High Line Explained

High Line
Upright:	1.3
Image Alt:	View of the High Line aerial greenway in New York, looking south at 20th Street.
Type:	Elevated urban linear park; public park
Location:	Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Coords:	40.748°N -74.0047°W
Area:	A linear 1.45miles stretch of viaduct
Operator:	New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
Visitation Num:	8 million (2019)
Status:	Operating
Website:	www.thehighline.org
Publictransit:	New York City Subway 34th St–Hudson Yards at park's north end 14th Street–Eighth Avenue near park's south end New York City Bus: at various places

The High Line is a 1.45adj=midNaNadj=mid elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail created on a former New York Central Railroad spur on the west side of Manhattan in New York City. The High Line's design is a collaboration between James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Oudolf. The abandoned spur has been redesigned as a "living system" drawing from multiple disciplines which include landscape architecture, urban design, and ecology. The High Line was inspired by the 4.7km (02.9miles) long French: [[Coulée verte]] (tree-lined walkway), a similar project in Paris completed in 1993.

The park is built on an abandoned, southern viaduct section of the New York Central Railroad's West Side Line. Originating in the Meatpacking District, the park runs from Gansevoort Street—three blocks below 14th Street—through Chelsea to the northern edge of the West Side Yard on 34th Street near the Javits Center. The West Side Line formerly extended south to a railroad terminal at Spring Street, just north of Canal Street, and north to 35th Street at the site of the Javits Center. Due to a decline in rail traffic along the rest of the viaduct, it was effectively abandoned in 1980 when the construction of the Javits Center required the demolition of the viaduct's northernmost portion. The southern portion of the viaduct was demolished in segments during the late 20th century.

A nonprofit organization called Friends of the High Line was formed in 1999 by Joshua David and Robert Hammond, advocating its preservation and reuse as public open space, an elevated park or greenway. Celebrity New Yorkers joined in on fundraising and support for the concept. The administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans for a High Line park in 2003. Repurposing the railway into an urban park began in 2006 and opened in phases during 2009, 2011, and 2014. The Spur, an extension of the High Line that originally connected with the Morgan General Mail Facility at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, opened in 2019. The Moynihan Connector, extending east from the Spur to Moynihan Train Hall, opened in 2023.

Since opening in June 2009, the High Line has become an icon of American contemporary landscape architecture. The High Line's success has inspired cities throughout the United States to redevelop obsolete infrastructure as public space. The park became a tourist attraction and spurred real estate development in adjacent neighborhoods, increasing real-estate values and prices along the route. By September 2014, the park had nearly five million visitors annually, and by 2019, it had eight million visitors per year.

Description

The High Line extends for from Gansevoort Street to 34th Street. At 30th Street the elevated tracks turn west around the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project^[1] to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center on 34th Street. As proposed, the park was to be integrated with the Hudson Yards development and the Hudson Park and Boulevard.^[2] If Hudson Yards' Western Rail Yard is built, it will be elevated above the High Line Park, so an exit along the viaduct over the West Side Yard will lead to the Western Rail Yard. The 34th Street entrance is at grade, with wheelchair access.

The park is open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. in winter, until 10:00 p.m. the rest of the years. It can be reached through eleven entrances, five of which are accessible to people with disabilities. The wheelchair-accessible entrances, each with stairs and an elevator, are at Gansevoort, 14th, 16th, 23rd, and 30th Streets. Additional staircase-only entrances are located at 18th, 20th, 26th, and 28th Streets, and 11th Avenue. Street-level access is available at 34th Street via the Interim Walkway, which runs from 30th Street and 11th Avenue to 34th Street west of 11th Avenue.^[3]

Route

At the Gansevoort Street end (which runs north–south), the stub over Gansevoort Street is named the Tiffany and Co. Foundation Overlook and was dedicated in July 2012; the foundation was a major supporter of the park.^{[4] [5]} The southern terminus of the park also contains a small wooded area called the Gansevoort Woodland.^[6] The route then passes under The Standard, High Line hotel^[7] and through a passage at 14th Street. At 14th Street, the High Line splits into two sides at different elevations; the Diller-Von Furstenberg Water Feature (opened in 2010) is on the lower side, and a sundeck is on the upper side.^[8]

The route passes through the west edge of the Chelsea Market, a food hall, at 15th Street.^[9] A spur, connecting the viaduct to the National Biscuit Company building and closed to the public, splits off at 16th Street.^[10] The railroad tracks on the spur are left in situ but the trackbeds are planted with greenery. The Tenth Avenue Square, an amphitheater on the viaduct, is at 17th Street where the High Line crosses over Tenth Avenue from southeast to northwest.^[10] At the 23rd Street Lawn, visitors can rest.^[11] Between 25th and 26th Streets a ramp takes visitors above the viaduct, with a scenic overlook facing east at 26th Street. The Philip Falcone and Lisa Maria Falcone Flyover, named after two major donors to the park,^[10] was based on plans for a Phase 1 flyover which was never built.^[12]

