Higher education in West Bengal explained

The Indian state of West Bengal is the site of India's first modern university. Thirty-three universities are listed in the state by the University Grants Commission.[1]

In West Bengal the medium of instruction in colleges and universities is usually Bengali or English. Diploma, certificate courses, advanced diploma program, postgraduate courses and doctoral programs are offered. Research programs offered by the universities are conducted with the aid of specialised institutes.

History

Early years

Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Western models of education came to India through this city. Many of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists. Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for promoting oriental studies. People like Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ashutosh Mukherjee and William Carey played a leading role in the setting up of modern schools and colleges in the city. The Fort William College was established in 1800. The Hindu College was established in 1817, renamed the Presidency College in 1855.[2]

William Carey established the Serampore College in the city of Serampore in 1818. It went on to become India's first modern university in 1827 when it was incorporated by a Royal Charter as a Danish University. The Sanskrit College was established in 1824. Reverend Alexander Duff of the Church of Scotland established the General Assembly's Institution in 1830 and later the Free Church Institution in 1844, which were later merged to form what is now known as the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. These institutions played a significant role in what came to be known as the Young Bengal Movement and the Bengal Renaissance. La Martiniere Calcutta was established in 1836.

The oldest medical school in Asia, the Calcutta Medical College was set up in 1835. In 1857, the University of Calcutta was established as the first full-fledged multi-disciplinary university in south Asia. It was modelled on the lines of the University of London. Today it is amongst the largest multidisciplinary universities of India and offers some of the widest number of academic disciplines for study.

John Bethune established a school for Indian girls in 1850 at a time when women's education was frowned upon in the society. The Bethune College for girls was set up by him in 1879.[3]

In 1856 technical and engineering education came with the establishment of a civil engineering college / department. This setup went through various reorganisations to finally become the Bengal Engineering College in 1921. The Jesuit administered St Xavier's College was established in 1860. Bengal Engineering and Science University is the second oldest engineering institutes in the country and it was started in the year 1864. They offer the following programs such as B.E, M.E, MCA, MBA, MSC, B. Arch. and Ph.D. programs. Apart from this they also provide part-time courses in the evening for the professionals.[4]

The nation's first homoeopathy college was established in the city in 1880. In 1883 Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu became the first women graduates from the University of Calcutta. In the process, they became the first female graduates of the British Empire. Kadambini went on to become the first female physician trained in the Western system of medicine in South Asia.

20th century

In 1906, the partition of Bengal led to widespread nationalistic and anti-British feelings.[5] This led to the setting up of the National Council of Education, Bengal. The Science College was established in 1917. The first blind school came into being in 1925.

After independence, Calcutta continued to be in the forefront of the educational scene. The Government College of Art & Craft was established in 1951. The National Council of Education became the Jadavpur University in 1955. The Rabindra Bharati University was established in 1962. This university offers courses in the fine and performing arts. The Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management was set up in 1953 as the country's first management institute and is also the first in the country to offer an MBA degree of a university. The first, Indian Institute of Technology was set up at Kharagpur about from Calcutta. In 1960 the Regional Engineering college (presently National Institute of Technology) at Durgapur was set up. It is amongst the top NITs in India and also among the oldest. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the first among the Indian Institutes of Management, was set up in 1961 at Joka. It was the first national institute for post-graduate studies and research in management sciences. It was established with the help of the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Ford Foundation.

Institutes with national or special status

Institutes and universities with particular special status or funding arrangements include: Institutes of Eminence (IoE), Institutes of National Importance (INI); central universities, Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTI); and the deemed universities. Types with specialist functions include research institutes and universities with national recognition for their field of education.

Universities, state and private

Universities in India may be public or private. Other than the central universitiesof which there is one in West Bengalpublic universities are funded by the state government. Non-government universities are privately funded. Public state universities are listed in the first table shown below, with private universities in a separate second table below that.

