Guo Dan (郭丹); Wu Liang (吳良); (承宮); Zheng Jun (鄭均); Zhao Dian (趙典)
卷二十八上 桓譚馮衍列傳 第十八上 Biographies of Huan Tan; Feng Yan
卷二十八下 馮衍傳 第十八下 Biography of Feng Yan Feng Bao (馮豹)
卷二十九 申屠剛鮑永郅惲列傳 第十九
卷三十上 蘇竟楊厚列傳 第二十上 Biographies of Su Jing; Yang Hou
卷三十下 郎顗襄楷列傳 第二十下
卷三十一 郭杜孔張廉王蘇羊賈陸列傳 第二十一 Biographies of Guo, Du, Kong, Zhang, Lian, Wang, Su, Yang, Jia, Lu Guo Ji (郭伋); Du Shi; Kong Fen (孔奮); Zhang Kan (張堪); Lian Fan (廉范); Wang Tang (王堂); Su Zhang (蘇章); Yang Xu (羊續); Jia Cong (賈琮); Lu Kang (陸康)
卷三十二 樊宏陰識列傳 第二十二
卷三十三 朱馮虞鄭周列傳 第二十三 Biographies of Zhu, Feng, Yu, Zheng, Zhou Zhu Fu (朱浮); Feng Fang (馮魴); Yu Yan (虞延); Zheng Hong (鄭弘); Zhou Zhang (周章)
卷三十四 梁統列傳 第二十四
卷三十五 張曹鄭列傳 第二十五 Biographies of Zhang, Cao, Zheng Zhang Chun
Zhang Fen (張奮); Cao Bao (曹褒); Zheng Xuan
卷三十六 鄭范陳賈張列傳 第二十六 Biographies of Zheng, Fan, Chen, Jia, Zhang Zheng Xing (鄭興); Zheng Zhong (鄭衆); Fan Sheng (范升); Chen Yuan (陳元); Jia Kui (賈逵); Zhang Ba (張霸); Zhang Kai (張楷); Zhang Ling; Zhang Xuan (張玄)
卷三十七 桓榮丁鴻列傳 第二十七
卷三十八 張法滕馮度楊列傳 第二十八 Biographies of Zhang, Fa, Teng, Feng, Du, Yang Zhang Zong (張宗); Fa Xiong (法雄); Teng Fu (滕撫); Feng Gun (馮緄); Du Shang (度尚); Yang Xuan (楊璿)
卷三十九 劉趙淳于江劉周趙列傳 第二十九 Biographies of Liu, Zhao, Chunyu, Jiang, Liu, Zhou, Zhao Liu Ping (劉平); Zhao Xiao (趙孝); Chunyu Gong (淳于恭); Jiang Ge (江革); Liu Ban (劉般); Zhou Pan (周磐); Zhao Zi (趙咨)
卷四十上 班彪列傳 第三十上
卷四十下 班彪列傳 第三十下 Ban Gu
卷四十一 第五鍾離宋寒列傳 第三十一 Biographies of Diwu, Zhongli, Song, Han Diwu Lun (第五倫); Zhongli Yi (鍾離意); Song Jun (宋均); Han Lang (寒朗)
卷四十二 光武十王列傳 第三十二 Biographies of Ten Princes of Guangwu Liu Jiang (劉彊); Liu Fu (劉輔); Liu Kang (劉康); Liu Yan (劉延); Liu Yan (劉焉); Liu Ying; Liu Cang (劉蒼); Liu Jing (劉荊); Liu Heng (劉衡); Liu Jing (劉京)
卷四十三 朱樂何列傳 第三十三 Biographies of Zhu, Yue, He Zhu Hui (朱暉); Sun Mu (孫穆); Yue Hui (樂恢); He Chang (何敞)
卷四十四 鄧張徐張胡列傳 第三十四 Biographies of Deng, Zhang, Xu, Zhang, Hu Deng Biao (鄧彪); Zhang Yu (張禹); Xu Fang (徐防); Zhang Min (張敏); Hu Guang (胡廣)
卷四十五 袁張韓周列傳 第三十五 Biographies of Yuan, Zhang, Han, Zhou Yuan An
Yuan Jing (袁京); Yuan Chang (袁敞); Zhang Pu (張酺); Han Leng (韓棱); Zhou Rong (周榮)
卷四十六 郭陳列傳 第三十六 Biographies of Guo, Chen Guo Gong (郭躬); Chen Chong (陳寵)
卷四十七 班梁列傳 第三十七 Biographies of Ban, Liang Ban Chao
Liang Jin (梁慬)
卷四十八 楊李翟應霍爰徐列傳 第三十八 Biographies of Yang, Li, Di, Ying, Huo, Yuan, Xu Yang Zhong (楊終); Li Fa (李法); Di Pu (翟酺); Ying Feng (應奉); Ying Shao; Huo Xu (霍諝); Yuan Yan (爰延); Xu Qiu (徐璆)
卷四十九 王充王符仲長統列傳 第三十九
卷五十 孝明八王列傳 第四十 Biographies of Eight Princes of Xiaoming Liu Jian (劉建); Liu Xian (劉羨); Liu Gong (劉恭); Liu Dang (劉黨); Liu Yan (劉衍); Liu Chang (劉暢); Liu Bing (劉昞); Liu Chang (劉長)
