Hilda Dallas Explained

Birth Name:Hilda Mary Dallas
Birth Date:6 February 1878
Birth Place:Empire of Japan
Death Date:1958
Education:Slade School of Art
Occupation:artist, suffragette organiser, pacifist drama producer
Organization:Women's Social and Political Union
Known For:posters for Votes for Women newspaper and anti-war drama production
Movement:Suffrage Atelier
Relatives:Irene Dallas (sister)

Hilda Mary Dallas (1878–1958) was a British artist and a suffragette who designed suffrage posters and cards and took a leadership role for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). A pacifist, she raised funds from a cross-section of society, produced and designed set & costumes for the 1929 Court Theatre production of the anti-war satirical play The Rumour.

Early life and education

Hilda Mary Dallas[1] was born in what was then the Empire of Japan on 6 February 1878, as her father Charles Dallas was teaching English there. She had a sister Irene born in 1883, and either Hilda or the family returned to Britain before 1901/2, when Hilda Dallas became a student at the Slade School of Fine Art, London. Her works were exhibited with the Allied Artists Association and the Society of Women Artists.[2] Dallas joined the Suffrage Atelier, a group of artists using visual art for supporting the women's suffrage movement.[3]

Suffragette activism

Her sister Irene Dallas was arrested with a WPSU protest group approaching the Prime Minister to ask for action on votes for women. Hilda Dallas was then seen encouraging others to join another Women's Social and Political Union protest on 30 June 1908, in a poster parade outside the House of Commons, with Dorothy Radcliffe, Charlotte Marsh and Dora Spong and selling the W.S.P.U. newspaper Votes for Women.[4]

She financially supported the work of W.S.P.U. fundraising in 1908/9.[5] [6] Dallas became the organiser for WSPU South St. Pancras branch, London. Dallas was seen with a megaphone and suffragettes Mrs May, Maud Joachim, Miss Harriett Ker disrupting the Oxford Cambridge Boat Race.[7] In 1909, she designed a new publicity poster of a woman holding high the WSPU newspaper, ‘Votes for Women,’ with the price (one pence 1d) and the words Wanted Everywhere.[8] This had been commissioned after her previous poster (from 1903) with the words Read Our Paper', was used for launching street selling of the paper, and was described in it as a 'charming advertisement’;[9] and credited with increasing the sales in Brighton.[10] At the height of the campaign, 40,000 copies were selling (weekly) across the country.

A century after (some) women were enfranchised, the 1903 image was used on the cover of a book by Elizabeth Crawford (2018) on Art and Suffrage: A Biographical Dictionary of Suffrage Artists.[11] The 1908 design was described in 2018 as 'an optimistic vision of equality' in the last century of graphic design by women.[12]

The wording Wanted Everywhere' poster was used for the self-acclaimed ‘greatest political weekly of the moment’ for the WSPU summer holiday initiative of 1912. The slogan can mean the newspaper is 'wanted' or that women's right to vote is desired (or desirable) in ‘every corner of the British Isles’. The new design was expected by the campaign organisers to be welcomed by holiday cottage tenants or newsagents to show support for the cause and put on display. Bulk discount was offered.[13] One activist, Miss Harman reported it was already on display at Woodbridge railway station shop when she went to distribute the papers.[14]

Like the posters, Dallas's 1909 Christmas card graphic designs were in the WSPU colours (green, white and purple), and (with two other cards) were expected to raise £100 at the WPSU shops that Christmas (priced at 3d; this would require sales of 8000 cards). The shops had seasonal window displays of WSPU gifts, cards and literature. The Kilburn High Road shop had a doll dressed as per Hilda Dallas's poster, carrying a copy of the poster on its shoulders. It attracted in a young girl, offering up 2 pence to see the ‘suffragettes’, to be told that looking is 'free of charge'.[15] By January 1910, Dallas was again taking up a more direct role in the suffrage campaign, organising the General Election W.S.P.U. offices in Newman Street, Westminster, from where ‘hit squads’ of suffragettes were posted to different constituencies, and asked to hire premises and to co-ordinate the local ‘Keep the Liberal Out’ campaign, a position taken by WSPU as the Liberal government had failed to enfranchise women.[16]