Medical and dental colleges

Medical

There are several types of medical colleges in West Bengal with funding from different sources. Of the thirty-three listed below, nine are privately funded, and twenty-three are state government-funded. One is centrally-funded and -administered by the Indian Ministry of Labour and Employment through the autonomous Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). The West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) is the affiliating university with jurisdiction for medical colleges in the state.

Dental

AYUSH institutions

AYUSH institutions provide training in alternative medicine and traditional health care systems of South Asia (ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and homeopathy). These systems are governed in India by the ministry of Ayush.

Homeopathic

Ayurvedic

Government Funded:

  1. J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital
  2. Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research.
  3. Vishwanath Ayurved Mahavidyalaya & Hospital

Privately Funded:

  1. Rajib Gandhi Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital.
  2. Raghunath Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and Hospital.

Unani

Sowa-Rigpa

Engineering colleges

Government degree colleges

Government general degree colleges (GGDC) are public educational institutes set up and administered under the University Grants Commission (UGC). State or union governments manage them, but the colleges are affiliated to a university for their course structure.

General colleges affiliated with universities

With Burdwan University

With University of Calcutta

With University of Kalyani

With Kazi Nazrul University

With Bankura University

With Vidyasagar University

With West Bengal State University

List of colleges by districts

Alipurduar

Bankura

Birbhum

Cooch Behar

In Cooch Behar:

Dakshin Dinajpur

Darjeeling

Within Darjeeling:

Hooghly

Howrah

In Howrah:

Jalpaiguri

In Jalpaiguri:

Jhargram

Kalimpong

Kolkata

Malda

Murshidabad

Nadia district

Located in Nadia district:

North 24 Parganas

Located within North 24 Parganas:

