Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign explained

Committee:Hillary for America
Logo Alt:Logo/sticker for Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine's presidential campaign in 2016
Cand Id:P00003392
Affiliation:Democratic Party
Receipts:585699061.27
Receipts Footnote:[1]
Fec Date:December 31, 2016
Slogan:
When they go low, we go high
Successor:Onward Together
Website:hillaryclinton.com
(archived – July. 31, 2016)

The 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton was announced in a YouTube video on April 12, 2015.[2] Clinton was the 67th United States Secretary of State and served during the first term of the Obama administration, from 2009 to 2013. She was previously a United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and is the wife of former President Bill Clinton. Hillary Clinton served as First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

Clinton's main competitor in the 2016 Democratic primary election was Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders. She received the most support from middle aged and older voters, as well as from African-American, Latino and older female voters. She focused her platform on several issues, including expanding racial, LGBT, and women's rights, raising wages and ensuring equal pay for women, and improving healthcare. The Associated Press declared Clinton the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party after she reached the required number of delegates (including both pledged delegates and superdelegates) on June 6, 2016.[3] Clinton announced that U.S. Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia would be her vice presidential running mate on July 22.[4] Clinton and Kaine were nominated at the 2016 Democratic National Convention on July 26.[5]

Clinton lost the general election to Republican Donald Trump on November 9, 2016.[6] [7] Clinton's narrow losses in the blue wall states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin were considered key to her defeat.

Background information

Post-2008 primary election campaign

As soon as Clinton ended her 2008 Democratic presidential primary election campaign and conceded to Barack Obama, there was talk of her running again in 2012 or 2016.[8] After she ended her tenure as Secretary of State in 2013, speculation picked up sharply, particularly when she listed her occupation on social media as "TBD". In the meantime, Clinton earned over $11 million giving 51 paid speeches to various organizations, including Goldman Sachs and other Wall Street banks.[9] The speeches, and Clinton's not releasing their transcripts, would be raised as an issue by her opponents during the upcoming primary[10] and general election campaigns.[11] In October 2016, leaked excerpts from a Goldman Sachs Q&A session cast doubts about her support for the 2010 Dodd–Frank financial oversight legislation.[12]

Anticipating a future run, a "campaign-in-waiting" began to take shape in 2014, including a large donor network, experienced operatives, the Ready for Hillary and Priorities USA Action campaign political action committees (PACs), and other campaign infrastructure.[13]

By September 2013, amid continual political and media speculation, Clinton said she was considering a run but was in no hurry to decide.[14] In late 2013, Clinton told ABC's Barbara Walters that she would "look carefully at what I think I can do and make that decision sometime next year";[15] and told ABC's Diane Sawyer in June 2014 that she would "be on the way to making a decision before the end of the year."[16]

Decision-making process

While many political analysts came to assume during this time that Clinton would run, she took a long time to make the decision.[17] While Clinton said she spent much of the two years following her tenure, as Secretary of State, thinking about the possibility of running for president again, she was also noncommittal about the prospect, and appeared to some as reluctant to experience again the unpleasant aspects of a major political campaign.[18] Those around her were split in their opinions, reportedly, with Bill Clinton said to be the most in favor of her running again, Chelsea Clinton leaning towards it, but several of her closest aides against it.[17] [18] She reportedly studied Obama's 2008 campaign to see what had gone right for Obama as compared to her own campaign.[18] Not until December 2014, around the time of the Clintons' annual winter vacation in the Dominican Republic, did she say she decided for sure that she would indeed run again.[17] [18]

Expectations

According to nationwide opinion polls in early 2015, Clinton was considered the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[14] [19] [20] She had gained a broader sweep of early endorsements from the Democratic Party establishment in the 2016 race than she did in 2008,[21] [22] although she did face several primary election challengers,[23] [24] and, in August 2015 Vice President Joe Biden was reported to be seriously considering a possible challenge to Clinton.[25]

Clinton had a very high name recognition of an estimated 99% (only 11% of all voters said they did not know enough about her to form an opinion) and according to Democratic pollster Celinda Lake, she has had strong support from African-Americans, and among college-educated women and single women.[26]

In Time magazine's 2015 list of "The 100 Most Influential People", Clinton praised Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, who herself was considered as a potential challenger to Clinton, for being a "progressive champion".[27] Warren decided not to run for president, despite pressure from some progressives.[28]

Announcement

The Clinton campaign had planned for a delayed announcement, possibly as late as July 2015.[29] [30] [31]

On April 3, 2015, it was reported that Clinton had taken a lease on a small office at 1 Pierrepont Plaza in Brooklyn, New York City. It was widely speculated that the space would serve as her campaign headquarters.[32] [33]

On April 12, 2015, Clinton released a YouTube video formally announcing her candidacy via email. She stated that, "Everyday Americans need a champion. And I want to be that champion."[34] [35] [36] [37] The week following her announcement, she traveled to early primary states, such as Iowa and New Hampshire. Clinton was the third candidate with support in national polls to announce her candidacy, following Republican Senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Rand Paul of Kentucky, while Florida Senator Marco Rubio announced his candidacy on April 13, the day after Clinton. Some Democrats saw the proximity of Clinton's campaign announcement to Rubio's as advantageous, as Clinton's announcement might overshadow Rubio's.[38]

Clinton's campaign logo was unveiled on April 12, 2015, featuring a blue H with a red arrow through the middle.[39]

Van tour

Clinton began her campaign by making short trips to early primary and caucus states.[34] Immediately following her announcement, she made a two-day road trip in a customized Chevrolet Express van, nicknamed after Scooby-Doo, going from New York to Iowa, and stopping several times along the way, including a much publicized stop at a Chipotle Mexican Grill outside Toledo, Ohio, where Clinton was not recognized by the staff.[40] [41] [42] The trip gained considerable media attention and was, according to her campaign, intended as a bit of political theater.[43] [44]

Clinton responded to very few questions from the press during the first month of her campaign. During her visits to early primary and caucus states, she did not hold any formal press conferences, and did not participate in any media interviews.[45] [46] On May 19, 2015, after 28 days, Clinton answered some questions from reporters at an event in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.[47] Clinton's campaign announced she would make additional stops in Florida, Texas, and Missouri in May and June.[48]

Kickoff rally

Clinton held her first major campaign rally on June 13, 2015, at Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park on the southern tip of New York City's Roosevelt Island.

In her speech, Clinton addressed income inequality in the United States, specifically endorsed universal pre-kindergarten, paid family leave, equal pay for women, college affordability, and incentives for companies that provide profit sharing to employees.[49] She did not address free trade agreements during the kickoff speech,[50] but made statements the next day suggesting that the current negotiations should be abandoned unless improved.[51]

The campaign said more than 5,500 people were in attendance, but estimates of crowd size by the press in attendance were less.[52]

According to John Cassidy, staff writer at The New Yorker, Clinton, up to a point, took a populist tone:[53]

On June 15, 2015, South Carolina Senator Clementa C. Pinckney, who had campaigned for Clinton earlier that day, was murdered along with eight others in the Charleston Church shooting.[54] Clinton postponed campaign activities to join President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and other dignitaries at Pinckney's funeral in Charleston on June 26, 2015.[55]

Advertising

In August 2015, the Clinton campaign began a $2 million television advertising buy in Iowa and New Hampshire. The ads featured footage of Clinton's late mother, Dorothy Rodham, and of Clinton herself, and featured women, family, and children.[56]

In a review of Clinton's 32 general election TV ads, the Associated Press found that 24 of those ads show or mention Trump.[57] The majority of those 24 ads feature raw footage of him rather than others opining on his words and actions.

Platform

See main article: Political positions of Hillary Clinton. Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the Affordable Care Act.

In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan, which The New York Times called "optimistic" and "wide-ranging".[58] Basing her economic philosophy on inclusive capitalism, Clinton proposed a "clawback" which would rescind tax relief and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; providing incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; increasing collective bargaining rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of America in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas.[58] Clinton opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), supported the U.S. Export-Import Bank, and stated that "any trade deal has to produce jobs and raise wages and increase prosperity and protect our security".[59] [60]

Given the climate of unlimited campaign contributions following the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision, Clinton called for a constitutional amendment to limit "unaccountable money" in politics. In July 2016, she "committed" to introducing a U.S. constitutional amendment that would result in overturning the 2010 Citizens United decision.[61] [62]

On social issues, Clinton explicitly focused on family issues, particularly universal preschool.[63] Clinton also prioritized closing the gender pay gap[64] and reaffirmed that she believed that a right to same-sex marriage is protected by the U.S. constitution.[63] Clinton stated that allowing undocumented immigrants to have a path to citizenship "s at its heart a family issue."[65]

Clinton expressed support for the Common Core educational initiative,[66] saying, "The really unfortunate argument that's been going on around Common Core, it's very painful because the Common Core started off as a bipartisan effort. It was actually nonpartisan. It wasn't politicized.... Iowa has had a testing system based on a core curriculum for a really long time. And you see the value of it, you understand why that helps you organize your whole education system. And a lot of states unfortunately haven't had that, and so don't understand the value of a core, in this sense a Common Core."[67]

In a December 7, 2015 The New York Times article, Clinton presented her detailed plans for regulating Wall Street financial activities by reining in the largest institutions to limit risky behavior, appointing strong regulators, and holding executives accountable.[68]