The park then curves west to Phase 3 and merges into the Tenth Avenue Spur, which stretches over 30th Street to Tenth Avenue.^{[13] [14]} The Tenth Avenue Spur is composed of three parts: the Coach Passage, with 60adj=midNaNadj=mid ceilings; the High Line's largest planted garden; and a plaza with temporary art exhibitions that get replaced every 18 months.^[15] The art exhibition space is named the Plinth, an allusion to London's Fourth plinth, which also displays temporary art.^{[16] [17]} Phase 3 has another ramp taking visitors above the viaduct at 11th Avenue and a play area with rail ties and the Pershing Beams (modified, silicone-covered beams and stanchions coming out of the structure), a gathering space with benches, and a set of three railroad tracks where one can walk between the rails.^{[18] [19] [20]} The play area also has a seesaw-like bench and a "chime bench", with keys which make sounds when tapped.^[21] The Interim Walkway, from 11th Avenue and 30th Street to 34th Street divides the viaduct into two sides: a gravel walkway and an undeveloped section with rail tracks. The temporary walkway closed for renovation when the Tenth Avenue Spur was completed.^[22] The High Line turns north to a point just east of Twelfth Avenue. At 34th Street it curves east and descends, ending at street level midway between 12th and 11th Avenues.

The High Line Moynihan Connector, a walkway from the Tenth Avenue Spur to Moynihan Train Hall at Ninth Avenue, opened in June 2023.^{[23] [24]} The 1200feet spur runs east along 30th Street for one block to Dyer Avenue.^[25] The span above 30th Street uses a V-shaped structure called the Woodlands Bridge, which contains a 5-deepNaN-deep planting bed. The walkway then turns north to 31st Street across the Timber Bridge, a span shaped like a Warren truss.^[26] It terminates at a public space within Manhattan West that ends at the west side of Ninth Avenue, directly across from Moynihan Train Hall.^[27]

Landscape design

The landscape design was curated by Dutch landscape architect Piet Oudolf using natural landscaping techniques.^[28] includes sturdy meadow plants (such as clump-forming grasses, liatris, and coneflowers) and scattered stands of sumac and smokebush and is not limited to native plants. At the Gansevoort Street end, a grove of mixed species of birch provides shade by late afternoon.

The High Line viaduct had 161 species of plants before it was converted into a park; the modern park has about 400 species of plants, including grasses and trees.^[29] There are about 100,000 unique specimens of plants. Each species is selected based on their appearance,^[30] in addition to how well they survive throughout the year. The park has a team of 10 horticulturists, who trim and prune the plants throughout the year to prevent overgrowth. Throughout the park, the soil has an average depth of . The park uses sustainable landscaping and organic lawn management techniques to maintain the space. Native fauna documented in the park include 33 native bee species, butterflies including painted ladies, and migratory birds including warblers.

Attractions

The park's attractions include naturalized plantings, inspired by plants which grew on the disused tracks,^[31] and views of the city and the Hudson River. The pebble-dash concrete walkways swell and constrict, swing from side to side, and divide into concrete tines which meld the hardscape with plantings embedded in railroad-gravel mulch. "By opening the paving, we allow the plants to bleed through," said landscape architect James Corner, "almost as if the plants were colonizing the paved areas. There's a sort of blending or bleeding or suturing between the hard paving, the surface for people to stroll on, and the planting ... "^[32] Stretches of track and ties recall the High Line's former use, and portions of track are re-used for rolling lounges positioned for river views.^[33] The benches use Brazilian Ipê timber,^{[34] [35]} which came from a managed forest certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. According to James Corner Field Operations, the High Line's design "is characterized by an intimate choreography of movement."^[36]

The High Line also has cultural attractions as part of a long-term plan for the park to host temporary installations and performances. Creative Time, Friends of the High Line, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation commissioned The River That Flows Both Ways by Spencer Finch as the inaugural art installation. The work is integrated into the window bays of the former Nabisco factory loading dock as a series of 700 purple and gray glass panes. Each color is calibrated to match the center pixel of 700 digital pictures (one taken every minute) of the Hudson River, making up an extended portrait of the river. Creative Time worked with Finch to realize his site-specific concept after he saw the rusted, disused mullions of the old factory, with metal-and-glass specialists Jaroff Design helping to prepare and reinstall.^[37]

Artwork

A mid-2010 sound installation by Stephen Vitiello was composed from bells heard throughout New York. Lauren Ross, former director of the alternative art space White Columns, was the High Line's first curator.^[38] During the construction of the second phase (between 20th and 30th Streets) several artworks were installed, including Sarah Sze's Still Life with Landscape (Model for a Habitat): a steel-and-wood sculpture near 20th and 21st Streets built as a house for fauna such as birds and butterflies. Kim Beck's Space Available^[39] was installed on the roofs of three buildings visible from the southern end. Three 20by sculptures, resembling the armature of empty billboards and constructed like theater backdrops, looks three-dimensional from a distance.^{[40] [41]} Also installed during the second phase of construction was Julianne Swartz's Digital Empathy, a work utilizing audio messages at restrooms, elevators, and water fountains.^[42] Maine artist Charlie Hewitt's sculpture Urban Rattle was permanently installed in 2013.^[43]