In the 1911 Census, neither Hilda Dallas nor her sister Irene, were recorded at their home in 35 St. George's Mansions, Red Lion Square nor at any other address, so were amongst the census resisters (who argued that if women were not considered as 'citizens' to vote, they should not be counted in the population census).[17] For Christmas 1911, a design by Dallas for a WSPU Christmas card has a purple Father Christmas holding a Votes for Women postcard.[18] In 1912, after a split in the WSPU's leadership, The Suffragette became their weekly publication, and a poster image was designed by Dallas including a Joan of Arc like figure with the word 'Justice' on her tabard, wearing armour and holding a sword and a WSPU pennant.[19] The saint was used as an iconic image in the women's suffrage campaigns - a 'militant woman's ideal'. The design was also made into a silver enamel brooch.[20] This poster is on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.[21]

On Christmas Day 1913, Hilda Dallas went with her sister Irene, and eleven other suffrage activist as guests to Paris to dine with Christabel Pankhurst, in the fashionable Restaurant Mollard, designed by Édouard Niermans,[22] and they ended by singing The March of the Women.[23] Dallas's drawing ‘To Buckingham Palace’ in WSPU colours (on sale by antique book dealer) [24] was a drawing of the deputation of suffragettes to Buckingham Palace on 21 May 1914. The image was used on a flyer to attract support ‘to demand votes for women, to protest against torture, to claim equal treatment for militant Ulster men and militant suffragists.‘ WPSU was asking attendees to ensure there was no police violence against the women demanding access to the Palace (despite the formal denial of an audience with King George V). The aim was to ensure enough attendance to prevent a repeat of Black Friday when WSPU leader Mrs Pankhurst was manhandled, and many women injured.[25] Despite this appeal, the protest also had Mrs Pankhurst being physically carried from the scene by police. Mrs Pankhurst called off WSPU militancy in support of the war effort and for an amnesty of prisoners.[26]

During World War One Dallas became a pacifist.

Dallas and her sister Irene, joined the Christian Scientists, and were registered as such at 77 Edith Road, Barons Court, London on 29 September 1939 at the start of World War Two.[27] The sisters lived together until Hilda Dallas's death in 1958.

Sponsor of anti-war drama production

Dallas became the prime mover in raising funds of £5,000 for a production of C.K.Munro's anti-war play ‘The Rumour’ to be performed in 1929 at the Court Theatre. Production, design and costumes were by Dallas and the reviewers told of her drive and commitment, and the strength of the pacifist message through Munro's satirical drama:

Reviews

An image of part of Dallas's set design[37] and costumes are in the Victoria and Albert Museum

Denton Welch

Hilda Dallas and her sister had known the author and artist Denton Welch since he was a child, and they remained close throughout Welch's short life. Hilda Dallas appears (as 'Clare') in Welch's unfinished, posthumously-published autobiographical novel A Voice Through a Cloud (1952).