Clinton supported maintaining American influence in the Middle East. She publicly opposed Trump's call to ban Muslims from the United States as "shameful" and "dangerous". She also claimed Trump's statement was "a reflection of much of the rest of his party", as "many GOP candidates have also said extreme things about Muslims."[69] Clinton told the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, "America can't ever be neutral when it comes to Israel's security and survival."[70]

Strategy and tactics

Clinton campaign strategists reportedly believed that a strong liberal campaign would mobilize the same voters who swept Barack Obama to victory in 2008 and 2012. Her strategy of embracing Obama's policies proved highly effective with African American Democratic voters in the South Carolina Democratic primary.[71] [72] [73] [74]

By March 2016 Clinton's nomination seemed likely, so efforts turned to structuring a campaign against Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee,[75] and determining how to generate enthusiasm for Clinton among the Democratic electorate, which had not turned out in large numbers for primaries.[76]

Clinton began the campaign with near-universal name recognition among voters, having been First Lady, U.S. Senator, and Secretary of State.[77]

Focus on local issues

When Clinton campaigned she identified local issues of interest to the Democratic voters of each state she visited. For example, in Mississippi, she expressed her concern about lead levels in the water in Jackson, the capital, where it was a major issue.[78]

Emphasis on experience and steady leadership

Over the course of her campaign, Clinton emphasized her experience and record in public life, particularly as U.S. Secretary of State.[79] [80] Clinton also emphasized "the need for calm, steady, experienced leadership in the White House" in times of uncertainty, as well as the need to maintain the U.S.'s alliances across the Atlantic and the world.[81] [82]

Press relations

Clinton has had an uneasy, and at times adversarial relationship with the press throughout her life in public service.[83] Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a "complicated" relationship with political reporters.[84] Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions,[85] [86] after which she provided more interviews.

Technology

Clinton had access to the same technological tools that were used in Barack Obama's presidential campaign of 2012 and 2008.[87] A team of over 50 engineers and developers previously with Google, Facebook, and Twitter was hired.[88] The campaign used Timshel's The Groundwork platform for organizing data generated by mass e-mail programs, tracking donors, and analyzing marketing databases.[89] [90]

Ground game

In October 2016, the Clinton campaign had 489 field offices compared to Trump's 178.[91] For context, Obama had 786 and some reports over 800 national field offices in 2012.[92] Political science research suggests that there is a modest positive relationship between field offices and vote share.[93]

Fundraising

Throughout the general election campaign, Clinton consistently led Trump in fundraising. Through August 2016, Clinton, the Democratic National Committee and Clinton's main super PAC, Priorities USA Action, had raised more than $700 million, while Trump had brought in $400 million.[94] According to a September 2016 analysis by the Center for Public Integrity, "More than 1,100 elite moneymen and women have collectively raised more than $113 million" for Clinton's campaign. These bundlers, who collected checks from friends or associates and gave them to the campaign, included "lawmakers, entertainment icons and titans of industry"; among them were Ben Affleck, George Lucas, Marissa Mayer, and Sheryl Sandberg.[95]

According to an article in The Washington Post, Clinton's presidential campaign benefited from a network of donors whom she and her husband, former President Bill Clinton, had "methodically cultivated... over 40 years, from Little Rock to Washington and then across the globe. Their fundraising methods have created a new blueprint for politicians and their donors."[96] By the end of September 2015, the campaign's fundraising effort for "Clinton's 2016 White House run... has already drawn $110million in support".[96]

In response to the article, a campaign spokesman said that "it would be misleading, at best, to conflate donations to a philanthropy with political giving.... And regarding the campaign contributions, the breadth and depth of their support is a testament to the fact that they have both dedicated their lives to public service and fighting to make this country stronger."[96] As the Post article pointed out, fundraising for the 2016 presidential campaign existed "in a dramatically different environment" than in the past, and the 2010 Citizens United v. FEC decision and ruling by "the Supreme Court has made it easier for wealthy individuals, corporations and unions to spend huge, unregulated sums on political activity".[96]

In August 2015, the Clinton campaign announced that it had signed a joint fundraising agreement with the Democratic National Committee.[97] The campaign set up a joint fundraising committee with the DNC, the Hillary Victory Fund, and 32 state committees.[98] The Clinton campaign sent the DNC a memorandum of understanding in which the campaign agreed to help the DNC pay off debt in exchange for "joint authority over strategic decisions over the staffing, budget, expenditures, and general election related communications, data, technology, analytics, and research." The memo specified that these arrangements would be limited to "preparations for the General Election and not the Democratic Primary."[99]

In the debate between Sanders and Clinton in New Hampshire prior to the New Hampshire primary Clinton, objecting to the inference that campaign contributions or speaking fees from the financial sector would influence her political decisions, characterized Sanders' references to her Wall Street connections as a "'very artful smear' campaign."[100] He responded by saying, "It's a fact. When in the last reporting period her super PAC received $25million and $15million came from Wall Street, what is the smear? That is the fact."[101]

The Clinton campaign entered September 2016 with $121.4 million in the bank, while the Trump campaign had $96 million.[102]

Super PACs supporting Clinton

In May 2015, it was reported that the Clinton campaign lagged behind opposing Republican campaigns in gaining large donations from wealthy donors to supportive Super PACs. At that time, many potential liberal, big-money donors had not yet committed to support Clinton.[103] Clinton's super PAC fundraising picked up significantly in the general election. Priorities USA Action, the main super PAC supporting Clinton, raised $23.4 million in August 2016. More than half of that amount came from its top five donors, and the amount included 11 seven-figure checks.[104]

Super PACs that have supported Clinton include:[105]

People

Campaign staff

Robby Mook served as campaign manager, and is the first openly gay person to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign.[120] [121]

Stephanie Hannon served as chief technology officer, and is the first woman to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign.[122] [123] [124]

Other campaign staff included John Podesta as campaign chairman, Joel Benenson as chief strategist and pollster, Jennifer Palmieri as communications director, and Amanda Renteria as political director.[125] Longtime Clinton aide Huma Abedin was the vice chairwoman of the campaign,[125] and continued in the role she has long played for Clinton as traveling chief of staff and "body woman".[126] Fundraising was led by Dennis Cheng as national finance director for the campaign, and main liaison between many major donors and Clinton.[127] Future New York State Senator Alessandra Biaggi served as Deputy National Operations Director, and said: "Everything was urgent in the moment. It was total chaos and I loved it. We played very hard, and it was very hard to lose."[128]

Policy advisors

Clinton named three senior policy advisers to lead policy development for her presidential campaign: Maya Harris, Ann O'Leary, and Jake Sullivan.[129] Michael Schmidt, Michael Shapiro and Jacob Leibenluft were on Clinton's policy team, while Sullivan, a longtime Clinton staffer, served as policy director.[130]

The Clinton campaign had a large set of outside policy advisors who served on advisory groups.

Defense and foreign policy

Senior advisors included former CIA Director and Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, former National Security Advisor Tom Donilon, Center for a New American Security CEO Michèle Flournoy, former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and others.[131] [132] The campaign also had a decentralized system of "about a dozen advisory working groups for regional and functional issues" such as Asia, Europe, counter-terrorism, and human rights. Foreign Policy magazine reported that "the campaign boasts a surprisingly diverse cadre of experts, from early-career think tankers in their 20s to graying ex-diplomats in their 50s and 60s."[131]

Economic and domestic policy

On economic policy, outside advisors with whom Clinton regularly consulted included Gene Sperling, former director of the National Economic Council; Neera Tanden of the Center for American Progress; Ann O'Leary; economists Alan Krueger and Alan Blinder; Nobel laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz; Jared Bernstein, the former chief economist to Joe Biden; and Heather Boushey.[130]

On August 16, 2016, Clinton named Ken Salazar to lead her White House transition team.[133] [134]

Communications, advertising, and design firms

Two of the Clinton campaigns' top media buying agencies were GMMB (which focused on television) and Bully Pulpit Interactive (which focused on digital). The Clinton campaign's analytics director was Elan Kriegel, the co-founder of BlueLabs, a Democratic data firm.[135] The campaign has also hired Burrell Communications, an African American advertising firm.[136]

Graphic designer Michael Bierut of the firm Pentagram designed the campaign's distinctive "H" logo; Bierut volunteered his services.[137] [138] Bierut later recommended designer Jennifer Kinon to lead the in-house design team and design a comprehensive visual identity for the campaign.[139]

Professionals in branding and marketing, such as Wendy Clark of Coca-Cola, and Roy Spence of GSD&M, were brought into the campaign to assist with "re-branding" Clinton.[140]

Caucuses and primaries

See main article: 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Clinton won Iowa by the closest margin in the history of the state's Democratic caucus. Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley suspended his campaign after a distant third-place finish, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two candidates. The electoral battle turned out to be more competitive than expected, with Sanders winning the New Hampshire primary while Clinton scored victories in the Nevada caucuses and South Carolina primary. On four different Super Tuesdays, Clinton secured numerous important wins in each of the nine most populous states including California, New York, Florida, and Texas, while Sanders scored various victories in between.[141]

On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News stated that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including both pledged and unpledged delegates (superdelegates), to secure the nomination. In doing so, she had become the first woman to ever be the presumptive nominee of any major political party in the United States.[142] On June 7, Clinton officially secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning in the California and New Jersey primaries.[143] President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Elizabeth Warren formally endorsed Clinton on June 9, 2016.[144] [145] Sanders confirmed on June 24 that he would vote for Clinton over Donald Trump in the general election[146] and, on July 12, 2016, formally endorsed Clinton in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[147]

On July 26, 2016, the Democratic National Convention officially nominated Clinton for president and Virginia Senator Tim Kaine for vice president.[148] Clinton is the first woman in U.S. history to run for president as the nominee of a major political party.[149]

Delegate count

The table below reflects the presumed delegate count following the 2016 Democratic primaries:

Presidential debates

See main article: 2016 United States presidential debates.