In 2012 and 2013, the Ghanaian born Nigerian artist El Anatsui's large scale sculpture "Broken Bridge ll" (at the time his largest work to date) fashioned from recycled pressed tin and broken mirrors was positioned on a wall on the west side of the street between 21st and 22nd streets, facing and sidelining the High Line.^{[44] [45]} In 2016 Tony Matelli's controversial sculpture "Sleepwalker" was exhibited upon the High Line.^[46] Max Hooper Schneider's aquarium was displayed on the linear park in 2017.^[47] The next year, the High Line hosted the British sculptor Phyllida Barlow's first public commission, "Prop".^[48]

History

Rail line

In 1847, the City of New York authorized the construction of railroad tracks along Tenth and Eleventh Avenues on Manhattan's West Side. The street-level tracks were used by the New York Central Railroad's freight trains, which shipped commodities such as coal, dairy products, and beef.^{[49] [50]} For safety the railroad hired "West Side cowboys", men who rode horses and waved flags in front of the trains. However, so many accidents occurred between freight trains and other traffic that the nickname "Death Avenue" was given to Tenth^{[51] [52]} and Eleventh Avenues. In 1910, one organization estimated that there had been 548 deaths and 1,574 injuries over the years along Eleventh Avenue.

Public debate about the hazard began during the early 1900s.^[53] In 1929 the city, the state, and New York Central agreed on the West Side Improvement Project,^[50] conceived by New York City park commissioner Robert Moses.^[54] The 13miles project eliminated 105 street-level railroad crossings, added 32acres to Riverside Park, and included construction of the West Side Elevated Highway. The plans also included the construction of the St. John's Freight Terminal at Spring Street,^[55] which was completed in 1936^[56] and replaced the street-level St. John's Park Terminal in present-day Tribeca.^[57] The West Side Improvement cost more than $150 million,^[58] worth about $ billion in dollars. The last stretch of street-level track was removed from Eleventh Avenue in 1941.

The first train on the High Line viaduct, part of New York Central's West Side Line, ran along the structure in 1933.^[59] The elevated structure was dedicated on June 29, 1934, and was the first part of the West Side Improvement Project to be completed.^[60] The High Line, which originally ran from 35th Street to St. John's Freight Terminal, was designed to go through the center of blocks rather than over an avenue. As a result, the viaduct's construction necessitated the demolition of 640 buildings. It connected directly to factories and warehouses, allowing trains to load and unload inside buildings. Milk, meat, produce, and raw and manufactured goods could be transported and unloaded without disturbing street traffic. This reduced the load on the Bell Laboratories Building (which has housed the Westbeth Artists Community since 1970)^[61] and the former Nabisco plant in Chelsea Market, which were served from protected sidings in the buildings.^{[52] [62]}

The line also passed under the Western Electric complex at Washington Street. Although the section still existed, it is not connected to the developed park.^{[52] [63]}

Abandonment

The growth of interstate trucking during the 1950s led to a drop in rail traffic throughout the U.S. St. John's Freight Terminal was abandoned in 1960,^[64] and the southernmost section of the line was demolished in the following decade due to low use.^[65] The West Village Apartments were then built on part of the former segment's right of way.^[66] The demolished section began at Bank Street and ran down Washington Street to Spring Street (just north of Canal Street).^[67]

By 1978, the High Line viaduct was used to deliver just two carloads of cargo per week. The viaduct was shut down in 1980, when owner Conrail had to disconnect the viaduct from the rest of the national rail system for a year. The closure was necessitated as a result of the construction of Javits Center at 34th Street, which required that the curve at 35th Street be rebuilt. The last train on the viaduct was a three-car consist carrying frozen turkeys. During the time the viaduct was disconnected, two large customers along the route moved to New Jersey. The curve to the viaduct from 35th Street was demolished during the construction of Javits Center and was replaced by the current curve at 34th Street.^[68] The tracks leading to the High Line were reconnected in 1981, but as there were no more customers along the route, the curve at 34th Street was never completed, and the viaduct did not see any further usage. At this point, Conrail still owned the right of way and the tracks.

During the mid-1980s, a group of property owners with land under the line lobbied for the demolition of the entire structure. Peter Obletz, a Chelsea resident, activist, and railroad enthusiast, challenged the demolition efforts in court and tried to re-establish rail service on the line.^[69] Obletz offered to buy the viaduct for $10 in order to run a small amount of freight trains on the line, and Conrail accepted, mainly because demolition would have cost $5 million. However, this offer was also disputed in court. By 1988, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was negotiating with Conrail for the possibility for using the line's right of way to construct a light rail route. These negotiations did not proceed further, and by the end of the 1980s, it was expected that the High Line would be demolished.^[70]

