History of Baghdad (1831–1917) explained
In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1831 to 1917 began with the fall of the Mamluk state of Iraq in 1831 after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city.[1] It ended with the Fall of Baghdad on 11 March 1917 after the British Empire occupied the city during the First World War. Ali Rıza Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Khalil Pasha was the last.[2]
Timeline
- 1832 – The uprising of Abdul Ghani Al-Jameel against Ottoman Governor Ali Reza Pasha failed.[3]
- 1845 – A plague was spreading in Baghdad .[4]
- 1853 – Baháʼu'lláh and his family arrived in Baghdad coming from Iran on 8 April, where he stayed for 10 years.[5]
- 1854 – The Islamic scholar Mahmud al-Alusi dies.[6]
- 1864 – An earthquake happened in Baghdad on 7 December.[4]
- 1869 – Midhat Pasha is now in power .
- 1870
- Municipal council established.
- City walls demolished.
- 1871 – Population: 65,000.[7]
- 1879 – Many Kurds come to Baghdad after a major famine had spread in the Kurdistan region, and this year people from Baghdad knew it would be Bersima year for the city.
- 1895
- Population: 100,000 (estimate) .[8]
- Two Earthquakes happened in Baghdad on 25 November .[9]
- 1897 – The Governor of Baghdad Atteallah Pasha Kawakeby opened the Al-Khar Bridge (Al-Hamidiyah)[9]
- 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).[10]
- 1909 – Cinema built.
- 1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
- 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).
- 1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.
- 1915
- Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.
- Al Rasheed Street laid out.
- Cholera epidemic.
- 1917
Ottoman walis (1831–1917)
| Person[13] | Time as governor |
|---|
| Ali Reza Pasha | 1831–1842 |
| Najeb Pasha | 1842–1849 |
| Abdul-Karim Pasha | 1849–1850 |
| Mohamed Wajeh Pasha | 1850–1851 |
| Mehmed Namık Pasha[14] | 1851–1852 |
| Rashid Pasha | 1852–1857 |
| Omar Pasha | 1858–1859 |
| Mustafa Nuri Pasha | 1859–1861 |
| Ahmed Tawfiq Pasha | 1861 |
| Mehmed Namık Pasha | 1862–1867 |
| Taqialden Pasha | 1867–1869 |
| Midhat Pasha[15] | 1869–1872 |
| Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha | 1872–1873 |
| Radif Pasha | 1873–1875 |
| Abdel Rahman Pasha | 1875–1877 |
| Akif Pasha | 1877–1878 |
| Qadri Pasha | 1878 |
| AbdelRahman Pasha | 1879–1880 |
| Taqialden Pasha | 1880–1887 |
| Mustafa Asim Pasha | 1887–1889 |
| 1890–1891 |
| Hassan Pasha | 1891–1896 |
| Atteallah Pasha Kawakeby | 1896–1899 |
| Namık Pasha | 1899–1902 |
| 1902–1904 |
| Abdulwahab Pasha | 1904–1905 |
| Abdulmajeed Pasha | 1905–1906 |
| Abu Bakir Hazem Pasha | 1907–1908 |
| Nadim I Pasha | 1908 |
| Najemaldeen Beg | 1908–1909 |
| Mohamed Fadil Pasha | 1909 |
| Shawket Pasha | 1909–1910 |
| Hussain Nadim Pasha | 1910–1911 |
| Youssef Agah Pasha | 1911 |
| 1911–1912 |
| Ali Redha Pasha | 1912 |
| Mohamed Zaki Pasha | 1912–1913 |
| Mohamed Fadil Pasha | 1913–1914 |
| Süleyman Nazif Pasha | 1914–1915 |
| Nurialdeen Pasha | 1915 |
| 1916–1917 | |
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Longrigg. Stephen Hemsley. Four Centuries of Modern Iraq . Oxford University Press. 1925. 270–273. Four Centuries of Modern Iraq.
- Web site: May 22, 2016. الوالي العثماني الأخير.. خليل باشا . Almada.
- Web site: December 23, 2020. إندلاع ثورة عبدالغني أل جميل ضد الوالي العثماني علي رضا باشا. Saida Gate.
- Web site: December 5, 2020. Abbas Al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 7 . Masaha.
- Web site: September 28, 2009. The history of the Bahá'í faith proper begins with the 19th-century nobleman Bahá'u'lláh.. BBC TV.
- Web site: May 1, 2006. الإمام الألوسي. Islam Story.
- Book: Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia . 1871 . 2nd . Madras . Edward Balfour . Edward Balfour . https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289 . Baghdad .
- News: Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO. 1 July 2020. 9780524062142. (Firm). John Murray. 1895. J. Murray .
- Web site: December 5, 2020. Abbas Al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 8 . Masaha.
- Book: Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf . 1908 . Calcutta . City of Baghdad . https://books.google.com/books?id=lnXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 . Lorimer .
- Web site: Iraq Profile: Timeline . BBC News . 11 April 2013.
- Book: Stephen Pope . Elizabeth-Anne Wheal. Dictionary of the First World War. 1995 . Macmillan . 978-0-85052-979-1 . Select Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=fOrNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA523 .
- Web site: December 11, 2020. ولاة بغداد من قبل العثمانيين (مرة رابعة) . Hukam.
- Book: Owem, Roger . The Middle East in the world economy, 1800–1914 . 31 December 1993 . Bloomsbury Academic . 9781850436584 .
- Book: Gábor . Ágoston . Bruce A. . Masters . 2009 . Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase . 9781438110257 .