The first presidential debate in 2016 took place between Clinton and Trump on September 26 at Hofstra University.[150] This made Clinton the first woman to debate as part of an American presidential debate.[151] The moderator was Lester Holt of NBC.[152] A live-TV audience of 84 million viewers set a viewership record for presidential debates.[153] All scientific polls showed that voters thought Hillary Clinton performed better than Donald Trump in the debate.[154] [155]

The second presidential debate in 2016 took place between Clinton and Trump on October 9 at Washington University in St. Louis.[156] It was a town hall debate.[157]

The third and last presidential debate between Clinton and Trump took place on October 19 at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.[158] [159]

Health

In July 2015, Clinton became the first 2016 presidential candidate to publicly release a medical history. The Clinton campaign released a letter from her physician, Lisa Bardack of Mount Kisco, New York, attesting to her good health based on a full medical evaluation.[160] The letter noted that there was a "complete resolution" of a brain concussion that Clinton suffered in 2012 and "total dissolution" of prior blood clots.[160] Bardack concluded that Clinton had no serious health issues that would interfere with her fitness to serve as president.[160] Despite this letter, rumors and conspiracy theories concerning Clinton's health proliferated online. In August 2016, Trump questioned Hillary's stamina and Fox News host Sean Hannity called for Clinton to release her medical records, fueling these theories.[161]

The US intelligence community noted that Clinton had health issues by August 27, 2016.[162] In September 2016, Clinton developed pneumonia. She left a 9/11 commemoration ceremony early due to illness.[163] [164] [165] Video footage of Clinton's departure showed Clinton becoming unsteady on her feet and being helped into a van;[166] this footage went viral.[167] Later that evening, Clinton reassured reporters that she was "feeling great".[168] The Clinton campaign initially stated that Clinton had become overheated at the event; later on September 11, the campaign acknowledged that she had been diagnosed with pneumonia two days earlier.[166] Clinton spent three days recovering at home, canceling several campaign events, before returning to the campaign trail at a rally at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.[169]

Following the 9/11 event, the Clinton campaign was criticized by some media outlets for a lack of transparency concerning Clinton's health.[170] [171] A subsequent poll found that 46% of respondents did not believe the campaign's disclosure that Clinton was suffering from pneumonia.[172] Responding to concerns about transparency, Clinton released supplementary health records from Dr. Bardack, who found that she had had a non-contagious bacterial pneumonia infection and that she had recovered well with antibiotics and rest. Bardack wrote that she was "fit to serve as president of the United States."[173]

Controversies

Email controversy

See main article: Hillary Clinton email controversy.

In March 2015, Clinton's practice of using her own private email address and server during her time as Secretary of State, in lieu of State Department servers, attracted widespread public attention.[174] Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated.[175] Nearly 2,100 emails contained in Clinton's server were determined to be classified when the state department had an opportunity to review them. According to Clinton they were not marked classified at the time she handled them. 65 emails were found to contain information classified as "Secret", more than 20 contained "Top-Secret" information, and the rest contained "Confidential" information.[176] [177] [178] [179] Government policy, reiterated in the nondisclosure agreement signed by Clinton as part of gaining her security clearance, is that sensitive information should be considered and handled as classified even if not marked as such.[180] After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server.[180] [181] [182] [183]

The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department. On October 28, 11 days before the election, FBI Director James Comey informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional emails obtained during its investigation of the unrelated matter of former New York Representative Anthony Weiner sexting an underage girl.[184] [185] On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI's earlier conclusion.[186] [187] The next day, stock and currency markets around the world surged in response.[188] [189] [190] Clinton, speaking to major donors after her loss and citing campaign data, claimed that the effect of the two letters Comey released days before the election contributed to her defeat.[191]

Benghazi hearings

See main article: United States House Select Committee on Benghazi. On October 22, 2015, Clinton testified for a second time before the Benghazi Committee and answered members' questions for more than eight hours in a public hearing.[192] [193] [194] The New York Times reported that "the long day of often-testy exchanges between committee members and their prominent witness revealed little new information about an episode that has been the subject of seven previous investigations...Perhaps stung by recent admissions that the pursuit of Mrs. Clinton's emails was politically motivated, Republican lawmakers on the panel for the most part avoided any mention of her use of a private email server."[192] The email issue did arise shortly before lunch, in a "shouting match" between Republican committee chair Trey Gowdy and two Democrats, Adam Schiff and Elijah Cummings.[192] Late in the hearing, Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, accused Clinton of changing her accounts of the email service, leading to a "heated exchange" in which Clinton "repeated that she had made a mistake in using a private email account, but maintained that she had never sent or received anything marked classified and had sought to be transparent by publicly releasing her emails,"[192] a claim that was later contradicted by James Comey.[195]

According to The Hill, the hearings provided a positive momentum for Clinton's 2016 campaign, with her performance generating headlines such as "Marathon Benghazi hearing leaves Hillary Clinton largely unscathed" (CNN), and "GOP lands no solid punches while sparring with Clinton over Benghazi" (The Washington Post). Her campaign received a windfall of donations, mostly coming from new donors.[196]

WikiLeaks

During the week of the Democratic National Convention, WikiLeaks released emails suggesting that the Clinton campaign and the Democratic National Committee tilted the primary in favor of Clinton. In an excerpt of Donna Brazile's book, , published in Politico magazine, Brazile wrote that she had found an unethical agreement between the Clinton campaign and the DNC which had allowed Clinton to exert "control of the party long before she became its nominee."[197] [198] [199] In an interview on ABC's This Week on November 5, 2017, Brazile said that she had found no evidence of the Democratic primaries having been rigged in favor of Clinton.

Burns Strider

During the 2016 election, Correct the Record, a pro-Clinton political action committee, suspended former Clinton advisor Burns Strider over sexual harassment allegations. Clinton was criticized when it was discovered that she was aware of sexual harassment allegations against Strider when he worked on her 2008 presidential campaign years earlier and against the advice of her staff refused remove him from her campaign.[200] [201] Clinton said she didn't fire Strider because “I didn't think firing him was the best solution to the problem”.

Basket of deplorables

See main article: Basket of deplorables. On August 25, 2016, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump's campaign for using "racist lies" and allowing the alt-right to gain prominence.[202] At a fundraiser on September 9, Clinton stated: "You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump's supporters into what I call the basket of deplorables. They're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamophobic — you name it."[203] Trump criticized Clinton's remark as insulting to his supporters,[204] and some political analysts compared the statement to Mitt Romney's 47% gaffe in 2012.[205] The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying "half", while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified "hateful views and voices".[206]

The "Deplorables" nickname was adopted by some Trump supporters,[207] with the Trump campaign inviting "deplorable Americans" on stage[208] and using the label against Clinton in an advertisement.[209]

Alleged promotion of ties between Trump and Russia

In May 2022, Clinton's former campaign manager Robby Mook said that Clinton had approved of a plan to pitch the now-discredited accusation to the media that there had been activity between computer servers belonging to the Russian bank Alfa-Bank and the Trump Organization, on or about October 30, 2016.[210]

Demographics and interest groups

Women

In national polling, Clinton enjoyed "the highest level of female support of any candidate in more than four decades," with a 24-point lead in among female registered voters in a Pew Research Center taken on the eve of the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[211] The same polling also showed a 16-percentage point difference in support among women and men, a historically unprecedented gender gap.[211] Supporters created a private, online group, Pantsuit Nation, to share images in support of the candidate and her campaign. Its 2.9 million members used Clinton's typical choice of business wear—the pantsuit—as a symbol of both the candidate and the historical fight for women's equality.[212] [213] [214]

African-American community

Clinton enjoyed the overwhelming support of African American voters in the Democratic primary elections.[215] [216] Overall, 77 percent of Black Democratic primary voters supported Clinton.[217] Clinton performed especially well among Black women voters.[216] There was a very large age gap among Black voters, with the majority of younger Black voters (under age 30) favoring Sanders but the overwhelming majority of older Black voters favoring Clinton.[218]

In general election polling, Clinton continued to enjoy an overwhelming advantage among Black voters. Nationwide polling in the summer months of 2016 showed Clinton with the support of between 83% and 91% of Black voters.[219] [220] A key aim of the Clinton campaign was to ensure high voter turnout for African American voters; with President Barack Obama making a personal appeal to Black citizens to cast a ballot in the election.[221] [222] Younger Black voters were of particular concern to the Clinton campaign, because this demographic was more skeptical of Clinton than their elders.[223] [224] [225]