As part of the construction of the Empire Connection to Penn Station, which opened in spring 1991, the West Side Line tracks north of 35th Street were routed to the new Empire Connection tunnel to Penn Station. A small section of the High Line in the West Village, from Bank to Gansevoort Streets, was taken apart in 1991 despite objections by preservationists.^[71] The remaining riveted-steel elevated structure was unused and in disrepair during the 1990s, but it remained structurally sound. Around this time, it became known to urban explorers and local residents for the tough, drought-tolerant wild grasses, shrubs (such as sumac) and rugged trees which had sprung up in the gravel along the abandoned railway. The administration of mayor Rudy Giuliani planned to demolish the structure.^[72] The Interstate Commerce Commission approved plans to demolish the structure in 1992, but demolition was delayed due to disputes between various city government agencies and the railroad companies. Ownership of the viaduct ultimately passed to CSX Transportation in 1999.^[73]

Repurposing proposal

A nonprofit organization called Friends of the High Line^[74] was formed in October 1999 by Joshua David and Robert Hammond. They advocated its preservation and reuse as public open space, an elevated park or greenway similar to the Promenade Plantée in Paris.^{[75] [76] [77]} The concept also drew inspiration from Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord, Germany—a precedent for urban and industrial repurposing in modern landscaping.^[78] The organization was initially a small community group advocating the High Line's preservation and transformation when the structure was threatened with demolition during Rudy Giuliani's second term as mayor.^[79] In 2000, CSX Transportation gave photographer Joel Sternfeld permission to photograph it for a year. Sternfeld's photographs of its meadow-like natural beauty, discussed in an episode of the documentary series Great Museums, were used at public meetings when the subject of saving the High Line was discussed.^[80] Mary Boone's art gallery, as well as Martha Stewart and Edward Norton, hosted fundraising benefits for the High Line in 2001 and 2002 respectively. Fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg (who had moved her New York City headquarters to the Meatpacking District in 1997) and her husband, Barry Diller, also organized fundraising events in her studio.

In 2003, Friends of the High Line sponsored a design competition that attracted more than 720 participants from 38 countries.^[81] Proposals included a sculpture garden, an elongated swimming pool, and a linear amusement park/campground.^[82] In July 2003, Edward Norton and Robert Caro hosted a benefit event at Grand Central Terminal, where the submissions for the design contest were exhibited. The same month, a bipartisan group of city officials began petitioning the federal Surface Transportation Board to hand over title to the viaduct for park use.^[83] In anticipation of this handover, the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans for a High Line park that September.^[84] The following year, the New York City government committed $50 million to establish the proposed park. Mayor Bloomberg and City Council speakers Gifford Miller and Christine C. Quinn were among the major supporters. Fundraising for the park raised a total of over $150 million .^[85] The Surface Transportation Board issued a certificate of interim trail use on June 13, 2005, allowing the city to remove most of the line from the national rail system.^[86] Ownership officially passed from CSX to the city that November.^[87]

Linear park

Reconstruction and design

On April 10, 2006, Mayor Bloomberg presided over a ceremony to mark the beginning of construction. The park was designed by James Corner's New York-based landscape architecture firm Field Operations and architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, with garden design by Piet Oudolf of the Netherlands, lighting design from L'Observatoire International,^[88] and engineering design by Buro Happold^[89] and Robert Silman Associates.^[90] New York City Department of City Planning director and city planning commission chair Amanda Burden contributed to the project's development.^{[91] [92]} Major supporters included Philip Falcone,^[93] Diane von Fürstenberg, Barry Diller, and von Fürstenberg's children Alexander and Tatiana von Fürstenberg.^[94] Hotel developer Andre Balazs, owner of the Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles, built the 337-room Standard Hotel straddling the High Line at West 13th Street.^[95]

The southernmost section, from Gansevoort Street to 20th Street, opened as a city park on June 8, 2009.^[96] The section includes five stairways and elevators at 14th Street and 16th Street.^[97] Around the same time, construction of the second section began.^[98] A ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on June 7, 2011, to open the second section (from 20th Street to 30th Street), with Mayor Michael Bloomberg, New York City Council speaker Christine Quinn, Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer and Congressman Jerrold Nadler in attendance.^{[99] [100]} CSX Transportation, owner of the northernmost section from 30th to 34th Streets, agreed in principle to donate the section to the city in 2011; the Related Companies, which owns development rights for the West Side Rail Yards, agreed not to tear down the spur crossing 10th Avenue.^[101] Construction on the final section was started in September 2012.^{[102] [103]}

A ribbon-cutting ceremony for the High Line's third phase was held on September 20, 2014,^{[104] [105]} followed the next day by the opening of its third section and a procession down the park.^{[106] [107] [104]} The third phase, costing $76 million, was divided into two parts.^[108] The first part (costing $75 million)^[109] is from the end of phase 2 of the line to its terminus at 34th Street, west of 11th Avenue.^{[108] [110] [111]} The second part, a spur above Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, has room to install artworks curated by the public art program.^{[112] [113] [114]} The spur was scheduled to open by 2018, but was then delayed to April 2019, and later to June 2019.^[115] It opened on June 4, 2019, with the installation of a plinth as its initial artwork.^[116] It contains entrances to 10 Hudson Yards,^[117] built above the spur.^[118]