Paschim Bardhaman

Pashim Medinipur

Purba Bardhaman

Purba Medinipur

Purulia

South 24 Parganas

Uttar Dinajpur

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Universities & Colleges . 3 August 2015 . 13 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170913232358/http://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=35&Unitype=2 . live .
  2. Web site: Welcome to Presidency University. presiuniv.ac.in. 13 December 2011. Presidency University, Kolkata. 27 December 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111227055201/http://presiuniv.ac.in/. live.
  3. Web site: Bethune College. bethuneadmissions.ac.in. 17 October 2021. 7 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111107210747/http://www.bethuneadmissions.ac.in/. live.
  4. Web site: Universities in West Bengal . 3 August 2015 . Best College Hunt . 27 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150727025201/http://www.bestcollegehunt.com/universities/west-bengal/ . live .
  5. Encyclopædia Britannica, "Partition of Bengal" http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60754/partition-of-Bengal
  6. Web site: IIM Calcutta . iimcal.ac.in . 25 July 2015 . 11 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150711233216/https://www.iimcal.ac.in/ . live .
  7. Web site: IISER Kolkata . iiserkol.ac.in . 25 July 2015 . 25 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150725185520/https://www.iiserkol.ac.in/ . live .
  8. Web site: ISI Kolkata . isical.ac.in/ . 25 July 2015 . 24 August 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070824050728/http://www.isical.ac.in/ . live .
  9. Web site: IIT Kharagpur . iitkgp.ac.in . 2 April 2015 . 7 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007064025/http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/ . live .
  10. Web site: IIEST Shibpur . iiests.ac.in . 7 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120207114639/http://www.becs.ac.in/ . 7 February 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
  11. Web site: IIIT Kalyani . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173408/http://http/ . 19 May 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  12. Web site: NIT Durgapur . nitdgp.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . 10 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190910125938/https://nitdgp.ac.in/ . live .
  13. Web site: NIPER Kolkata . niperkolkata.edu.in . 14 July 2019 . 14 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190714043049/http://www.niperkolkata.edu.in/ . live .
  14. Web site: AIIMS Kalyani . aiimskalyani.edu.in . 25 Oct 2020 . 25 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025140838/http://aiimskalyani.edu.in/ . live .
  15. Web site: Visva-Bharati University . visva-bharati.ac.in . 3 April 2012 . 4 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190804013052/http://www.visva-bharati.ac.in/ . live .
  16. Web site: 1 Nov 2010 . About The Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240704205935/https://www.gkciet.ac.in/about . 4 Jul 2024 . 1 Nov 2010 . www.gkciet.ac.in.
  17. Web site: Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science . iacs.res.in . 18 October 2018 . 21 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721042621/http://www.iacs.res.in/ips/ . live .
  18. Web site: Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University . www.rkmvu.ac.in . 3 April 2012 . 11 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120411114746/http://www.rkmvu.ac.in/ . live .
  19. Web site: NITTTR. National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research .
  20. Web site: AIIHPH Kolkata . aiihph.gov.in . 9 April 2021 . 22 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210422230921/http://aiihph.gov.in/ . live .
  21. Web site: SNBNCBS Kolkata . bose.res.in . 29 March 2021 . 6 March 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100306024649/http://bose.res.in/ . live .
  22. Web site: SINP Kolkata . saha.ac.in . 29 March 2021 . 16 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191116153157/http://www.saha.ac.in/ . live .
  23. Web site: Bose Institute . jcbose.ac.in . 29 March 2021 . 14 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210414013821/http://jcbose.ac.in/ . live .
  24. Web site: VECC Kolkata . vecc.gov.in . 29 March 2021 . 20 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130120012813/http://www.vecc.gov.in/ . live .
  25. Web site: IICB Kolkata . iicb.res.in . 29 March 2021 . 9 February 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20030209104746/http://www.iicb.res.in/ . live .
  26. Web site: 1 Jan 1999 . Indian Centre for Space Physics . https://web.archive.org/web/20220905122711/https://www.csp.res.in/index.php?name=RUFVKzdzNEVxenJudW5rcXRYQTREUT09OjoxMjM0NTY3ODkxMjM0NTY3 . 5 September 2022 . 5 September 2022.
  27. Web site: ICAR-CGCRI Kolkata . cgcri.res.in . 29 March 2021 . 17 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210417110043/https://www.cgcri.res.in/ . live .
  28. Web site: CIFRI Barrackpore . cifri.res.in . 9 April 2021 . 13 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413013139/http://cifri.res.in/ . live .
  29. Web site: CMERI Durgapur . cmeri.res.in . 9 April 2021 . 15 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210415103156/https://www.cmeri.res.in/ . live .
  30. Web site: ICAR-CRIJAF . crijaf.icar.gov.in . 9 April 2021 . 24 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210224055609/https://crijaf.icar.gov.in/ . live .
  31. Web site: CSRTIBER Berhampore . csrtiber.res.in . 9 April 2021 . 17 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210417145646/http://csrtiber.res.in/ . live .
  32. Web site: NIBG Kalyani . nibmg.ac.in . 29 March 2021 . 3 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210303212302/https://www.nibmg.ac.in/ . live .
  33. Web site: ICMR-NICED Kolkata . niced.org.in . 9 April 2021 . 21 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421145113/http://niced.org.in/ . live .