Clinton has advocated criminal justice reform as well as support for African-American youth.[226] However, critics have brought up her quote as First Lady regarding the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, in which she described young, impoverished black children who had to turn to crime: "They are often the kinds of kids that are called 'super-predators.' No conscience, no empathy. We can talk about why they ended up that way, but first we have to bring them to heel."[227] These remarks were used by Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump to imply racism on Clinton's behalf.[228]

LGBT community

Clinton made LGBT rights a central issue in her campaign. In addition to promoting broader LGBT rights, she also advocated for the right for transgender people to serve in the military.[229] In the few years prior to the campaign, her public position on same sex marriage and "Don't ask, don't tell" (a Bill Clinton-era law preventing openly LGB people from serving in the military) had changed, although she expressed no regret over her previous views.[230]

Clinton's stance on LGBT rights, like many Democrats, had shifted over time with public opinion. As First Lady and a Senator, she had opposed same-sex marriage, "favoring arrangements like civil unions", a position which "largely tracked public opinion" of the time.[231] [232] In 2004, she had opposed a proposed constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, and in 2006 she said she would not oppose an effort by New York State officials to legalize same-sex marriage.[231] In March 2013, she formally stated her support for same-sex marriage after stepping down as Secretary of State, stating she supported it "personally and as a matter of policy and law."[231] [233] In 2016, her Twitter account stated conversion therapy for minors should be ended.[234]

Clinton condemned Indiana's Religious Freedom Restoration Act.[235] She supported the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling.[236] She also endorsed the Equality Act of 2015.[237] [238]

In December 2015, Clinton published a plan for LGBT rights.[239] The next month, the Human Rights Campaign endorsed her for president.[240] She criticized Bernie Sanders for calling the Human Rights Campaign "part of the establishment."[241] [242]

In March 2016, in an interview with MSNBC at Nancy Reagan's funeral service, Clinton credited Reagan with starting the national conversation about AIDS. Clinton's comments drew heavy criticism from LGBT groups and the media, who said that the Reagans had ignored the issue, causing Clinton to apologize and retract her statement.[243]

In October 2016, Clinton became the first major-party presidential candidate ever to write an op-ed for an LGBT newspaper, writing for Philadelphia Gay News.[244]

Endorsements

See main article: List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements and List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements.

See also: Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election.

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times,[245] The Washington Post,[246] Los Angeles Times,[247] Houston Chronicle,[248] [249] The Cincinnati Enquirer,[250] [251] The Dallas Morning News,[252] [253] and The Arizona Republic,[254] editorial boards. The Houston Chronicle traditionally endorses Republicans later in the election, but chose to endorse Clinton in July. The Dallas Morning News had not endorsed a Democrat for president since 1940. The Cincinnati Enquirer had not endorsed a Democratic presidential candidate for almost 100 years. The Arizona Republic, which began publishing in 1890, had never endorsed a Democratic candidate.

USA Today, which had never endorsed a presidential candidate, broke the tradition and took sides in the race with an editorial which declared Trump as "erratic", describing his business career as "checkered", calling him a "serial liar" and "unfit for the presidency". The newspaper, however, said the "editorial does not represent unqualified support for Hillary Clinton."[255] [256] [257] The Atlantic, which had only made two presidential endorsements in its 160-year history, endorsed Clinton.[258]

A group of 70 Nobel laureates endorsed Clinton in an open letter released in October 2016. Among the signatories to the letter were chemist Peter Agre, economist Robert J. Shiller, and physicist Robert Woodrow Wilson.[259]

Transition planning

See also: Planned presidential transition of Hillary Clinton.

A presidential transition was contingently planned from President Barack Obama to Clinton in accordance with the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010 and the Edward "Ted" Kaufman and Michael Leavitt Presidential Transitions Improvements Act of 2015.

Potential Supreme Court nominees

From the beginning of her presidential candidacy, Clinton stated that she would like to nominate justices who would overturn the decision in Citizens United v. FEC, a case allowing corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns.[260] Clinton also voiced support for judges who would vote favorably regarding abortion, unions, affirmative action, same-sex marriage, and President Obama's Clean Power Plan and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans program.[261] [262] Clinton also stated that she would look for a nominee who represents the diversity of the country and has professional experience outside of working for large law firms and serving as a judge.[263]

Potential nominees listed in August 2016 by the ABA Journal included Cory Booker, Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, Merrick Garland, Jane L. Kelly, Amy Klobuchar, Lucy H. Koh, Goodwin Liu, Patricia Millett, Jacqueline Nguyen, Sri Srinivasan and Paul J. Watford.[264] Barack Obama's name was also floated.[265]

Election results

The Clinton campaign held its election night celebration at the Javits Center in New York City, in an event headlined by speakers including Chuck Schumer, Andrew Cuomo, Bill de Blasio, and Katy Perry.[266] At the conclusion of the event, cannons filled with translucent confetti were set to deploy from the glass roof of the Javits Center to symbolize "breaking the glass ceiling".[267] The campaign initially obtained permits to set off fireworks from a barge on the Hudson River, but cancelled the display on November 7.[268]

As the results came in on election night, November 8, 2016, Clinton lost in multiple states that she had been predicted to win, including the blue wall states of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. In the early morning hours of November 9, media sources declared Trump the winner of the presidency.[269] Clinton lost the electoral vote while winning the popular vote, in what the New York Times called a "surprise outcome" after polls leading up to election day had predicted a Clinton victory.[270] [271] On the advice of then-President Barack Obama, she congratulated Trump on the win in the early morning hours of November 9, 2016, and delivered her public concession speech at 11:50 AM ET, November 9, 2016, at the Grand Ballroom of the New Yorker Hotel.[272] [273]

On November 9, Clinton's Twitter account tweeted, "To all the little girls watching...never doubt that you are valuable and powerful & deserving of every chance & opportunity in the world [to pursue and achieve your own dreams]". Drawn from part of Clinton's concession speech, these words became the most retweeted political tweet of the year, the third most retweeted tweet of the year, and the top retweet in the United States.[274]

Trump received 304 electoral college votes to Clinton's 227, with two Trump electors and five Clinton electors voting for someone else.[275] [276] [277] In the nationwide popular vote, Clinton received over 2.8 million (2.1%) more votes than Trump.[278] [279] [280] This is the widest-ever lead in the popular vote for a candidate who lost the election.[281] It also makes Clinton the first woman to win the popular vote in an election for United States president.[282]

Clinton's losses in the "blue wall" states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin played a major role in the outcome of the campaign.[283] [284] [285] [286]

Effectiveness

After a loss that was widely perceived as a surprise, critics alleged that the Clinton team ran an ineffective campaign. Several issues have been highlighted. A study by Wesleyan Media Project has shown that Clinton's TV ads "were almost entirely policy-free". The researchers wrote that "misallocated advertising funds" and "lack of policy messaging in advertising may have hurt Clinton enough to have made a difference".[287] In , reporters Jonathan Allen and Amie Parnes state that the campaign had "little vision or inspiration", an "ineffective" strategy that focused on "turnout, not persuasion" and reliance on a "faulty analytic model", amongst other issues.[288] Political scientist Stan Greenberg stated that Clinton focused on "[her] base and identity at the expense of class", that she did not call out "big-money special interests", and that her campaign focused too heavily on "data analytics".[289] Media outlets pointed to other perceived weaknesses in the campaign, including the lack of a coherent message,[290] [291] [292] [293] an unwillingness to heed signs of trouble,[294] [295] and the failure to remedy some voters' perception that Clinton was simply untrustworthy.[295] [290] Chris Cillizza of The Washington Post named Clinton "the worst candidate of 2016".[296]

Despite this, political scientists John M. Sides, Michael Tesler and Lynn Vavreck dispute the criticism that Clinton ran an inept campaign, saying that this is a "myth" and there is little evidence to support the criticism.[297] A common critique of the Clinton campaign is that it did not campaign in Wisconsin (which Trump narrowly won); however, according to a study by political scientist Christopher J. Devine, it is "unclear" from the evidence "whether Clinton also would have gained votes, or even won, in Wisconsin had she campaigned in that state."[298]