卷五十一 李陳龐陳橋列傳 第四十一 Biographies of Li, Chen, Pang, Chen, Qiao Li Xun (李恂); Chen Shan (陳禪); Pang Shen (龐參); Chen Gui (陳龜), Qiao Xuan
卷五十二 崔駰列傳 第四十二
卷五十三 周黃徐姜申屠列傳 第四十三 Biographies of Zhou, Huang, Xu, Jiang, Shentu Zhou Xie (周燮); Huang Xian (黃憲); Xu Zhi (徐稺); Jiang Gong (姜肱); Shentu Pan (申屠蟠)
卷五十四 楊震列傳 第四十四
卷五十五 章帝八王傳 第四十五 Biographies of Eight Princes of Emperor Zhang Liu Kang (劉伉); Liu Quan (劉全); Liu Qing; Liu Shou (劉壽); Liu Kai (劉開); Liu Shu (劉淑); Liu Wansui (劉萬歳); Liu Sheng (劉勝)
卷五十六 張王種陳列傳 第四十六 Biographies of Zhang, Wang, Zhong, Chen Zhang Hao (張晧); Wang Gong (王龔); Zhong Gao (種暠); Chen Qiu (陳球)
卷五十七 杜欒劉李劉謝列傳 第四十七 Biographies of Du, Luan, Liu, Li, Liu, Xie Du Gen (杜根); Luan Ba (欒巴); Liu Tao (劉陶); Li Yun (李雲); Liu Yu (劉瑜); Xie Bi (謝弼)
卷五十八 虞傅蓋臧列傳 第四十八 Biographies of Yu, Fu, Gai, Zang Yu Xu (虞詡); Fu Xie (傅燮); Gai Xun (蓋勳); Zang Hong (臧洪)
卷五十九 張衡列傳 第四十九
卷六十上 馬融列傳 第五十上
卷六十下 蔡邕列傳 第五十下
卷六十一 左周黃列傳 第五十一 Biographies of Zuo, Zhou, Huang Zuo Xiong (左雄); Zhou Ju (周舉); Zhou Xie (周勰); Huang Qiong (黃瓊); Huang Wan (黃琬)
卷六十二 荀韓鍾陳列傳 第五十二 Biographies of Xun, Han, Zhong, Chen Xun Shu
Xun Shuang; Xun Yue; Han Shao (韓韶); Zhong Hao (鍾皓); Chen Shi (陳寔); Chen Ji (陳紀)
卷六十三 李杜列傳 第五十三 Biographies of Li, Du Li Gu (李固); Du Qiao (杜喬)
卷六十四 吳延史盧趙列傳 第五十四 Biographies of Wu, Yan, Shi, Lu, Zhao Wu You (吳祐); Yan Du (延篤); Shi Bi (史弼); Lu Zhi; Zhao Qi
卷六十五 皇甫張段列傳 第五十五 Biographies of Huangfu, Zhang, Duan Huangfu Gui (皇甫規); Zhang Huan (張奐); Duan Jiong (段熲)
卷六十六 陳王列傳 第五十六 Biographies of Chen, Wang Chen Fan
Wang Yun
卷六十七 黨錮列傳 第五十七 Liu Shu (劉淑); Li Ying; Du Mi (杜密); Liu You (劉佑); Wei Lang (魏朗); Xia Fu (夏馥); Zong Ci (宗慈); Ba Su (巴肅); Fan Pang (范滂); Yin Xun (尹勳); Cai Yan (蔡衍); Yang Zhi (羊陟); Zhang Jian (張儉); Cen Zhi (岑晊); Chen Xiang (陳翔); (苑康); Tan Fu (檀敷); Liu Ru (劉儒); Jia Biao (賈彪); He Yong
卷六十八 郭符許列傳 第五十八 Biographies of Guo, Fu, Xu Guo Tai (郭泰); Fu Rong (符融); Xu Shao
卷六十九 竇何列傳 第五十九 Biographies of Dou, He Dou Wu
He Jin
卷七十 鄭孔荀列傳 第六十 Biographies of Zheng, Kong, Xun Zheng Tai (鄭泰); Kong Rong; Xun Yu
卷七十一 皇甫嵩朱鑈列傳 第六十一
卷七十二 董卓列傳 第六十二
卷七十三 劉虞公孫瓚陶謙列傳 第六十三
卷七十四上 袁紹劉表列傳 第六十四上
卷七十四下 袁紹劉表列傳 第六十四下
卷七十五 劉焉袁術呂布列傳 第六十五
卷七十六 循吏列傳 第六十六 Biographies of Upright Officials Wei Sa (衛颯); Wang Jing (王景); Qin Peng (秦彭); Wang Huan (王渙); Xu Jing (許荊); Meng Chang (孟嘗); Diwu Fang (第五訪); Liu Ju (劉矩); Liu Chong (劉寵); Qiu Lan (仇覽); Tong Hui (童恢); Di Yi (弟翊)