  34. Web site: ICAR-NIRJAFT Kolkata . nirjaft.res.in . 9 April 2021 . 9 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100909143328/http://www.nirjaft.res.in/ . live .
  35. Web site: West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences . www.nujs.edu . 28 February 2012 . 14 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120214134453/http://www.nujs.edu/nujs.html . live .
  36. Web site: Aliah University, Kolkata . aliah.ac.in . 27 February 2012 . 7 January 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100107002624/http://www.aliah.ac.in/ . live .
  37. Web site: Alipurduar University, Alipurduar . alipurduarcollege.ac.in . 6 January 2021 . 9 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210109144710/https://alipurduarcollege.ac.in/ . live .
  38. Web site: West Bengal University of Teachers' Training, Education Planning and Administration . 4 July 2017 . 8 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708233436/https://www.wbuttepa.ac.in/ . live .
  39. Web site: Bankura University . bankurauniv.ac.in . 7 August 2015 . 31 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150731012345/http://www.bankurauniv.ac.in/ . live .
  40. Web site: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya . www.bckv.edu.in . 27 February 2012 . 16 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141216110541/http://bckv.edu.in/ . live .
  41. Web site: Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay. biswabanglabiswabidyalay.org. 25 January 2021. 30 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210130013739/https://biswabanglabiswabidyalay.org/. live.
  42. Web site: University of Burdwan . buruniv.ac.in . 27 February 2012 . 2 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302124411/http://www.buruniv.ac.in/ . live .
  43. Web site: Calcutta University . caluniv.ac.in . 27 February 2012 . 11 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200311113915/https://www.caluniv.ac.in/ . live .
  44. Web site: Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University . cbpbu.ac.in . 7 August 2015 . 14 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170814143517/http://www.cbpbu.ac.in/ . live .
  45. Web site: Dakshin Dinajpur University Gazette notification . 3 March 2021 . 15 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210515213431/https://banglaruchchashiksha.wb.gov.in/uploads/webmaster/49457eac7776419b43ac74b47ceb6f6c.PDF . live .
  46. Web site: Darjeeling Hills University. 7 September 2022.
  47. Web site: Diamond Harbour Women's University . dhwu.ac.in . 7 August 2015 . 30 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150730042859/http://dhwu.ac.in/ . live .
  48. Web site: Gaur Banga University . ugb.ac.in . 27 February 2012 . 18 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140418233706/http://www.ugb.ac.in/ . live .
  49. Web site: Harichand Gurcuchand University Act . 17 February 2021 . 27 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210627114625/https://wbhed.gov.in/readwrite/uploads/The_Harichand_Guruchand_University_Act_2018.pdf . live .
  50. Web site: Jadavpur University . jaduniv.edu.in . 27 February 2012 . 26 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100926092615/http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/ . live .
  51. Web site: Kalyani University . klyuniv.ac.in . 27 February 2012 . 25 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120225084319/http://www.klyuniv.ac.in/ . live .
  52. Web site: Kanyashree University . kanyashreeuniversity.in . 15 November 2020 . 17 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201117105147/http://kanyashreeuniversity.in/ . live .
  53. Web site: Kazi Nazrul University . knu.ac.in . 16 August 2012 . 28 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160528135458/http://www.knu.ac.in/ . live .
  54. Web site: Mahatma Gandhi University . mguwb.org.in/ . 7 January 2021 . 30 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130145635/http://www.mguwb.org.in/ . live .
  55. Web site: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology . www.wbut.net . 28 February 2012 . 11 December 2002 . https://web.archive.org/web/20021211143529/http://www.wbut.net/main/office.asp . live .
  56. Web site: Murshidabad University. mu.org.in/. 3 June 2021. 3 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603160235/http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/education-bengal-murshidabad-university/2330545.html. live.
  57. Web site: Netaji Subhas Open University . www.wbnsou.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110515125120/http://www.wbnsou.ac.in:8080/wbnsou/ . 15 May 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  58. Web site: North Bengal University . nbu.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . 12 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120312081121/http://www.nbu.ac.in/ . live .
  59. Web site: Presidency University . www.presiuniv.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120224182440/http://www.presiuniv.ac.in/presidency/apply/webabout_unibersity.php . 24 February 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
  60. Web site: Rabindra Bharati University . www.rbu.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . 11 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131111060633/http://rbu.ac.in/museum/about_rb/index.htm . live .
  61. Web site: Raiganj University . 4 July 2017 . 19 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170719072104/http://raiganjuniversity.ac.in/ . live .
  62. Web site: Rani Rashmoni Green University . 15 November 2020 . 19 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210319055324/http://rrgu.org/ . live .
  63. Web site: Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University. 12 July 2021. 12 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210712014750/http://srcmuj.org/. live.