Subsequent developments

The High Line closed temporarily in early 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City; while most parks remained open during the pandemic, the High Line is a linear park with few means to spread out for social distancing measures.^{[119] [120]} The High Line reopened on July 16, 2020, with limited capacity: the section between Gansevoort and 23rd streets were only open to visitors with timed-entry passes, and were only able to walk northbound from Gansevoort Street, with the other access points being for egress only.^[121]

During the pandemic, a team of 60 people hosted a Zoom call twice a week to plan an extension of the High Line.^[122] On January 11, 2021, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced proposals to extend the High Line east to Moynihan Train Hall and north to Hudson River Park.^[123] The 1200feet Moynihan Connector was planned to cost $60 million and run east to Ninth Avenue. A second spur would diverge from the Phase 3 walkway at 34th Street, running north to the Javits Center and then turning west to cross the West Side Highway to Hudson River Park.^[124] When the spurs were announced, neither of the projects had been funded.^[25] As of September 2021, the Moynihan Connector was funded and was projected to be completed in early 2023 at a cost of $50 million.^{[125] [126]} A groundbreaking for the Moynihan Connector occurred on February 24, 2022,^{[127] [128]} although major construction did not begin until later the same year. The Moynihan Connector opened on June 22, 2023.^[129]

Friends of the High Line

The line is maintained by Friends of the High Line, which was founded by Joshua David and Robert Hammond.^{[74] [130]} The organization is credited with saving the structure by rallying public support for the park and convincing Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration in 2002 to support the project by filing a request with the Surface Transportation Board to create a public trail on the site. Friends of the High Line played a role in the line's visual aesthetic, holding a competition in conjunction with the city of New York in 2004 to determine the design team which would lead the project. Since the park's opening in 2009, Friends of the High Line has had an agreement with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to serve as its primary steward.^[131] The organization is responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of the park, with an annual budget of over $5 million.^[132] It has an annual operating budget of $11.5 million, in addition to capital construction and management and fundraising expenses.^[74]

Friends of the High Line has raised more than $150 million in public and private funds^[74] toward the construction of the first two sections of the park. Unlike the first two phases, to which the city significantly contributed, Friends of the High Line was responsible for raising funds for phase three (an estimated $35 million). The organization raises over 90 percent of the High Line's annual operating budget from private donations. When the city donated $5 million to the High Line in 2012, there was criticism that most city parks had received less funding that year, especially since Friends of the High Line had raised an extra $85 million that year.^[133]

The organization has an office on Washington Street, near the park's southern end.^[134] It has 80 full-time, year-round employees and about 150 full-time summer employees. Friends of the High Line has been run by president and co-founder Josh David after executive director Jenny Gersten stepped down in 2014.^[135] Co-founder Robert Hammond served as executive director until he stepped down in February 2013. Friends of the High Line has a 38-member board of directors consisting of many New York City businesspeople and philanthropists, including Amanda Burden of Bloomberg Associates, Jane Lauder of Estée Lauder Companies, Jon Stryker of the Arcus Foundation and Darren Walker of the Ford Foundation.

Impact

Since its opening, the High Line has become one of the most popular visitors attractions in New York City.^[136] By September 2014, the park had nearly five million visitors annually, and in 2019, it had eight million visitors per year.^[137] Most of these visits came from tourists; a 2019 study found that tourists made up four-fifths of the High Line's total visitor count. Residents quoted in The New York Times stated that the park has become a "tourist-clogged catwalk" since it opened, and one critic called it a "tourist-clogged cattle chute".^[138] The New York Times called the High Line "one of the best-known naturalistic gardens anywhere" upon the park's 15th anniversary in 2024.

Gentrification and development

thumb|The luxury apartment building HL23 by Neil M. Denari Architects opened in 2010.^[139] The recycling of the rail line into an urban park and tourist attraction has revitalized Chelsea, which was "gritty" and in generally poor condition during the late twentieth century.^[140] It has also spurred real-estate development in the neighborhoods along the line.^[141] According to mayor Bloomberg, by 2009 more than 30 projects were planned or under construction nearby, and by 2016 more than 11 projects were under construction.^[142] It has also helped raise the value of properties directly adjacent to the High Line by an average of 10 percent over properties a few blocks away. At least 20 properties abutting the High Line have sold for at least $10 million since the park's opening in 2009, with an apartment in a building directly adjacent to the park selling for an average of $6 million. Apartments located near Phase 1 of the High Line are, on average, more than twice as costly as those between Seventh and Eighth Avenues (two blocks east).^[143] In August 2016, the park continued to increase real-estate values along it in an example of the halo effect.^[144]

Residents who have bought apartments next to the High Line adapted to its presence in various ways, but most responses were positive. However, many established businesses in west Chelsea have closed due to loss of their neighborhood customer base or rent increases.^{[145] [146]} Among the businesses that have closed are gas stations and auto-repair stores, as well as a parochial school. Chelsea has significant racial-minority communities, many of whom live in two large public housing developments.^[147] In a 2017 interview, Friends of the High Line co-founder Robert Hammond said that he "failed" the community; the High Line did not fulfill its original purpose of serving the surrounding neighborhood, which had become demographically divided around the park.^[148]