卷七十七 酷吏列傳 第六十七 Biographies of Cruel Officials Dong Xuan (董宣); Fan Ye (樊曄); Li Zhang (李章); Zhou Zi (周錙); Huang Chang (黃昌); Yang Qiu (陽球); Wang Ji (王吉)
卷七十八 宦者列傳 第六十八 Biographies of Eunuchs Zheng Zhong (鄭眾); Cai Lun; Sun Cheng; Cao Teng; Shan Chao (單超); Hou Lan; Cao Jie; Shen Zhong (審忠); Lü Qiang (呂強); Zhang Rang
卷七十九上 儒林列傳 第六十九上 Biographies of Confucian Scholars Liu Kun (劉昆); Zi Die (子軼); Wa Dan (窪丹); Yang Hong (陽鴻); Ren An (任安); Yang Zheng (楊政); Zhang Xing (張興); Dai Ping (戴憑); Wei Man (魏滿); Sun Qi (孫期); Ouyang Xi (歐陽歙); Cao Zeng (曹曾); Song Deng (宋登); Zhang Xun (張馴); Yin Min (尹敏); Zhou Fang (周防); Kong Xi (孔僖); Yang Lun (楊倫)
卷七十九下 儒林列傳 第六十九下 Biographies of Confucian Scholars Gao Xu (高詡); Bao Xian (包鹹); Wei Ying (魏應); Fu Gong (伏恭); Ren Mo (任末); Jing Luan (景鸞); Xue Han (薛漢); Du Fu (杜撫); Zhao Xun (召馴); Yang Ren (楊仁); Zhao Ye (趙曄); Shi Shan (時山); Dong Jun (董鈞); Ding Gong (丁恭); Zhou Ze (周澤); Zhang Kan (張堪); Zhong Xing (鐘興); Zhen Yu (甄宇); Lou Wang (樓望); Cheng Zeng (程曾); Zhang Xuan (張玄); Li Yu (李育); He Xiu (何休); Fu Qian (服虔); Ying Rong (穎容); Xie Gai (謝該); Xu Shen; Cai Xuan (蔡玄)
卷八十上 文苑列傳 第七十上 Biographies of Writers Du Du (杜篤); Wang Long (王隆); Xia Gong (夏恭); Fu Yi (傅毅); Huang Xiang (黃香); Liu Yi (劉毅); Li You (李尤); Su Shun (蘇順); Liu Zhen (劉珍); Ge Gong (葛龔); Wang Yi (王逸); Cui Qi (崔琦); Bian Shao (邊韶)
卷八十下 文苑列傳 第七十下 Biographies of Writers Zhang Sheng (張升); Shi Jun (仕郡); Zhao Yi (趙壹); Liu Liang (劉梁); Bian Rang (邊讓); Li Yan (酈炎); Hou Jin (侯瑾); Gao Biao (高彪); Zhang Chao (張超); Mi Heng
卷八十一 獨行列傳 第七十一 Biographies of Loners Qiao Xuan (譙玄); Li Ye (李業); Liu Mao (劉茂); Wen Xu (溫序); Peng Xiu (彭修); Suolu Fang (索盧放); Zhou Jia (周嘉); Fan Shi (範式); Li Shan (李善); Wang Tun (王忳); Ling Xu (陵續); Li Chong (李充); Miao Rong (繆肜); Chen Zhong (陳重); Lei Yi (雷義); Fan Ran (范冉); Dai Jiu (戴就); Zhao Bao (趙苞); Xiang Xu (向栩); Liang Fu (諒輔); Liu Yi (劉翊); Wang Lie (王烈)
卷八十二上 方術列傳 第七十二上 Biographies of Alchemists Ren Wengong (任文公); Guo Xian (郭憲); Xu Yang (許楊); Gao Huo (高獲); Wang Qiaozhe (王喬者); Xie Yiwu (謝夷吾); Yang You (楊由); Li Nan (李南); Li He (李合); Feng Zhou (馮冑); Duan Yi (段翳); Liao Fu (廖扶); Zhe Xiang (折像); Fan Ying (樊英)
卷八十二下 方術列傳 第七十二下 Biographies of Alchemists Tang Tan (唐檀); Gongsha Mu (公沙穆); Xu Man (許曼); Zhao Yan (趙彥); Fan Zhizhang (樊志張); Shan Yang (單揚); Han Shuo (韓說); Dong Fu (董扶); Guo Yu (郭玉); Hua Tuo; Xu Deng (徐登); Fei Changfang (費長房); Ji Zixun (薊子訓); Liu Gen (劉根); Zuo Ci; Ji Zixun (計子勳); Wang Heping (王和平)