  64. Web site: Senate of Serampore College (University) . www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in . 1 November 2016 . 2 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161102100312/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/ . live .
  65. Web site: Sidho Kanho Birsha University . www.skbu.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120304005512/http://skbu.ac.in/university_history.php . 4 March 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
  66. Web site: The Sanskrit College and University. 4 July 2017. 2 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170702072137/http://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in/. live.
  67. Web site: Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. 4 July 2017. 7 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707220748/http://www.ubkv.ac.in/. live.
  68. Web site: Vidyasagar University . vidyasagar.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110806194411/http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/about_us/theuniversity.html . 6 August 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  69. Web site: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology) . wbut.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . 27 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120227030810/http://www.wbsub.org/ . live .
  70. Web site: West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences . wbuafscl.ac.in . 28 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721151138/http://wbuafscl.ac.in/aboutus.htm . 21 July 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  71. Web site: West Bengal University of Health Sciences . thewbuhs.in . 28 February 2012 . 18 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110618073309/http://www.thewbuhs.in/ . live .
  72. Web site: Adamas University . adamasuniversity.ac.in . 7 August 2015 . 22 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150822093121/http://adamasuniversity.ac.in/ . live .
  73. Web site: Amity University, Kolkata . www.amity.edu/kolkata/ . 8 Feb 2019 . 11 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190211000321/http://www.amity.edu/kolkata/ . live .
  74. Web site: Brainware University . brainware-india.com . 14 December 2015 . 16 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180916162552/http://brainware-india.com/ . live .
  75. Web site: International Management Institute, Kolkata . 28 February 2012 . 2 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302101332/http://imi-k.edu.in/ . live .
  76. Web site: Jis University . jisuniversity.ac.in . 9 July 2017 . 4 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170704125422/http://jisuniversity.ac.in/ . live .
  77. Web site: The Neotia University . www.tnu.in . 7 August 2015 . 18 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084303/http://www.tnu.in/ . live .
  78. Web site: Seacom Skills University . www.seacomskillsuniversity.org . 13 August 2015 . 19 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170619171227/http://seacomskillsuniversity.org/ . live .
  79. Web site: Sister Nivedita University . snuniv.ac.in . 11 July 2017 . 27 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180327054312/http://snuniv.ac.in/ . live .
  80. Web site: Seacom St. Xavier's University, Kolkata . St. Xavier's University, Kolkata . 4 July 2017 . 5 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073418/http://www.sxuk.in/ . live .
  81. Web site: Swami Vivekananda University . swamivivekanandauniversity.ac.in . 15 November 2020 . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124123528/https://www.swamivivekanandauniversity.ac.in/ . live .
  82. Web site: Techno India University . technoindiauniversity.com . 27 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120816231405/http://www.technoindiauniversity.com/ . 16 August 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
  83. Web site: Welcome to UEM KOLKATA . uem.edu.in . 22 October 2016 . 15 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161015030126/http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/ . live .
  84. Web site: Welcome . . 13 April 2018 . 12 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180412133730/http://bsmedicalcollege.org.in/ . live .
  85. Web site: Burdwan Medical College . 13 April 2018 . 18 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180418100208/http://burdwanmedicalcollege.org/ . live .
  86. Web site: Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital . 16 April 2020 . 13 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213163641/http://gimsh.in/about-us . live .
  87. Web site: Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital . 7 December 2019 . 25 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191125103811/http://www.jimsh.org/ . live .
  88. Web site: Santiniketan Medical College. 27 December 2021. 3 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220103062622/https://www.smcbangla.com/. live.
  89. Web site: Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital . 7 December 2019 . 7 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207165120/https://srims.setgoi.ac.in/ . live .
  90. Web site: About CTMI .
  91. Web site: AGEMC . 2023-09-03 . agemc.ac.in.
  92. Web site: A.c. College -Jalpaiguri . 3 August 2015 . 13 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120313020341/http://www.accollege.org/ . dead .
  93. Web site: Welcome to Maynaguri College . Maynaguricollege.org.in . 2012-09-25 . 2 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150702170459/http://maynaguricollege.org.in/ . live .
  94. Web site: Brainware Engineering College – Great Futures Begin Here. www.brainwaretechnologies.org. 17 October 2021. 17 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211017154617/http://www.brainwaretechnologies.org/. live.
  95. Web site: VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE – Official Website. 2021-08-21. www.vckolkata63.org. 21 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821144826/https://www.vckolkata63.org/. live.