Due to the High Line's popularity, several museums were proposed or built along its path. The Dia Art Foundation considered (but rejected) a proposal to build a museum at the Gansevoort Street terminus.^[149] On that site, the Whitney Museum has built a new home for its collection of American art. The building, designed by Renzo Piano, opened on May 1, 2015.^[150]

Crime

Crime has been low in the park. Shortly after the second section opened in 2011, The New York Times reported that there had been no reports of major crimes (such as assault or robbery) since the first phase opened two years earlier. Parks Enforcement Patrols have written summonses for infractions of park rules such as walking dogs or riding bicycles on the walkway at a lower rate than in Central Park. Park advocates attributed this to the visibility of the High Line from surrounding buildings, a feature of urban life espoused by author Jane Jacobs nearly fifty years before. According to Joshua David, "Empty parks are dangerous ... Busy parks are much less so. You're virtually never alone on the High Line."^[151] In a review of the Highliner restaurant—which has now reverted to its previous name, the Empire Diner—Ariel Levy wrote in The New Yorker that... "The new Chelsea that is emerging on weekends as visitors flood the elevated park ... [is] touristy, overpriced, and shiny."^[152]

Projects in other cities

The High Line's success in New York City has encouraged leaders in other cities such as Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel, who sees it as "a symbol and catalyst" for gentrifying neighborhoods. Several cities nationwide have plans to renovate railroad infrastructure into parkland,^[153] including Philadelphia's Rail Park, Atlanta's Belt Line, and Chicago's Bloomingdale Trail.^[154] The High Line has helped pioneer the creation of elevated parks worldwide.^{[154] [155] [156]} In Queens, the Queensway (a proposed aerial rail trail) is being considered for reactivation along the right-of-way of the Long Island Rail Road's former Rockaway Beach Branch.^[157] Other cities around the world have planned elevated rails-to-trails parks in what has been called the "High Line effect".^{[158] [159] [160]} An organization called the High Line Network was created in 2018 to coordinate 19 similar projects across the United States.^[160] A proposed conversion of the Tokyo Expressway in Tokyo was also inspired by the High Line.^[161]

According to some estimates, it costs substantially less to redevelop an abandoned urban rail line into a linear park than to demolish it. Landscape architect James Corner (who led the High Line's design team) noted that "The High Line is not easily replicable in other cities," however, observing that building a "cool park" requires a "framework" of neighborhoods around it to succeed.^[162]

In 2016, Friends of the High Line launched the High Line Network to support similar infrastructure re-use projects being developed in other cities.^[163], there are 19 projects in the network, including River LA, the Atlanta Beltline, Crissy Field, Dequindre Cut, the Lowline, Klyde Warren Park, the Bentway, Bergen Arches, Destination Crenshaw and the Trinity River Project.^{[164] [165] [166]}

Popular culture

The line has been depicted in a variety of media before its redevelopment. The 1979 film Manhattan includes a shot of the High Line as director and star Woody Allen speaks the first line: "Chapter One. He adored New York City."^[167] Director Zbigniew Rybczyński shot the music video for Art of Noise's single, "Close (to the Edit)" on the line in 1984.^[168]

In 2001 (two years after the formation of the Friends of the High Line), photographer Joel Sternfeld documented the High Line's flora and dilapidation in his book, Walking the High Line. The book also contains essays by writer Adam Gopnik and historian John R. Stilgoe.^[169] Sternfeld's work was regularly discussed and exhibited during the 2000s as the rehabilitation project developed. Alan Weisman's 2007 book, The World Without Us, cites the High Line as an example of the reappearance of the wild in an abandoned area.^[170] Kinetics & One Love's 2009 song, "The High Line", uses the line (before its conversion to a park) as an example of nature's reclamation of man-made structures.

A number of films and television programs have utilized the High Line since the park opened. In 2011, the television series Louie used it as a setting for one of the title character's dates.^[171] Other works with scenes on the High Line since its conversion include The Simpsons 2012 episode "Moonshine River"^[172] and the 2012 film, What Maisie Knew.^[173]

See also

• 10-Minute Walk
• Camden Highline
• Coulée verte René Dumont, Paris, France
• List of linear parks
• List of rail trails in the United States
• Min Hi Line
• Rose de Cherbourg
• Park conservancy

Neighborhoods, developments, and places nearby

• Meatpacking District, Manhattan
• Chelsea, Manhattan
  • Whitney Museum
• Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan
• Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project
  • 15 Hudson Yards
  • The Shed (Hudson Yards)
  • West Side Rail Yard

Further reading

• Web site: Q&A: Friends of the High Line interview. March 19, 2007. CNN.com. August 9, 2007. October 24, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024002214/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/03/15/highline.qa/. dead.
• Book: High Line: The Inside Story of New York City's Park in the Sky. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2011. New York. 978-0-374-53299-4. David. Joshua. Hammond. Robert.
• News: Elevated. Justin. Davidson. New York. June 7, 2009.
• Book: James Corner Field Operations. The High Line: foreseen, unforeseen. Diller Scofidio + Renfro. 2015. Phaidon Press . 978-0-7148-7100-4. English. 908991241.
• Web site: Millions stroll in New York's 'park in the sky'. BBC News. Maher. Michael. Video. October 7, 2011.
• News: The High Line: It Brings Good Things to Life. Adam. Sternbergh. New York. April 29, 2007.
• Book: Zambelli. Matteo. Alves. Henrique Pessoa. 2012. La High Line di New York. Milano. Mimesis. 978-88-575-0705-7.