In her 2017 memoir What Happened, Clinton characterized her comments on putting "coal miners out of business" and labeling her opponent's supporters as a "basket of deplorables" as political missteps that cost her votes.[299] [300] Clinton also alluded to several external factors that influenced the election results in Trump's favor, including James Comey releasing two letters regarding her email investigation days before the election,[191] the news media, particularly The New York Times for their prioritization of covering her email scandal over other policy issues,[301] [302] and the spoiler effect of Green Party candidate Jill Stein.[299] [303]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Committee/Candidate Details . . February 20, 2017. December 31, 2016 . Hillary for America (C00575795).
  2. Getting Started . Hillary . Clinton . April 12, 2015 . YouTube.
  3. News: AP count: Clinton has delegates to win Democratic nomination . Associated Press . June 6, 2016 . November 22, 2016 . May 1, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170501203536/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4c9c850385c84b12ad5b85fda49743f9/after-weekend-wins-clinton-cusp-democratic-nomination . dead .
  4. News: Amy . Chozick . Alan . Rappaport . Jonathan . Martin . Hillary Clinton Selects Tim Kaine, a Popular Senator From a Swing State, as Running Mate . July 23, 2016 . The New York Times.
  5. News: Nolan D. . McCaskill . July 26, 2016 . Hillary Clinton breaks the glass ceiling . Politico.
  6. News: Hillary Clinton concedes. CNN. November 9, 2016.
  7. Web site: November 9, 2016 . 2016 Election: Donald Trump Wins the White House in Upset . NBC News.
  8. Web site: Taegan . Goddard . Did Hillary Clinton ever stop running for president? . . February 21, 2014.
  9. News: Clintons have made more than $25 million for speaking since January 2014 . May 15, 2015 . . Gold . Matea . Helderman . Rosalind S. . Gearan . Anne.
  10. News: The New York Times. Hillary Clinton's Paid Speeches to Wall Street Animate Her Opponents. Nicholas . Confessore . Jason . Horowitz. January 21, 2016.
  11. News: The New York Times. Leaked Speech Excerpts Show a Hillary Clinton at Ease With Wall Street. October 7, 2016. Amy . Chozick . Nicholas . Confessore . Michael . Barbaro.
  12. News: Hacked Transcripts Reveal a Genial Hillary Clinton at Goldman Sachs Events . . Amy . Chozick . Nicholas . Confessore . October 15, 2016 . November 14, 2016 . Most strikingly, Mrs. Clinton did not defend the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial oversight legislation, a major achievement of President Obama and congressional Democrats in the wake of the crisis—and a target of Wall Street lobbying ever since. Instead, Mrs. Clinton suggested that it had been passed for "political reasons" by lawmakers panicked by their angry constituents..
  13. Can Anyone Stop Hillary? . Von Drehle . David . Time . January 27, 2014.
  14. News: Hillary Clinton on possible presidency: 'I'm realistic' . Carter . Chelsea J. . CNN. September 23, 2013.
  15. News: Cheryl K. . Chumley . Hillary Clinton: I'll announce in 2014 if I'm running . . December 19, 2013.
  16. News: Chris . Good . Hillary Clinton Reveals 2016 Timetable, Won't Say Whether She'll Testify On Benghazi . . June 8, 2014.
  17. News: Clinton's second act: Her long road to 2016 decision . Julie . Pace . The Big Story . Associated Press . April 13, 2015 . April 15, 2015 . July 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150723020742/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a5a12258747440d3b22b5e50fae2b932/clintons-decision-long-road-second-campaign . dead .
  18. News: Hillary Clinton's slow walk to 'yes' . Glenn . Thrush . Annie . Karni . Gabriel . Debenedetti . Politico . April 12, 2015.
  19. News: Is Hillary Clinton closing the door on politics? . Miller . Jake . CBS News . January 29, 2013.
  20. News: Hillary Clinton leaving world stage, but for how long? . Holland . Steve . Reuters . January 16, 2013.
  21. Web site: Patrick . Caldwell . Future Superdelegates Are Already Kissing Up to Hillary 2016 . . November 8, 2013.
  22. Web site: Jasmine . Sachar . Bob . Cusack . 60 Dems endorse Hillary for 2016 . . January 28, 2014.
  23. Web site: 2016 Polls Show Clinton Leads in Key States, GOP Field Wide Open . February 15, 2015 . NBC News.
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  26. News: Amy . Chozick . Hillary Clinton will Need a Second Chance to Make an Impression . The New York Times . May 19, 2015.
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  40. News: Hillary Clinton Makes Surprise Pit Stop at Chipotle in Ohio During Presidential Roadtrip . Erin . Dooley . ABC News . April 13, 2015.
  41. News: Clinton road trip: Chipotle, cottage cheese and Scooby snacks . Dan . Merica . CNN. April 13, 2015.
  42. News: Everything You Need to Know About Hillary Clinton's 'Scooby Van' . Ali . Elkin . Bloomberg News . April 14, 2015.
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  45. News: Tamara . Keith . The 13 Questions Hillary Clinton Has Answered From The Press . It's All Politics . NPR . May 13, 2015 . Questions about when there will be interviews, or when she will make herself available to questions from reporters, are deflected with something along the lines of: all in good time..
  46. News: Zach C. . Cohen . Here Are Eight Media Questions Hillary Clinton Has Answered During Her Campaign . . April 27, 2015 . Despite being bombarded with press questions at every chance, Clinton has only personally answered a handful of inquiries since formally launching her campaign April 12. . subscription .
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  50. News: Amy . Chozick . Hillary Clinton, in Roosevelt Island Speech, Pledges to Close Income Gap . . June 13, 2015 . Mrs. Clinton specified policies she would push for, including universal prekindergarten, paid family leave, equal pay for women, college affordability and incentives for companies that provide profit-sharing to employees..
  51. News: Michael D. . Shear . Amy . Chozick . Trade Deal Comments Put Hillary Clinton at Odds With Her Former Boss . . June 17, 2015.
  52. News: Ball . Molly . Hillary's Uninspiring Agenda: The Democratic frontrunner launches her candidacy with a speech that's long on proposals, short on enthusiasm . . June 13, 2015 .
  53. John . Cassidy . Hillary Clinton Goes Populist—Up to a Point . . June 13, 2015.
  54. News: Bilefsky . Dan . June 18, 2015 . Pastor Was an Influential Figure From the Start . The New York Times . August 10, 2023.
  55. "South Carolina Governor Haley hugs Democratic Presidential candidate Clinton at the funeral of South Carolina State Senator and Rev, Clementa Pinckney". UPI. 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  56. News: Maggie . Haberman . Hillary Clinton to Start Airing Ads in Iowa and New Hampshire . The New York Times . August 2, 2015.
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  58. News: Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs . Amy . Chozick . The New York Times . March 4, 2016.
  59. Web site: Hillary Clinton on Trade . Campaign 2016 . Council on Foreign Relations . August 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160822113931/http://www.cfr.org/campaign2016/hillary-clinton/on-trade . August 22, 2016 . dead .
  60. Web site: Compare Clinton and Trump on Trade . Campaign 2016 . Council on Foreign Relations . August 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160725131855/http://www.cfr.org/campaign2016/hillary-clinton/donald-trump/on-trade . July 25, 2016 . dead .
  61. News: Merica . Dan . Clinton: I will introduce campaign finance amendment in first 30 days . CNN. July 16, 2016 .
  62. News: Oreskes . Benjamin . Clinton pledges constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United ruling . Politico . July 16, 2016 .
  63. News: Clinton patches relations with liberals at campaign's outset . The Big Story . Associated Press . Lisa . Lerder . April 19, 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150623162718/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/130dda61f1e24e05ba2233b3e80fa638/clinton-patches-relations-liberals-campaigns-outset . June 23, 2015.
  64. News: Hillary Clinton: Equal pay, problem-solving would be top priorities . February 24, 2015 . CBS News.
  65. News: Chozick . Amy . A Path to Citizenship, Clinton Says, 'Is at Its Heart a Family Issue' . The New York Times . May 5, 2015.
  66. Hillary Clinton Education Roundtable in Iowa . C-SPAN.org . April 14, 2015.
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  69. News: Hillary Clinton Blasts Donald Trump's Comments on Muslims. Sam. Frizell. November 17, 2016.
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  71. News: Amy . Chozick . Patrick . Healy . Hillary Clinton Wins South Carolina Primary . The New York Times . February 27, 2016 . They chose her over Mr. Sanders by more than six to one....