卷八十三 逸民列傳 第七十三 Biographies of Hermits Xiang Chang (向長); Feng Meng (逢萌); Zhou Dang (周黨); Wang Ba (王霸); Yan Guang (嚴光); Jing Dan (井丹); Liang Hong (梁鴻); Gao Feng (高鳳); Tai Tong (台佟); Han Kang (韓康); Jiao Shen (矯慎); Dai Liang (戴良); Fa Zhen (法真); Pang Gong (龐公)
卷八十四 列女傳 第七十四 Biographies of Exemplary Women
卷八十五 東夷列傳 第七十五 Fuyu
Yilou; Gaojuli; Woju; Huimo; Sanhan; Wo
卷八十六 南蠻西南夷列傳 第七十六 Treatise on the Nanman, Southwestern Barbarians
卷八十七 西羌傳 第七十七 Treatise on the Western QiangQiang
卷八十八 西域傳 第七十八 Yutian
Tiaozhi; Anxi; Daqin; Yuezhi; Tianzhu; Yancai; Shule; Yanqi; Jushi
卷八十九 南匈奴列傳 第七十九
卷九十 烏桓鮮卑列傳 第八十

Records (志)

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第一 律曆上 One: Rhythm and the Calendar Part One
第二 律曆中 Two: Rhythm and the Calendar Part Two
第三 律曆下 Three: Rhythm and the Calendar Part Three
第四 禮儀上 Four: Etiquette Part One
第五 禮儀中 Five: Etiquette Part Two
第六 禮儀下 Six: Etiquette Part Three
第七 祭祀上 Seven: Rituals and Worship Part One
第八 祭祀中 Eight: Rituals and Worship Part Two
第九 祭祀下 Nine: Rituals and Worship Part Three
第十 天文上 Ten: Astronomy Part One
第十一 天文中 Eleven: Astronomy Part Two
第十二 天文下 Twelve: Astronomy Part Three
第十三 五行一 Thirteen: Five Elements Part One
第十四 五行二 Fourteen: Five Elements Part Two
第十五 五行三 Fifteen: Five Elements Part Three
第十六 五行四 Sixteen: Five Elements Part Four
第十七 五行五 Seventeen: Five Elements Part Five
第十八 五行六 Eighteen: Five Elements Part Six
第十九 郡國一 Nineteen: Commanderies and States Part One
第二十 郡國二 Twenty: Commanderies and States Part Two
第二十一 郡國三 Twenty One: Commanderies and States Part Three
第二十二 郡國四 Twenty Two: Commanderies and States Part Four
第二十三 郡國五 Twenty Three: Commanderies and States Part Five
第二十四 百官一 Twenty Four: Officials Part One
第二十五 百官二 Twenty Five: Officials Part Two
第二十六 百官三 Twenty Six: Officials Part Three
第二十七 百官四 Twenty Seven: Officials Part Four
第二十八 百官五 Twenty Eight: Officials Part Five
第二十九 輿服上 Twenty Nine: Records on Clothing Part One
第三十 輿服下 Thirty: Records on Clothing Part Two

References

Sources

General

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Worlds Together, Worlds Apart . W.W. Norton . Tignor . Adelman . J. . Aron . S. . Brown . P. . Elman . B. A. . Liu . X. . Pittman . H. . 24 October 2013 . 978-0393922080. Fourth edition, [Two volume edition]. New York. 870312289.
  2. Book: Durrant. Stephen. The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900CE) . Chapter 13: Histories (Shi 史). 2017. Oxford University Press. New York. 195–196. e-book.
  3. Hill (2015) Vol. I, pp. xvi - xviii.
  4. Hill (2015) Vol. I, pp. 11; 13; 27; 181; Vol. II, pp. 202-203.
  5. Hill (2015), Vol. I, p. 13.