AVE explained

AVE
Nameforarea:	station
Fleet:	22 S-100^[1] 16 S-102^[2] 26 S-103^[3] 20 S-106^[4] 25 S-112^[5]
Stations:	52
Length:	3966km (2,464miles)^[6]
Website:	https://www.renfe.com
Gauge:	Standard (1435 mm)
El:	25 kV AC (some sections on 3 kV DC network)

Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.

The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.

In addition to Renfe's use of the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.^[7]

Spanish; Castilian: Alta Velocidad Española translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word Spanish; Castilian: ave, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to .^{[8] [9]}

Services

Renfe offers the following AVE services:^[10]

• Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia.
• Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora.
• Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera.
• Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera.
• Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela.
• Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto.
• Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime).
• Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba
• Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela.
• Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
• Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops).
• Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo.
• Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta.
• Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia.
• Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia).
• Madrid–Ourense via Zamora.
• Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled).
• Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago De Compostela and Pontevedra.
• Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Valencia–León via via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
• Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba.
• International:^[11]
  • Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence.
  • Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence.

The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–Asturias, Madrid–Burgos, Madrid–Galicia, Madrid–Alicante and Madrid-Murcia lines, that terminate at Chamartín station.^{[12] [13]}

Trains

Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service:

• S-100, manufactured by Alstom
• S-102, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier
• S-103, manufactured by Siemens, marketed globally under the brand Siemens Velaro
• S-106, manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL.
• S-112, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier

Passenger usage

The still-growing network transported a record 21.3 million passengers in 2018.^[14] Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

+AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2023^[15] ^[16]
						2006	2007	2008	2009
							4.878	5.559	11.461	11.250
2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
	10.851	12.563	12.101	14.697	17.967	19.428	20.352	21.108	21.332	22.370
2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029
	7.603	12,282	23,562	31,784

Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe

• Rail transport in Spain
• High-speed rail in Spain
• High-speed rail in Europe
• Train categories in Europe

External links

• AVE (Renfe)

Notes and References

1. Web site: S-100 . 18 June 2024 . Renfe.
2. Web site: S-102/112 . 18 June 2024 . Renfe.
3. Web site: S-103 . 18 June 2024 . Renfe.
4. Web site: Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia . 26 April 2024 . . es . 18 June 2024 .
5. Web site: Flota de trenes . 18 June 2024 . Renfe.
6. Web site: Red de Alta Velocidad. ADIF . 7 May 2023.
7. Web site: Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon. rtve.es. 13 July 2023.
8. News: Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2 . 18 October 2011 . . 9 November 2011 . London .
9. https://www.geotren.es/blog/velocidades-maximas-de-los-trenes-y-de-las-lineas/ "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas"
10. Web site: Renfe . 7 May 2023 . Renfe.
11. Web site: Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France . 21 June 2023. 21 August 2023 . Renfe.
12. Web site: Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor . 19 August 2022. 23 August 2022 . Renfe. es.
13. Web site: El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre . 12 December 2022. 20 December 2022 . Renfe.
14. Web site: El AVE suma su sexto récord anual al cerrar 2018 con 21,3 millones de viajeros, un 3,7%. 8 February 2019. 29 August 2019. Europa Press. es.
15. Railway Gazette International, https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article
16. Web site: Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022 . 2023-12-24 . Statista . en.