  72. News: Anne . Gearan . Clinton is banking on the Obama coalition to win . May 17, 2015 . The Washington Post . May 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150517215714/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/running-to-the-left-hillary-clinton-is-banking-on-the-obama-coalition-to-win/2015/05/17/33b7844a-fb28-11e4-9ef4-1bb7ce3b3fb7_story.html . live . 0190-8286 . 'Her approach to this really is not trying to take a ruler out and measure where she wants to be on some ideological scale,' Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta said. 'It's to dive deeply into the problems facing the American people and American families. She's a proud wonk, and she looks at policy from that perspective.' . January 6, 2016 . mdy-all .
  73. News: Jonathan . Martin . Maggie . Haberman . Hillary Clinton Traces Friendly Path, Troubling Party . The New York Times . June 6, 2015 . Recognizing that Democrats had to be galvanized to show up at the polls, Mrs. Clinton's advisers used surveys and focus groups to assess the risks of running a strongly liberal campaign. They concluded that there were few..
  74. News: Brendan . Nyhan . Hillary Clinton and Wishful-Thinking Politics . The New York Times . June 11, 2015 . The reason is the Electoral College, a winner-take-all system that rewards candidates who focus almost exclusively on closely contested states..
  75. News: Dan . Balz . Clinton, Trump victories foreshadow a nasty, contentious fall campaign . The Washington Post . March 2, 2016.
  76. News: Nicholas . Confessore . Beneath Hillary Clinton's Super Tuesday Wins, Signs of Turnout Trouble . The New York Times . March 2, 2016.
  77. News: Amy . Chozick . What Hillary Clinton Would Need to Do to Win . The New York Times . April 12, 2015.
  78. News: James . Hohmann . The Daily 202: Hillary Clinton is winning with a hyper-local strategy . . March 8, 2016.
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  81. News: Steve . Benen . Steve Benen . After Brexit, Clinton stresses 'steady, experienced leadership' . . June 24, 2016.
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  84. News: Dan . Merica . Hillary Clinton seeks 'new beginning' with the press . CNN. March 24, 2015.
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  100. News: Reena . Flores . Hillary Clinton calls out Bernie Sanders' "artful smear" in Democratic debate . . February 4, 2016 . On the offensive after Sanders tied her campaign fundraising to Wall Street, Clinton called out the Vermont senator for conducting a "very artful smear" campaign..
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  109. News: Johnson . Ted . Thomas Tull, Haim Saban Give Seven-Figure Sums to Pro-Clinton SuperPAC . . January 31, 2016.
  110. News: Matea . Gold . Super PAC makes big play to lift Hillary Clinton in primary states . . February 12, 2016 . The campaign is set to roll out in more than two dozen states that hold primary contests in March, with a heavy presence in those where people can vote early in person: Arkansas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Louisiana, Florida, Illinois, North Carolina, Ohio and Arizona..
  111. News: Jonathan . Martin . Alan . Rappeport . Hillary Clinton Sharpens Focus After Democratic Debate Tussles . . February 12, 2016.
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  117. News: Halper . Evan . Be nice to Hillary Clinton online — or risk a confrontation with her super PAC . . May 9, 2016.
  118. News: Foran . Claire . A $1 Million Fight Against Hillary Clinton's Online Trolls . . May 31, 2016.
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  122. News: Rucker . Philip . Hillary Clinton hires Google executive to be chief technology officer . . April 8, 2015.
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  127. News: Hillary Clinton's $2 Billion Money Man . . August 6, 2015.
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  131. News: John . Hudson . Inside Hillary Clinton's Massive Foreign-Policy Brain Trust . . February 10, 2016.
  132. News: Ron . Kampeas . Hillary Clinton's foreign policy advisers are exactly who you'd expect them to be . . May 4, 2016.
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  134. Web site: Sirota. David. Hillary Clinton Appoints Ken Salazar To Lead White House Transition. International Business Times. August 16, 2016.
  135. Web site: Kate . Kaye . How Clinton and Trump Really Match Up in the Campaign Data Wars: Is Clinton's Data Game Stronger than Trump's? . . March 8, 2016.
  136. News: Lauren Victoria . Burke . Clinton Campaign Hires Black Owned Advertising Firm . . November 17, 2015.
  137. News: Hunter . Schwarz . Hillary Clinton's retro 'H' logo has plenty of critics. But at least it's novel . . April 13, 2015.
  138. News: Darren . Samuelsohn . Design experts trash Hillary's new logo . . April 17, 2015.
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  140. News: Philip . Rucker . Anne . Gearan . The making of Hillary 5.0: Marketing wizards help re‑imagine Clinton brand . . February 21, 2015 . Clinton has recruited consumer marketing specialists onto her team of trusted political advisers. Their job is to help imagine Hillary 5.0 — the rebranding of a first lady turned senator turned failed presidential candidate turned secretary of state turned likely 2016 Democratic presidential nominee..
  141. Web site: Danny . Freeman . Chris . Jansing . Carrie . Dann . Sanders Lays Off Staff After Tuesday Primary Losses . . April 27, 2016.
  142. News: Clinton hits 'magic number' of delegates to clinch nomination . . Carrie . Dann . June 6, 2016 . June 7, 2016.
  143. Web site: Hillary Clinton secures majority of pledged delegate . June 8, 2016 . Politico.
  144. News: Obama endorses Hillary Clinton in video . Eric . Bradner . CNN. June 9, 2016.
  145. News: Bixby . Scott . Hillary Clinton gets endorsements from Obama, Biden and Elizabeth Warren – as it happened . . June 9, 2016.
  146. Web site: US Election: Bernie Sanders says he will vote for Hillary Clinton . June 24, 2016 . . Reuters. June 24, 2016.
  147. Web site: Sanders And Clinton To Rally Together In New Hampshire . . Keith . Tamara . July 11, 2016.
  148. Web site: McCaskill. Nolan D. . Hillary Clinton breaks the glass ceiling . . July 26, 2016.
  149. Web site: Carrie. Dann. Hillary Clinton Becomes First Female Nominee of Major U.S. Political Party. July 27, 2016. NBC News.
  150. Web site: Debate 2016 . Hofstra University, New York . July 19, 2016 . September 28, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120918235338/http://www.hofstra.edu/debate/ . September 18, 2012 . dead .
  151. Web site: Annalisa . Merelli . Presidential Debate: Hillary Clinton put a big crack in the glass ceiling, but where did we get the term? . . July 14, 2016.
  152. Web site: Fact Check: Trump And Clinton Debate For The First Time . . . September 26, 2016.
  153. News: Presidential Debate Sets Viewership Record . . Perlberg . Steven . September 27, 2016.
  154. Web site: Nate. Silver . Election Update: Early Polls Suggest A Post-Debate Bounce For Clinton. FiveThirtyEight. September 28, 2016.
  155. News: Jonathan. Martin. Polls Show Debate Performance Gave Hillary Clinton a Lift. The New York Times. September 30, 2016.
  156. News: October 9, 2016 . The second presidential debate . CNN.
  157. News: October 10, 2016 . Who won the town hall debate? . CNN.
  158. Web site: Fitzgerald . Thomas . Memorable lines from third presidential debate . October 19, 2016 . . October 20, 2016.
  159. Web site: David. Catanese. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Clash Strongly in Final Debate | The Run 2016 . US News & World Report. October 20, 2016. October 20, 2016.
  160. News: Lawrence K. . Altman . No Serious Health Issues for Hillary Clinton, Her Doctor Reports . The New York Times . July 31, 2015.
  161. Web site: Kurtzleben . Danielle . Hillary Clinton Says Donald Trump Is Pushing 'Deranged Conspiracy Theories' About Her Health . August 18, 2016 . NPR. January 6, 2017.
  162. Book: Helgerson, John L.. Getting to Know the President: intelligence Briefings of Presidential candidates and Presidents-elect, 1952–2016 . October 9, 2021 . Central Intelligence Agency. 21 January 2022.
  163. News: Jonathan . Martin . Amy . Chozick . Hillary Clinton's Doctor Says Pneumonia Led to Abrupt Exit From 9/11 Event . September 12, 2016 . The New York Times.
  164. News: Eric . Bradner . Clinton didn't think illness was 'going to be that big a deal' . . September 12, 2016.
  165. Web site: Phillip . Abby . Clinton's impulse to 'power through' with pneumonia set off cascade of problems . September 12, 2016 . . January 8, 2017.
  166. Web site: Press rips Clinton campaign's handling of health incident. Gabriel. Debenedetti. Politico. September 11, 2016 .
  167. The Making of Hillary Clinton's Most Unwanted Viral Video. Issie. Lapowsky. Wired. September 12, 2016.
  168. News: Suffering from pneumonia, Clinton falls ill at 9/11 memorial,.... September 12, 2016. Reuters.
  169. News: Amy . Chozick . Hillary Clinton Returns to the Campaign Trail Amid Health Questions . September 15, 2016 . The New York Times.
  170. News: Chris. Cillizza. Chris Cillizza. Hillary Clinton's health just became a real issue in the presidential campaign . . September 12, 2016.
