| Hiroya Masuda | |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Office: | Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications |
| Primeminister: | Shinzō Abe Yasuo Fukuda |
| Term Start: | 27 August 2007 |
| Term End: | 24 September 2008 |
| Predecessor: | Yoshihide Suga |
| Successor: | Kunio Hatoyama |
| Office2: | Governor of Iwate Prefecture |
| Term Start2: | 30 April 1995 |
| Term End2: | 30 April 2007 |
| Predecessor2: | Iwao Kudo |
| Successor2: | Takuya Tasso |
| Birth Date: | 20 December 1951 |
| Birth Place: | Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan |
| Alma Mater: | University of Tokyo |
is a Japanese politician, government official, and business executive. He was Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications from August 2007 to September 2008, and has served as the president and CEO of Japan Post Holdings since January 2020.
Masuda was born in Tokyo in 1951, and graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1977. He joined the Ministry of Construction after graduation, and was thereafter appointed to several management positions in the Japanese government, including Director of the Traffic Enforcement Division at Chiba Prefectural Police Headquarters (1982), Director of the Railway Traffic Division for Ibaraki Prefecture (1986), Director for River Administration Policy Planning at the Ministry of Construction (1993), and Director for Construction Disputes Settlement at the Ministry of Construction (1994).[1]
Masuda served as governor of Iwate Prefecture from 1995 to 2007. Upon his election, he was the youngest governor in Japanese history at the age of 43.[2] While serving as Iwate's governor, Masuda developed a reputation as a reformist by cutting spending through personnel cuts and took the initiative in introducing an industrial waste tax system.
Masuda implemented a nationwide public relations campaign starting in 2001 that branded Iwate as a slower, "no effort" lifestyle alternative to Tokyo and other major cities. The campaign was popular locally, and Masuda was re-elected in 2003 with 88% of votes cast.[3]
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe appointed Masuda to head the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2007. Shortly after his appointment, he admitted mishandling a 1 million yen donation to his gubernatorial campaign in 2003.[4] Japan's postal service was privatized under Masuda's watch in October 2007.[5]
He was reappointed as Minister of Internal Affairs when Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda reshuffled the cabinet on August 1, 2008.[6] In the Cabinet of Prime Minister Taro Aso, appointed on September 24, 2008, Masuda was replaced by Kunio Hatoyama.[7]
Masuda served as chairman of the government's postal privatization committee from 2013 to 2016. In this role, he gradually relaxed limits on deposits and life insurance policies at Japan Post, resisting political pressure from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party to relax these limits more quickly.[8]
Masuda wrote a 2013 article in Chuo Koron magazine arguing that growth in Tokyo was leading to population decay in other regions of Japan, further describing Tokyo as a "population black hole" due to the difficulty of raising children there.[9] Political and corporate leaders in Japan were jolted by the conclusions of a 2014 book by Masuda called Local Extinctions, a detailed report of population changes that used the latest official figures from the National Institution of Population and Social Security Research to show that 896 cities, towns and villages throughout Japan were facing extinction by 2040. At first glance, the book simply repeated what earlier reports had concluded; however, it also included the percentages by which child-bearing women between the ages of 20 and 40 were expected to decline in each and every city, town and village.[10]
Masuda was approached in 2016 by twenty-one of the twenty-three Tokyo ward mayors to run for Governor of Tokyo in the July 2016 election.[11] The Tokyo branch of the Liberal Democratic Party threw its official support behind Masuda, warning members that they would be reprimanded if they supported rival Yuriko Koike (also an LDP member).[12]
Masuda was appointed as President and CEO of Japan Post Holdings in January 2020 in the wake of a scandal related to improper sales of insurance products.[13] He had previously turned down an offer to head the company in 2019, but said that he decided to accept out of a sense of duty.[14]