External links

• • News: 2018. Andrea. Sachs. Jesse (photographer). Dittmar. Highly esteemed: An end-to-end walk along Manhattan's High Line: A visitor's guide to points of entry, events and attractions on and off the storied elevated park: Explore the High Line in 360° Video. The Washington Post. 2641-0702. 8787120. July 12, 2020. July 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200712024033/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/lifestyle/travel/high-line/. dead. .

Notes and References

1. News: Rail Shot at Prosperity. New York Post. December 8, 2006. August 2, 2009. Topousis. Tom. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121020164236/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/rail_shot_at_prosperity_high_line_ynMflHoOkraLadcWnI0NbO. October 20, 2012.
2. Web site: 10 Hudson Yards Building Plan. Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project. January 22, 2014. April 1, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131216051251/http://www.hudsonyardsnewyork.com/office/10-hudson-yards/availabilities/building. December 16, 2013.
3. Web site: Park Information. Friends of the High Line. June 8, 2011. September 20, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140921231558/http://www.thehighline.org/visit. September 21, 2014.
4. Web site: Mayor Bloomberg Cuts Ribbon on the High Line's Newly Renamed Tiffany & Co. Foundation Overlook. Inhabitat. July 24, 2012. September 21, 2014. Laylin. Tafline. https://web.archive.org/web/20141215201857/http://inhabitat.com:80/nyc/mayor-bloomberg-cuts-ribbon-on-the-high-line%E2%80%99s-newly-renamed-tiffany-co-foundation-overlook. December 15, 2014.
5. Web site: The Tiffany and Co. Foundation Overlook Dedicated on the High Line. Tiffany and Co. Foundation. July 2012. September 21, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045100/http://www.tiffanyandcofoundation.org/news/article/High_line_2012.aspx. September 24, 2014.
6. News: Roach . Margaret . June 26, 2024 . The High Line Opened 15 Years Ago. What Lessons Has It Taught Us? . June 26, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
7. Web site: Polshek Partnership. Emap Construct. April 25, 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211154427/http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/portfolio/archives/0910standard-1.asp. February 11, 2012.
8. Web site: New Water Feature Coming to the High Line. Friends of the High Line. April 22, 2010. September 21, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616203945/http://thehighline.org/news/2010/04/22/new-water-feature-coming-to-the-high-line. June 16, 2010.
9. http://chelseamarket.com/index.php/About/contact/about-chelsea-market "About Chelsea Market", Chelsea Market website
10. Web site: HIGH LINE 2011: Rail to trail opens from 20th to 30th Streets. Forgotten NY. September 2011. September 21, 2014. Walsh. Kevin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141114161115/http://forgotten-ny.com/2011/09/high-line-2011-rail-to-trail-opens-from-20th-to-30th-streets/. November 14, 2014.
11. News: Kurutz. Steven. August 1, 2012. Close Quarters. The New York Times. live. August 17, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029205144/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/02/garden/close-quarters-on-the-high-line.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0. October 29, 2014. 0362-4331.
12. News: 0362-4331. More Room to Roam on the High Line. The New York Times. May 29, 2011. September 21, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170824014713/http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/05/29/nyregion/20110529_HIGHLINE-6.html?_r=0. August 24, 2017.
13. Web site: Final Section of the High Line Will Open on September 21. Jessica. Dailey. September 4, 2014. Curbed. https://web.archive.org/web/20150912121815/http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2014/09/04/final_section_of_the_high_line_will_open_on_september_21.php. September 12, 2015. live. September 9, 2014.
14. Web site: Inside The Spur, the new High Line park. Weaver. Shaye. February 28, 2019. am New York. March 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090228/https://www.amny.com/things-to-do/the-spur-high-line-1.27876692. March 27, 2019. live.
15. Web site: Check out The Spur, the final section of the High Line, now completed. June 4, 2019. ABC7 New York. June 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605133030/https://abc7ny.com/5330023/. June 5, 2019. live.
16. Web site: The High Line gets a London-style art plinth . Phaidon . January 19, 2017 . August 14, 2024.
17. Web site: High Line Plinth: a new landmark destination for contemporary art . e-flux . January 10, 2017 . August 14, 2024.
18. Web site: LAST OF THE HIGH LINE, Chelsea. Forgotten NY. October 2014. November 16, 2014. Walsh. Kevin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035415/http://forgotten-ny.com/2014/10/last-of-the-high-line-chelsea/. November 29, 2014.
19. Web site: Exploring New Design Features at the Rail Yards. Friends of the High Line. October 23, 2014. October 23, 2014. Mullanney. Jeanette. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024031518/http://www.thehighline.org/blog/2014/10/23/exploring-new-design-features-at-the-rail-yards. October 24, 2014.
20. Web site: Say Hello to High Line at the Rail Yards, the Park's Final Leg. Curbed. September 20, 2014. September 21, 2014. Rosenberg. Zoe. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