  171. Web site: Perry . Tim . Hillary Clinton's medical scare highlights her transparency problem . . September 12, 2016 . January 8, 2017.
  172. News: Voters doubt Clinton's pneumonia explanation, poll shows. Damien. Gayle. September 13, 2016. The Guardian.
  173. News: Merica . Dan . Hillary Clinton campaign releases new health information . September 15, 2016 . CNN. January 8, 2017.
  174. News: Using Private Email, Hillary Clinton Thwarted Record Requests . Schmidt . Michael S. . Michael S. Schmidt. Chozick . Amy . . March 3, 2015.
  175. News: Clinton e-mail review could find security issues . Leonnig . Carol D. . Helderman . Rosalind S. . Gearan . Anne . . March 6, 2015.
  176. News: Steven Lee . Myers . Julie Hirschfeld . Davis . Last Batch of Hillary Clinton's Emails Is Released . February 29, 2016 . The New York Times.
  177. News: Stephen . Dinan . Hillary Clinton 'secret' email count doubles as latest batch is released . . February 29, 2016.
  178. News: Josh . Gerstein . Rachael . Bade . 22 Hillary Clinton emails declared 'top secret' by State Dept . . January 31, 2016.
  179. News: Steven Lee . Myers . 22 Clinton Emails Deemed Too Classified to Be Made Public . January 30, 2016 . The New York Times.
  180. News: Clinton Emails Held Indirect References to Undercover CIA Officers . Ken . Dilanian . . February 4, 2016.
  181. News: Scott . Shane . Michael S. . Schmidt . Michael S. Schmidt . Hillary Clinton Emails Take Long Path to Controversy . . August 8, 2015.
  182. News: Douglas . Cox . Hillary Clinton email controversy: How serious is it? . July 27, 2015 . CNN.
  183. News: Glenn . Kessler . How did 'top secret' emails end up on Hillary Clinton's server? . February 4, 2016 . The Washington Post.
  184. News: Comey notified Congress of email probe despite DOJ concerns. Perez. Evan. Brown. Pamela. October 29, 2016. CNN. October 29, 2016.
  185. News: FBI discovered Clinton-related emails weeks ago. Perez. Evan. Brown. Pamela. October 31, 2016. CNN. October 31, 2016.
  186. News: FBI finds no criminality in review of newly discovered Clinton emails. Monica . Alba . Frank V . Thorp . Phil . McCausland . NBC News. November 6, 2016. November 6, 2016.
  187. News: Matt . Apuzzo . Michael S. . Schmidt . Adam . Goldman . Emails Warrant No New Action Against Hillary Clinton, F.B.I. Director Says. November 6, 2016. The New York Times. November 6, 2016.
  188. Web site: Dow surges 300 points as FBI clears Clinton on eve of election . . November 7, 2016 . November 7, 2016 . Shell . Adam . Onyanga-Omara . Jane.
  189. Web site: Dow soars 350 points higher on eve of US election; financials, health care lead . . November 7, 2016 . November 7, 2016 . Imbert . Fred.
  190. Web site: Stocks, dollar jump as FBI clears Clinton in email probe . . November 7, 2016 . November 7, 2016 . Mikolajczak . Chuck.
  191. News: Gabriel . Debenedetti. Clinton blames Comey letters for defeat. Politico. November 12, 2016.
  192. News: Michael D. . Shear . Michael S. . Schmidt . Benghazi Panel Engages Clinton in Tense Session . . October 22, 2015.
  193. News: David A. . Fahrenthold . Elise . Viebeck . GOP lands no solid punches while sparring with Clinton over Benghazi . . October 22, 2015.
  194. News: Full Text of Hearing: "Clinton testifies before House committee on Benghazi" . . October 22, 2015.
  195. News: August 2, 2017 . Here's what James Comey said about Hillary Clinton's emails back in July. Marc. Duvoisin. Los Angeles Times.
  196. Web site: Raul A. . Reyes . Clinton testimony upstages GOP's 2016 field . . October 26, 2015.
  197. News: Donna Brazile: I considered replacing Clinton with Biden as 2016 Democratic nominee. Rucker. Philip. November 4, 2017. The Washington Post. November 6, 2017.
  198. News: Brazile: I found 'no evidence' Democratic primary was rigged. Lima. Christiana. November 5, 2017. Politico. November 6, 2017.
  199. News: Inside Hillary Clinton's Secret Takeover of the DNC. Brazile. Donna. Donna Brazile. November 2, 2017. Politico. November 6, 2017.
  200. News: Haberman. Maggie. Chozick. Amy. January 26, 2018. Hillary Clinton Chose to Shield a Top Adviser Accused of Harassment in 2008. en-US. The New York Times. January 15, 2022. 0362-4331.
  201. Web site: Ruby. Cramer. Hillary Clinton Let Him Stay. Women Say His Harassment Continued.. January 15, 2022. BuzzFeed News. January 28, 2018 . en.
  202. News: Hillary Clinton Says 'Radical Fringe' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump . . Matt . Flegenheimer . August 25, 2016.
  203. Web site: Hillary Clinton's 'Basket Of Deplorables,' In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign . . Domenico . Montanaro . September 10, 2016 . The remarks also remind of inflammatory remarks in recent presidential elections on both sides — from Barack Obama's assertion in 2008 that people in small towns are "bitter" and "cling to guns or religion," to Mitt Romney's 2012 statement that 47 percent of Americans vote for Democrats because they are "dependent upon government" and believe they are "victims," to his vice presidential pick Paul Ryan's comment that the country is divided between "makers and takers.".
  204. News: Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers 'Deplorables,' and GOP Pounces . . Amy . Chozick . September 10, 2016 . Prof. Jennifer Mercieca, an expert in American political discourse at Texas A&M University, said in an email that the "deplorable" comment "sounds bad on the face of it" and compared it to Mr. Romney's 47 percent gaffe. "The comment demonstrates that she (like Romney) lacks empathy for that group," Professor Mercieca said..
  205. News: Voters strongly reject Hillary Clinton's 'basket of deplorables' approach . . Aaron . Blake . September 26, 2016 . On the other hand, it's not clear whether this comment, even if people don't like it, will have anywhere near the effect that Romney's "47 percent" comment was supposed to have. That's especially because Clinton has backed away from saying it applied to half of Trump supporters and, as I noted two weeks ago, the fact that Romney's comment might have alienated people who actually might have voted for him. Clinton's comment was about people already backing her opponent — a key difference..
  206. Hillary Clinton Says She Regrets Part of Her 'Deplorables' Comment . . Katie . Reilly . September 10, 2016.
  207. News: 'Deplorable' and proud: Some Trump supporters embrace the label . . William . Cummings . September 12, 2016.
  208. News: Supporters join Trump on stage: We are not deplorable . . Lisa . Hagen . September 10, 2016.
  209. Web site: Trump releases new ad hitting Clinton for 'deplorables' remark . . Hanna . Trudo . Steven . Shepard . September 12, 2016.
  210. News: Larson . Erik . May 20, 2022. Hillary Clinton Approved Trump-Russia Leak to Media, Her Campaign Manager Says . en . . 2022-05-21.
  211. News: Susan . Page . For Clinton, sisterhood is powerful — and Trump helps . USA Today . July 11, 2016.
  212. News: 'Pantsuit Nation' suits up for Election Day. Emanuella . Grinberg. CNN.
  213. Web site: Pantsuit Nation, the giant, secret Hillary Facebook group, explained. Jenée. Desmond-Harris. VOX. November 7, 2016.
  214. Web site: Pantsuits Nation on fire: Clinton thanks viral Facebook group. USA Today.
  215. News: Troy . Gil . Gil Troy . Why Black Voters Don't Feel the Bern . Politico . March 7, 2016 . Clinton has clobbered Sanders in states, mainly in the South, with large African-American populations.....
  216. Laura Meckler, Black Women Rally Behind Hillary Clinton, Wall Street Journal (April 28, 2016): "black women have overwhelmingly supported the former senator and secretary of state over rival Bernie Sanders, with 90% or more of them voting for her in some states. In New York, she took 79% of their votes..."
  217. Web site: Sarah. Dutton. Jennifer. De Pinto. Fred. Backus. Who's voting in the Democratic primaries?. CBS News. May 17, 2016.
  218. Web site: Perry Jr.. Bacon. Huge Split Between Older and Younger Blacks in the Democratic Primary. NBC News. May 28, 2016.
  219. Web site: Harry. Enten. Trump Is In Fourth Place Among Black Voters. FiveThirtyEight. August 10, 2016.
  220. Web site: Trymaine. Lee. Trump's Attempts to Woo Black Voters Are Having Opposite Effect. NBC News. September 3, 2016.
  221. News: Scott. Clement. How black voters could determine the 2016 election. The Washington Post. June 11, 2015.
  222. News: Amy. Chozick. Julie Hirschfeld. Davis. Obama Sees 'Personal Insult' if Blacks Don't Rally for Hillary Clinton. The New York Times. September 19, 2016.
  223. Jonathan Martin, Young Blacks Voice Skepticism on Hillary Clinton, Worrying Democrats, New York Times (September 4, 2016).
  224. Farai Chideya, Unlike Their Parents, Black Millennials Aren't A Lock For Clinton, FiveThirtyEight (September 20, 2016).
  225. Jeremy W. Peters & Yamiche Alcindor, Hillary Clinton Struggles to Win Back Young Voters From Third Parties, New York Times (September 28, 2016).
  226. News: Daniel . Strauss . Read The Full Text Of Hillary Clinton's Prison Reform Speech . Talking Points Memo . April 29, 2015.
  227. The Young Turks, (February 11, 2016). "Why Do African-Americans Support The Clintons?"  - via YouTube.
  228. Sanders:

