Hippeastrum calyptratum explained

Hippeastrum calyptratum is a flowering perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Brazil.

Description

This species has an approximately 7.5 cm wide, globose bulb, which is enclosed in persistent, brown leaf bases. The bulbs bear 5-6, approximately 45 – 60 cm long, 5 cm wide, light green leaves. The green flowers are produced in Autumn on 2-3 flowered umbels, which are supported by terete, green, about 60 cm long, and about 1.3 - 1.9 cm wide peduncles.[1] Semi-discoid, flattened seeds are produced in globose-compressed capsule fruits.[2]

Conservation

This species is probably threatened by extinction, however not enough data is currently available on its distribution, and thus the proposed IUCN conservation Status is Data Deficient (DD).[3]

Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by bat species.[4] It occurs in humid Atlantic Rainforest at elevations of 1200 m above sea level growing epiphytically on mossy trees or as a lithophyte on rocks.

Cytology

The diploid chromosome count of this species is 2n = 22.[5]

Physiology

Several crinine-type alkaloids have been isolated from tissue of this species.[6] The floral scent, which has been described as stale, sour, fermented, or similar to burnt plastic is composed of the following compounds: 1,8-cineole, perillene, camphor, linalool, limonene, g-terpinene, b-myrcene, sabinene, a-pinene, d-3-carene, and 3-hexanone.

Taxonomy

This species was first described under the name Amaryllis calyptrata by John Bellenden Ker Gawler (Ker Gawl.) in 1817. Later it was transferred to the genus Hippeastrum under the name Hippeastrum calyptratum by William Herbert (Herb.) in 1821.

Etymology

The specific epithet calyptratum is derived from the Latin calyptratum meaning "bearing a calyptra" or the Greek kalypto, kalyptra meaning "to hide" or "veil".[7]

Cultivation

The cultivation is thought to be difficult by some growers unfamiliar with the specific needs of epiphytes. In contrast to other members of the genus, the substrate should be coarse, aerated, and well drained for this species.[8]

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Baker, J. G. (1888). "Handbook of the Amaryllideae, including the Alstroemerieae and Agaveae." p. 47. G. Bell.
  2. Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. (n.d.). Reflora - Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB4359
  3. Alves, F. E., & Menini Neto, L. (2014). "Vascular epiphytes in a forest fragment of Serra da Mantiqueira and floristic relationships with Atlantic high altitude areas in Minas Gerais." Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37(2), 187-196.
  4. Meerow, A. W., Reed, S. T., Dunn, C., & Schnell, E. (2017). "Fragrance analysis of two scented Hippeastrum species." HortScience, 52(12), 1853-1860.
  5. Escales, R. (1950). "Diseases and Cytology of the Amaryllids."
  6. de Andrade, J.P., Guo, Y., Font‐Bardia, M., Calvet, T., Dutilh, J., Viladomat, F., Codina, C., Nair, J.J., Zuanazzi, J.Â., & Bastida, J. (2014). "Crinine-type alkaloids from Hippeastrum aulicum and H. calyptratum." Phytochemistry, 103, 188-195 .
  7. Quattrocchi, U. (1999). "CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology." p. 2121. Taylor & Francis.
  8. Hippeastrum calyptratum | Pacific Bulb Society. (n.d.). https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Hippeastrum_calyptratum