See also

External images

Notes and References

  1. Web site: DALLAS Hilda 1878-1958 Artist Biographies. 2021-06-02. www.artbiogs.co.uk.
  2. Web site: 2017. Mapping Women's Suffrage 1911, a snapshot in time - Hilda Dallas. 23 May 2021. Mapping Women's Suffrage. Quotes Source: Elizabeth Crawford, Art and Suffrage: A Biographical Dictionary of Suffrage Artists (Francis Boutle, 2018) ISBN 9781999903732..
  3. Web site: 1914. The Suffragette 1d Weekly. 24 May 2021. sharinghistory.museumwnf.org.
  4. Web site: June 1908. Poster parade of Suffragettes. 2021-05-23. collections.museumoflondon.org.uk. 50.82/1762.
  5. News: 3 December 1908. Contributions to the £50,000 Fund. 174. Votes for Women.
  6. News: 1 October 1909. Contributions to the £50,000 fund. 9. Votes for Women.
  7. Web site: The Women's Library Collection. LSE. 13 November 2017.
  8. Web site: Dallas. Hilda. 1909. A poster advertising weekly suffragette newspaper Votes for Women 1909. 2021-05-23. Museum of London. en. 50.82/1110.
  9. News: 29 October 1909. Carrying Out Mrs. Pankhurst's Wish – A First Attempt at Street Selling. 73. Votes for Women.
  10. News: 12 November 1909. Local Notes – Brighton W.S.P.U. 110. Votes for Women.
  11. Book: Crawford, Elizabeth. Art and suffrage : a biographical dictionary of suffrage artists. 2018. 978-1-9999037-3-2. London. 1019749534.
  12. Web site: The Influence of Women on Graphic Design Over the Last 100 Years - Suffrage Era and Protest Art. 2021-05-23. Design & Illustration Envato Tuts+. 8 March 2018 .
  13. News: 12 July 1912. "Votes for Women" Holiday Campaign. 670. Votes for Women.
  14. News: 2 August 1912. "Votes for Women" Holiday Campaign. 720. Votes for Women.
  15. News: 10 December 1909. Xmas Gifts at the W.S.P.U. shops. 170. Votes for Women.
  16. Web site: 1910. Suffragettes campaigning during the General Election. 2021-05-23. collections.museumoflondon.org.uk. 50.82/1563.
  17. Book: Liddington, Jill. Vanishing for the vote. 2014-01-01. Manchester University Press. 978-0-7190-8748-6. 250. 10.7228/manchester/9780719087486.001.0001.
  18. Web site: Dallas. Hilda. 1911. A Merry Christmas, 1911. 2021-05-23. collections.museumoflondon.org.uk. 50.82/853.
  19. Web site: Dallas. Hilda. 1912. The Suffragette. 2021-05-23. collections.museumoflondon.org.uk. NN23761.
  20. Web site: Watson. Anna. 11 January 2018. Private Collection - Stock Photo - A silver enamel brooch in the green & violet colours of the women's suffrage or suffragette movement with Joan of Arc holding a WSPU banner. 2021-05-23. Alamy. en.
  21. Web site: Museum. Victoria and Albert. The Suffragette 1d Weekly Dallas, Hilda V&A Explore The Collections. 2021-05-23. Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections. en.
  22. Web site: Brasserie Mollard. Paris Official Website of the Convention and Visitors Bureau.
  23. Book: Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. 2003-09-02. Routledge. 978-1-135-43402-1. 496. en.
  24. Book: Women in Literature Catalogue 791. 1914. Pickering and Chatto (books sales list) - Original David Allen & Sons Ltd. London. Item 69. book sale price £750.
  25. Book: Robinson, Jane. Hearts and minds : the untold story of the great pilgrimage and how women won the vote. 2018. 978-0-85752-391-4. London. 109–110. 987905510.
  26. Book: Purvis, June. Emmeline Pankhurst : a biography. 2002. Routledge. 0-203-35852-X. London. 270. 56520147.
  27. Web site: 29 September 1939. 1939 Register. 29 May 2021. National Archives.
  28. News: 1 March 1929. A Peace Play. 26. The Woman's Leader.
  29. News: P.. A.M.. 8 March 1929. At the Royal Court Theatre. 153. The Woman Teacher. 23 May 2021.
  30. News: Grien. J.T.. 6 March 1929. Criticisms in Cameo "The Rumour" at the Court.. 458. The Sketch.
  31. News: 1 March 1929. Romance of Peace Play – How 'The Rumour' Came to be Financed - £4,500 Raised – "War Scare to Exploit a Rich Country. 1. The Daily Herald.
  32. News: E. M. 22 February 1929. The Play That All Should See - A Satire on Big Money's Ways of Starting Wars. 5. The Daily Herald.
  33. News: 7 April 1929. Women Save Play – Last Minute Rescue for Anti-War Lesson. Sunday Dispatch.
  34. News: 4 June 1929. Women's Sacrifice – Staging a Play – Anti-war Drama. Lake Wakatip Mail.
  35. News: 1 March 1929. "The Rumour", Court Theatre - Woman's Success in Production and Design. 70. The Vote.
  36. Web site: Pollack. Rhoda-Gale. 27 March 2016. World War One Plays, Playwrights and Productions - C.K.Munro's 'The Rumour'.
  37. Web site: Set Design ca 1929. 6 October 2023 .

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