| Country: | ISR |
| Type: | Dual |
| Image Notes: | Rosh HaAyin North Interchange |
| Map Custom: | yes |
| Route: | 5 |
| Alternate Name: | Trans-Samaria Highway Hebrew: כביש חוצה שומרון |
| Length Km: | 37 |
| Direction A: | West |
| Terminus A: | West Glilot Interchange |
| Cities: | Ramat HaSharon, Hod HaSharon, Petah Tikva, Rosh HaAyin, |
| Direction B: | East |
| Terminus B: | Ariel Junction |
| Junction: |
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| Previous Route: | 4 |
| Previous Type: | Hwy |
| Next Route: | 6 |
| Next Type: | Fwy |
Highway 5 or the Trans-Samaria Highway (Hebrew: כביש חוצה שומרון, Kvish Hotze Shomron), is one of Israel's main highways, connecting the Mediterranean coast immediately north of Tel Aviv with the central Sharon plain and eastwards to Ariel and other Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank.
The name Highway 5 is commonly used to describe the section of the highway running from the road's western end at the Glilot Interchange until it reaches the main entrance of Ariel. In this capacity it intersects and creates a connection between four important arterial freeways in the northern Tel Aviv area: The Coastal Highway (Highway 2), the Ayalon Highway (Highway 20), Geha Highway (Highway 4) and the Cross-Israel Highway (Highway 6).[1]
An alternate name for the entire highway is Kvish Hotze Shomron meaning the Trans-Samaria Highway though often this name is used when referring specifically to the section of the road in the West Bank, i.e., past the Green Line, where it continues east towards the Jordan Valley in the West Bank. This section from the Green Line to its eastern end has also been dedicated as "Derekh Haim" (Haim's Road, but also "Way of Life") after the late Haim Landau, a former Israeli Minister of Transportation.
Highway 5 initially reached Rosh HaAyin located inside of the green line, and served mainly the densely populated Gush Dan metropolitan area. In the West Bank, the main road was still the old Road 505, which, since the events of the Second Intifada in 2000, has been partially closed to Jewish transportation.[2] In the beginning of the 1990s, with the growth of Ariel and the settlements around it, arose the need for a more modern and wider road, than the single-lane low-quality Road 505. Therefore, Highway 5 was extended some to the east of the Green Line, ending almost within sight of Ariel and serving the largest block of the Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank, counting about 50,000 people, as well as the Barkan Industrial Park. At the time, this section of Highway 5 was one of the biggest infrastructure projects that Israel had undertaken in the West Bank.[3] [4] As of 2017 the road terminates at a roundabout at the Ariel junction where it merges into Road 505 which continues east past Ariel until Petza'el, which is located on Route 90, the north–south road parallel to the Israel-Jordan border in the Jordan Valley.
The western section of the highway consists of between 3 and 5 lanes in each direction, which reduces in number as the highway heads eastward. As of 2017, the westward section surrounding Gush Dan is one of the most congested in Israel.[5] [6]
Highway 531, is a freeway which parallels Highway 5 and runs approximately to the north, was opened in 2017, and also contains a rail system. A toll fast lane project is planned along Highway 5.[6]