| Hiroshi Shima | |
| Birth Date: | 23 July 1918 |
| Birth Place: | Kagawa Prefecture, Japan |
| Occupation: | Writer and editor of a private journal Kazan Chitai |
| Genre: | novels, short stories |
| Movement: | started a movement on the unconstitutionality of the leprosy prevention law |
| Notableworks: | Katai(leprosy) karano kaihou(Freedom from leprosy), Raisha no Koe(the voice of leprosy patients), The leprosy prevention law should be amended |
Hiroshi Shima (島 比呂志, 1918–2003, real name Kaoru Kishiue,岸上 薫) was a Japanese novelist, Hansen's disease patient and the chief editor of a literary coterie journal Kazan Chitai (Lava belt). He is famous for his letter which prompted a lawsuit resulting in compensation on account of the unconstitutionality of the Japanese leprosy prevention law.
Because of the presence of leprosy stigma, patients in leprosy sanatoriums usually used names other than real names. This was prevalent not only in Japan, but also in America.
On July 23, 1918, Hiroshi Shima was born in Kagawa Prefecture. After becoming an assistant professor at Tokyo Norin Senmon Gakko Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, he developed leprosy and entered Ooshima Seishoen Sanatorium in 1947, and Hoshizuka Keiaien Sanatorium, Kagoshima Prefecture in 1948. In 1958, he started a literary journal Kazan Chitai (lava belt) of which he was the owner-editor. In June 1990, he received a letter from a patient "why are leprosy patients not angry", concerning the unfair treatment of leprosy patients under the Japanese leprosy prevention law. In July 1997, he wrote a letter to lawyer Ikenaga, which led to the compensation lawsuit due to the unconstitutionality of the Japanese leprosy prevention law. On June 20, 1999, he left the Hoshizuka Keiaien Sanatorium and re-entered normal society. He died on March 22, 2003.
His literary ability was already known, and he was given the post of patients' association staff in charge of a journal. He was involved in various troubles within the sanatorium.One of his friends commented that he was very good at collecting money, concerning his journal.