Hawaii County, Hawaii Explained

County:Hawaii County
State:Hawaii
Ex Image:Shipman House, Hilo.jpg
Ex Image Size:300px
Seal:Hawaii County HI Seal.svg
Leader Name:Mitch Roth
Founded Year:1905
Seat Wl:Hilo
Largest City Wl:Hilo
City Type:community
Area Total Sq Mi:5086.70
Area Land Sq Mi:4028.02
Area Water Sq Mi:1058.69
Area Percentage:20.81
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:200,629
Density Km2:17.7
Time Zone:Hawaii
District:2nd
Web:www.hawaiicounty.gov

Hawaii County (Hawaiian: Kalana o Hawaiʻi) (officially known as the County of Hawaiʻi) is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. It is coextensive with the Island of Hawaii, often called the "Big Island" to distinguish it from the state as a whole. The 2020 Census population was 200,629.[1] The county seat is Hilo. There are no incorporated cities in Hawaii County (see Hawaii Counties). The Hilo Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Hawaii County. Hawaii County has a mayor–council form of government. In terms of geography, Hawaii County is the most expansive county in the state and the most southerly county in the United States.

The mayor of Hawaii County is Mitch Roth, who took office in 2020. Legislative authority is vested in the nine-member Hawaii County Council.

Hawaii County is one of seven counties in the United States to share the same name as the state they are in (the other six are Arkansas County, Idaho County, Iowa County, New York County, Oklahoma County, and Utah County).[2]

Geography

See main article: Hawaii (island). Hawaii County has a total area of ; is land and is water[3] (mostly all off the ocean shoreline but counted in the total area by the U.S. Census Bureau). The county's land area comprises 62.7 percent of the state's land area. It is the highest percentage by any county in the United States. (Delaware's Sussex County comes in second at 48.0 percent, while Rhode Island's Providence County is third at 39.55 percent.)

Adjacent county

Demographics

, the island had a resident population of 185,079.[4] There were 64,382 households in the county. The population density was 17.7/km2. There were 82,324 housing units at an average density of 8/km2. The racial makeup of the county was 34.5% White, 29.2% from two or more races, 22.6% Asian, 12.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and 0.7% African American; 11.8% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. The largest ancestry groups were:

There were 64,382 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a woman whose husband did not live with her, and 30.4% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.24.

The age distribution was 26.1% under 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98 males.

41.3% of the people on Hawaii island are religious, meaning they affiliate with a religion. 18.4% are Catholic; 3.7% are of another Christian faith; 5.1% are LDS; 5.0% are of an Eastern faith; 0.1% are Muslim.

Government and infrastructure

County government

Executive authority is vested in the mayor of Hawaii County, who is elected for a four-year term. Since 2004, the election by the voters has been on a nonpartisan basis. In 2020, Mitch Roth was elected mayor, succeeding Harry Kim, who lost reelection after being defeated in the primary election.[5] Legislative authority is vested in a nine-member County Council. Members of the County Council are elected on a nonpartisan basis to two-year terms from single-member districts.[6] As of December 2016, Hawaii County Council has a female supermajority for the first time, with six women and three men.[7]

Administrative districts were originally based on the traditional land divisions called Moku of Ancient Hawaii. Some more heavily populated districts have since been split into North and South districts to make them more comparable on a population basis.

The number following each district is the Tax Map Key (TMK) number, used to locate state property information. They are assigned in a counter-clockwise order beginning on the eastern side of the island.[8]

Nr. District Population
2000
moku Map
1499.45 31,335 Puna
2394.38 47,386 Hilo
3370.65 1,720 Hilo
4580.50 6,108 Hāmākua
5132.92 6,038 Kohala
6351.72 13,131 Kohala
7489.01 28,543 Kona
8335.38 8,589 Kona
9922.22 5,827 Kaʻū
 Hawaiʻi County 4028.02148,677 6 moku

County council districts do not directly match the property tax districts because of the variation in the population density of voters in urban areas to rural areas; Hilo & Kailua (Kailua-Kona) towns are densely populated areas, while other districts such as Kaʻū, Puna, Hāmākua, and North & South Kohala are more sparsely populated.[9]

Several government functions are administered at the county level that are at the state or municipal level in other states. For example, the county has its own office of liquor control.[10]

State government

Hawaii Department of Public Safety previously operated the Kulani Correctional Facility in Hawaii County, on the Island of Hawaii.[11] In 2009, the Hawaii Department of Public Safety announced that Kulani Correctional Facility would close.[12]

Presidential election results

Localities

Census-designated places

Other communities

National protected areas

Economy

Top employers

According to the county's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[13] the top employers in the county are the following:

Employer
  1. of Employees
1State of Hawaii16,700
2Kamehameha Schools, Hawai'i Island3,380
3Hawaii County2,800
4United States Government1,300
5Mauna Kea Beach Hotel1,100
6Four Seasons Resort Hualalai1,003
7KTA Super Stores900
8Hilton Waikoloa Village850
9The Fairmont Orchid560
10Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort259

Education

The Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools in Hawaii County.[14]

Sister cities

Hawaii County's sister cities are:[15]

External links

19.5833°N -185°W

Notes and References

  1. Web site: HAWAII: 2020 Census . United States Census Bureau. April 4, 2022.
  2. Book: Joseph Nathan Kane. Charles Curry Aiken. The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950-2000. registration. 2005. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-5036-1.
  3. Web site: Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Counties . United States Census . February 13, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110512213428/http://www.census.gov/tiger/tms/gazetteer/county2k.txt . May 12, 2011 . dead.
  4. Web site: Hawaii County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau . June 28, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110713084533/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/15/15001.html . July 13, 2011.
  5. Web site: Office of the Mayor . County of Hawaii . official web site . December 11, 2020.
  6. Web site: Hawaiʻi County Council. official web site. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110708080958/http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/council/districts.htm. July 8, 2011. March 27, 2010.
  7. Web site: Poindexter tabbed to be council chairwoman; Will lead first female super majority council in county's history | Hawaii Tribune-Herald . December 28, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171228232414/http://hawaiitribune-herald.com/news/local-news/poindexter-tabbed-be-council-chairwoman-will-lead-first-female-super-majority . December 28, 2017 . dead .
  8. http://co.hawaii.hi.us/databook_2008/Table%201/1.7.pdf Hawaii County: 2000
  9. Web site: Hawaii County Council . official web site . March 27, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110708080958/http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/council/districts.htm . July 8, 2011.
  10. Web site: Office of Liquor Control . Hawaii County web site . December 25, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101123054034/http://hawaii-county.com/directory/dir_liquor.htm . November 23, 2010.
  11. "Kulani Correctional Facility." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. Retrieved on September 30, 2010.
  12. "Closure of Kulani Saves $2.8M Annually; Facility to Help At-Risk Youth." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. July 2009. Retrieved on September 30, 2010.
  13. Web site: Sako . Deanna . Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2021 . November 13, 2023 . records.hawaiicounty.gov.
  14. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Hawaii County, HI. U.S. Census Bureau. July 22, 2022. - Text list
  15. Web site: County of Hawai'i Official Sister Cities 2021. County of Hawaii. December 20, 2021. May 31, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531161233/https://www.hawaiicounty.gov/our-county/mayor/county-of-hawai-i-official-sister-cities-2021. dead.