| Hinghwa Romanized | |
| Type: | Latin alphabet |
| Typedesc: | (modified) |
| Time: | 1890 — 1950 |
| Creator: | William N. Brewster |
| Fam1: | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Foochow Romanized |
| Sample: | HinghwaBible1.gif |
| Alt: | A sample of Hinghwa Romanized text |
| Caption: | Bible in Hinghwa (Xinghua) Romanized (Genesis), published by the British and Foreign Bible Society. |
Hinghwa Romanized, also known as Hing-hua̍ báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (興化平話字) or Báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (平話字), is a Latin alphabet of the Putian dialect of Pu-Xian Chinese. It was invented by William N. Brewster (蒲魯士), an American Methodist pioneer missionary in Hinghwa (modern Putian) in 1890.
Hinghwa Romanized has 23 letters: .
| Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | unaspirated | pronounced as /p/ 巴 (b) | pronounced as /t/ 打 (d) | pronounced as /k/ 家 (g) | pronounced as /ʔ/ 烏 | ||
| aspirated | pronounced as /pʰ/ 彭 (p) | pronounced as /tʰ/ 他 (t) | pronounced as /kʰ/ 卡 (k) | ||||
| Nasals | pronounced as /m/ 麻 (m) | pronounced as /n/ 拿 (n) | pronounced as /ŋ/ 雅 (ng) | ||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | pronounced as /ɬ/ 沙 (s) | pronounced as /h/ 下 (h) | ||||
| voiced | |||||||
| Affricates | unaspirated | pronounced as /ts/ 渣 (c) | |||||
| aspirated | pronounced as /tsʰ/ 査 (ch) | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /l/ 拉 (l) | ||||||
| Vowel | Diphthong | Nasal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no glide | pronounced as /a/ 鴉 (a) | pronounced as /au/ 拗 (au) | pronounced as /aŋ/ 王 (ang) | pronounced as /aʔ/ 壓 (ah) |
| pronounced as /ɒ/ 奥 (o̤) | pronounced as /ɒŋ/ 用 (o̤ng) | pronounced as /ɒʔ/ 屋 (o̤h) | ||
| pronounced as /o/ 科 (eo) | pronounced as /ɔu/ 烏 (o) | pronounced as /oŋ/ 温 (eong) | pronounced as /oʔ/ 熨 (eoh) | |
| pronounced as /e/ 裔 (a̤) | pronounced as /ai/ 愛 (ai) | pronounced as /ɛŋ/ 煙 (eng) | pronounced as /ɛʔ/ 黑 (eh) | |
| pronounced as /œ/ 改 (e̤) | pronounced as /œŋ/ 換 (e̤ng) | pronounced as /œʔ/ 郁 (e̤h) | ||
| pronounced as /ŋ/ 伓 (ng) | ||||
| /-i-/ | pronounced as /i/ 衣 (i) | pronounced as /iu/ 油 (iu) | pronounced as /iŋ/ 引 (ing) | pronounced as /iʔ/ 益 (ih) |
| pronounced as /ia/ 夜 (ia) | pronounced as /iau/ 要 (a̤u) | pronounced as /iaŋ/ 鹽 (iang) | pronounced as /iaʔ/ 葉 (iah) | |
| /-u-/ | pronounced as /u/ 夫 (u) | pronounced as /ui/ 位 (ui) | pronounced as /uŋ/ 黄 (ng) | |
| pronounced as /ua/ 画 (ua) | pronounced as /ue/ 歪 (oi) | pronounced as /uaŋ/ 碗 (uang) | pronounced as /uaʔ/ 活 (uah) | |
| /-y-/ | pronounced as /y/ 余 (ṳ) | pronounced as /yŋ/ 恩 (ṳng) | pronounced as /yʔ/ 役 (ṳh) | |
| pronounced as /yɒ/ 安 (io̤ⁿ) | pronounced as /yɒŋ/ 羊 (io̤ng) | pronounced as /yɒʔ/ 藥 (io̤h) |
| Tone | Ing-báⁿ 陰平 | Ing-siō̤ng 陰上 | Ing-kṳ̍ 陰去 | Ing-ci̍h 陰入 | Ió̤ng-báⁿ 陽平 | Ió̤ng-kṳ̍ 陽去 | Ió̤ng-ci̍h 陽入 | |
| Hinghwa Romanized | none (a) | ˆ (â) | ˈ (a̍) | none (ah) | ́ (á) | ¯ (ā) | ˈ (a̍h) | |
| Putian | ˥˧˧ (533) | ˦˥˧ (453) | ˦˨ (42) | ʔ˨˩ (ʔ21) | ˩˧ (13) | ˩ (11) | ʔ˦ (ʔ4) | |
| Xianyou | ˥˦˦ (544) | ˧˧˨ (332) | ˥˨ (52) | ʔ˨ (ʔ2) | ˨˦ (24) | ˨˩ (21) | ʔ˦ (ʔ4) |
Tai̍-che̤ ū Dō̤, Dō̤ gah Siō̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi, Dō̤ cuh sī Siō̤ng-Da̤̍. Ca̤̍ Dō̤ ta̍i-che̤ gah Sio̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi. Māng-beo̍h sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē; hang pī cho̤̍, beo̍ seo̍h-ā̤uⁿ ng-sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē.
太初有道，道佮上帝同在，道就是上帝。這道太初佮上帝同在。萬物是借著伊造兮，含被造兮，無一樣呣是借著伊造兮。
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3 KJV)
| IPA | Hinghwa Romanized | Foochow Romanized | |
| pʰ | p | p | |
| tʰ | t | t | |
| kʰ | k | k | |
| p | b | b | |
| t | d | d | |
| k | g | g | |
| tsʰ | ch | ch | |
| ts | c | c |
| Tone | 陰平 Ing-báⁿ | 陰上 Ing-siō̤ng | 陰去 Ing-kṳ̍ | 陰入 Ing-ci̍h | 陽平 Ió̤ng-báⁿ | 陽去 Ió̤ng-kṳ̍ | 陽入 Ió̤ng-ci̍h | |
| Hinghwa Romanized | a | â | a̍ | ah | á | ā | a̍h | |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī | a | á | à | ah | â | ā | a̍h |