    Trump:

  229. News: Lisa . Lerer . Hillary Clinton Promotes Gay Rights As Pillar Of 2016 Bid . The Huffington Post . October 4, 2015 . .
  230. News: Grindley. Lucas. Hillary Clinton Supports Her Husband's 'Defensive Action' as President. March 10, 2017. The Advocate. October 23, 2015.
  231. Web site: Hillary Clinton's Long Road to Supporting Gay Marriage . Nicholas . Peter . June 26, 2016 . Wall Street Journal.
  232. Web site: Amy . Sherman . Hillary Clinton's changing position on same-sex marriage . . June 17, 2015 . ...on same-sex marriage we give Clinton a Full Flop.
  233. What Hillary Clinton Did Before Her Campaign . Time . April 12, 2015 . Frizell . Sam.
  234. Web site: Hillary Clinton on Twitter: "LGBT kids are perfect exactly the way they are. #BornPerfect . Twitter.com . 2016 . October 12, 2016.
  235. hillaryclinton . 581267449523343360 . Hillary . Clinton . Sad this new Indiana law can happen in America today. We shouldn't discriminate against ppl bc of who they love #LGBT . March 26, 2015.
  236. Web site: Statement from Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court Decision on Marriage Equality . HillaryClinton.com . June 26, 2015 . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160204100628/https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/statements/2015/06/26/scotus-ruling-marriage-equality/ . February 4, 2016 . dead .
  237. News: Amanda . Terkel . Hillary Clinton Endorses LGBT Nondiscrimination Bill . The Huffington Post . July 23, 2015 .
  238. Web site: David . Badash . November 7, 2016 . Hillary Clinton Slams HERO Defeat, Explains DOMA 'Defensive Action' Claim . The New Civil Rights Movement.
  239. Web site: Fighting for Full Equality for LGBT People . HillaryClinton.com . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161113213400/https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2015/12/17/fighting-for-full-equality/ . November 13, 2016 . dead . mdy-all .
  240. Web site: Human Rights Campaign Endorses Hillary Clinton for President . Human Rights Campaign . January 19, 2016 . March 5, 2016 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211452/http://www.hrc.org/blog/human-rights-campaign-endorses-hillary-clinton-for-president . dead .
  241. News: Sanders dismisses major women's group as 'establishment' . Irin . Carmon . January 20, 2016 . MSNBC.
  242. News: Hillary Clinton hits Bernie Sanders over Planned Parenthood comments . David . Wright . January 20, 2016 . CNN.
  243. News: Amy . Chozick . Hillary Clinton Lauds Reagans on AIDS. A Backlash Erupts. . The New York Times . March 11, 2016.
  244. Web site: PGN Exclusive: Hillary Clinton addresses LGBT equality . Epgn.com . 2016 . October 9, 2016 . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010034910/http://www.epgn.com/news/local/11120-pgn-exclusive-hillary-clinton-addresses-lgbt-equality . dead .
  245. News: Editorial Board . Hillary Clinton for President . The New York Times . September 24, 2016 .
  246. News: Hillary Clinton for president. Editorial Board. October 13, 2016. The Washington Post.
  247. News: Politico staff . LA Times endorses Clinton, bashes Trump . Politico . September 23, 2016 .
  248. News: These are unsettling times that require a steady hand: That's Hillary Clinton . Editorial Board . Houston Chronicle . November 3, 2016 .
  249. News: Hillary Clinton endorsed by Houston Chronicle, Trump 'danger to the Republic' . Naomi . Lim . CNN . August 1, 2016.
  250. News: Borcher . Callum . Another conservative newspaper editorial board just endorsed Hillary Clinton . The Washington Post . September 23, 2016 .
  251. News: Nelson . Louis . Cincinnati Enquirer bucks tradition, endorses Democrat Clinton . Politico . September 23, 2016 .
  252. News: We recommend Hillary Clinton for president . Editorial Board . Dallas Morning News . September 7, 2016 .
  253. News: Borchers . Callum . Dallas Morning News endorses Hillary Clinton, backing first Democrat in 76 years . The Washington Post . September 7, 2016 .
  254. Web site: Endorsement: Hillary Clinton is the only choice to move America ahead . The Arizona Republic . Editorial Board . September 27, 2016.
  255. News: USA TODAY's Editorial Board: Trump is 'unfit for the presidency' . USA Today . September 30, 2016.
  256. News: September 29, 2016 . 'Don't vote for Trump,' says USA Today in first presidential endorsement in its history . Los Angeles Times.
  257. News: USA Today editorial declares Donald Trump is 'unfit for the presidency' . CNBC . September 30, 2016.
  258. News: Donald Trump Makes History With Zero Major Newspaper Endorsements . Itay. Hod. Yahoo! . The Wrap . October 6, 2016.
  259. News: Alan . Rappeport . 70 Nobel Laureates Endorse Hillary Clinton . The New York Times . October 18, 2016.
  260. News: Matea . Gold . Anne . Gearan . Hillary Clinton's litmus test for Supreme Court nominees: a pledge to overturn Citizens United'. The Washington Post . May 14, 2015.
  261. News: Clinton. Hillary. A make-or-break moment for Supreme Court appointments . Boston Globe . January 8, 2016.
  262. News: Ruger. Todd. Clinton, Trump Talk Around Senate in Supreme Court Debate. Roll Call. October 19, 2016.
  263. News: Farias. Christian. Hillary Clinton Has A Vision For The Supreme Court, And It Looks Like Sonia Sotomayor. October 21, 2016. Huffington Post. October 10, 2016.
  264. News: Debra Cassens . Weiss . Who is on Hillary Clinton's Supreme Court shortlist? . . August 3, 2016.
  265. News: Liz . Kreutz . Hillary Clinton Would Consider Appointing President Obama to Supreme Court . ABC News . January 26, 2016.
  266. A dark night at the Javits Center . Heller, Nathan . The New Yorker . November 9, 2016 . March 9, 2020.
  267. Web site: An artist creates a giant snowglobe with Hillary Clinton's unused election night confetti . Coleman, Nancy . CNN . July 14, 2017 . March 9, 2020.
  268. Web site: Clinton Campaign Extinguishes Election Night Fireworks Show . Adam K. . Raymond . . November 7, 2016 . March 9, 2020.
  269. News: Clinton vs. Trump: Voters Have Their Say on Election Day. November 9, 2016. The New York Times. November 9, 2016.
  270. News: Hillary Clinton has an 85% chance to win. The New York Times. November 8, 2016.
  271. News: Flegenheimer. Matt. Barbaro. Michael. Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment. The New York Times. November 9, 2016.
  272. News: Hillary Clinton Publicly Concedes: 'This Is Painful, and It Will Be for a Long Time' . Keneally. Meghan. November 9, 2016. ABC News.
  273. Samuelson . Kate . Watch Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech . . 2 February 2021 . 9 November 2016.
  274. Web site: Matthew . Rozsa . Hillary Clinton may not have won the White House, but she won Twitter . . November 16, 2016.
  275. News: 2016 election results, presidential results. November 23, 2016. CNN. November 24, 2016. December 31, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171231012825/http://edition.cnn.com/election/results. dead.
  276. News: Presidential Election Results: Donald J. Trump Wins . The New York Times. August 9, 2017.
  277. News: Trump Officially Wins Michigan As Possible Recount Looms . Taylor. Jessica. November 28, 2016. NPR.
  278. Web site: Election 2016. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. December 1, 2016.
  279. News: Final vote count 2016. Evon. Dan. November 13, 2016. Snopes.
  280. News: Clinton's lead in the popular vote passes 1 million. Conway. Madeline. November 15, 2016. Politico.
  281. News: Clinton's Popular-Vote Lead Is Now Over 2 Million, But Don't Expect Big Changes. Montanaro. Domenico. November 25, 2016. NPR.
  282. Web site: Allison . Adato . Inside Hillary Clinton's Election Night Party . . November 9, 2016.
  283. Web site: The States Hillary Clinton Neglected Led to Her Defeat. Ronald. Brownstein. November 10, 2016. The Atlantic.
  284. Web site: Trump stomps all over the Democrats' Blue Wall. Theodore. Schleifer. November 9, 2016. CNN.
  285. Web site: Janet. Hook. Eli. Stokols. Biden lavishes time and money on key industrial states, but hasn't locked them down yet. September 10, 2020. Los Angeles Times.
  286. Web site: Craig. Gilbert. Todd. Spangler. Bill. Laitner. How Clinton lost 'blue wall' states of Mich., Pa., Wis.. USA Today. November 9, 2016.
  287. Web site: Study: Hillary Clinton's TV ads were almost entirely policy-free. Jeff Stein. 8 March 2017. Vox.
  288. Web site: Thomas. Goulding. Five things we've learned about Hillary Clinton's failed presidential campaign from new inside account. The Guardian. 4 May 2017.
  289. Web site: How She Lost. The American Prospect. Stan Greenberg. 21 September 2017.
  290. Web site: Hillary Clinton's big problem wasn't bad data - it was bad politics. June 3, 2017. Salon.
  291. The Trump Campaign Is in Full Nuclear Meltdown Mode. June 6, 2016. Vanity Fair.
  292. Web site: Richard. Cohen. Cohen: Walter Mondale, the original Hillary Clinton. Mercury News. May 8, 2017.
  293. Web site: Jesse. Marx. Six months after Clinton loss, public wants answers 'beyond Russia and Comey,' author says. The Desert Sun. May 5, 2017.
  294. Web site: How Clinton lost Michigan — and blew the election. Edward-Isaac. Dovere. December 14, 2016. Politico.
  295. Web site: Why did Hillary Clinton lose? Simple. She ran a bad campaign.. November 14, 2016. Chicago Tribune.
  296. News: Cillizza . Chris . Chris Cillizza. November 25, 2021. The worst candidate of 2016 . en-US . . August 6, 2023 . 0190-8286.
  297. News: John. Sides. Michael. Tesler. Lynn. Vavreck. Lynn Vavreck. Perspective Five myths about the 2016 election. The Washington Post. en. October 5, 2018. October 6, 2018.
  298. Devine. Christopher J.. July 26, 2018. What if Hillary Clinton Had Gone to Wisconsin? Presidential Campaign Visits and Vote Choice in the 2016 Election. The Forum. en. 16. 2. 211–234. 10.1515/for-2018-0011. 149591403. 1540-8884. free.
  299. News: Zurcher . Anthony . What Happened: The long list of who Hillary Clinton blames . . September 12, 2017.
  300. Web site: Allison . Adato . Hillary Clinton's What Happened: Book Review . . September 12, 2017 . February 12, 2018.
  301. Book: Clinton, Hillary. Hillary Clinton. What Happened. 978-1-5011-7556-5. 2017. Simon & Schuster. New York City. 221-223.
  302. Web site: Study: Hillary Clinton's emails got as much front-page coverage in 6 days as policy did in 69 . Jen . Kirby . . December 7, 2017 . May 23, 2024.
  303. Web site: How Republicans Are Trying to Use the Green Party to Their Advantage . Maggie . Haberman . Maggie Haberman . Danny . Hakim . Nick . Corasantini . . September 22, 2020 . May 23, 2024.

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