21. Web site: New High Line section opens, extending the park to 34th St.. Daily News. September 21, 2014. September 21, 2014. Green. Frank. Corinne. Letsch. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140921033407/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/new-high-line-section-opens-extending-park-34th-st-article-1.1946927. September 21, 2014.
22. Web site: The High Line's Last Section Opens Tomorrow, and Here's a First Look. New York. September 20, 2014. September 21, 2014. Davidson. Justin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140920212905/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/09/high-lines-last-section-opens-tomorrow.html. September 20, 2014.
23. Web site: Parrott . Max . June 21, 2023 . Serenity above: High Line opens new wooden bridge to Moynihan Train Hall . June 22, 2023 . amNewYork.
24. Web site: Yu . Janice . June 21, 2023 . Moynihan Connector ready to welcome visitors to the High Line in Manhattan . June 22, 2023 . ABC7 New York.
25. News: Zaveri. Mihir. Slotnik. Daniel E.. January 11, 2021. $60 Million High Line Expansion to Connect Park to Moynihan Train Hall. en-US. The New York Times. January 11, 2021. 0362-4331. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111213016/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/nyregion/moynihan-station-high-line.html. live.
26. Web site: Roman . Isabella . July 27, 2022 . Progress continues to be made on High Line X Moynihan Connector . February 1, 2023 . amNewYork . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201020324/https://www.amny.com/news/progress-on-high-line-x-moynihan-connector/ . live .
27. Web site: Schulz. Dana. September 15, 2021. See the elevated pedestrian pathway that will connect the High Line to Moynihan Train Hall. September 17, 2021. 6sqft. September 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210916205407/https://www.6sqft.com/see-the-elevated-pedestrian-pathway-that-will-connect-the-high-line-to-moynihan-train-hall/. live.
28. Web site: Wood on the High Line . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091028192550/http://www.thehighline.org/news/2009/06/28/wood-on-the-high-line . October 28, 2009 . August 2, 2009 . Friends of the High Line.
29. News: Higgins . Adrian . April 8, 2023 . Why New York's High Line is the perfect source of gardening inspiration . July 25, 2024 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
30. Web site: Rutter . Thomas . July 14, 2024 . 'One of the most significant public gardens of the 21st century' – what the High Line can teach us about resilient gardening . July 25, 2024 . Homes and Gardens.
31. Web site: Planting Design. Friends of the High Line. August 2, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100402194502/http://www.thehighline.org/design/planting. April 2, 2010.
32. News: First Drafts: James Corner's High Line Park. Keller. Jared. July 2011. The Atlantic. June 5, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160713205900/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/07/first-drafts-james-corners-high-line-park/240695/. July 13, 2016. en-US.
33. Web site: Construction. Friends of the High Line. August 17, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328070346/http://thehighline.org/design/construction. March 28, 2010.
34. Web site: Parker . Billy . September 24, 2009 . High Line Called Out For Using Amazon Wood . July 25, 2024 . Gothamist.
35. Web site: Arak . Joey . July 10, 2009 . Benched! High Line, Washington Square Park Seating Scolded . July 25, 2024 . Curbed NY.
36. Web site: fo . Field Operations – project_details . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170103130200/http://www.fieldoperations.net/project-details/project/highline.html . January 3, 2017 . June 5, 2017 . www.fieldoperations.net . en.
37. News: 0362-4331. Seeing the Hudson River Through 700 Windows. The New York Times. May 21, 2009. July 2, 2011. Vogel. Carol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
38. News: Taking the High Line: the art park that rivals MoMA. The Art Newspaper. May 21, 2009. July 2, 2011. Dobrzynski. Judith H.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716221732/http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Taking-the-High-Line-the-art-park-that-rivals-MoMA/20396. July 16, 2011.
39. Web site: High Line Art: Kim Beck, Space Available. artforum.com. February 27, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20151120063010/http://artforum.com/video/mode%3Dlarge%26id%3D27680. November 20, 2015.
40. Web site: Kim Beck Riffs on Meatpacking Ads With Empty Signs – News – Art in America. www.artinamericamagazine.com. Miller. Leigh Anne. February 28, 2011. February 27, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224713/http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/news/kim-beck-high-line/. March 4, 2016.
41. Web site: BOMB Magazine — Friends of the High Line by Tabitha Piseno. bombmagazine.org. February 27, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135907/http://bombmagazine.org/article/5009/friends-of-the-high-line. March 4, 2016.
42. News: High Notes – New Art on the High Line. The New York Times. June 7, 2011. June 7, 2011. Browne. Alex. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110610193650/http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/07/high-notes-new-art-on-the-high-line/. June 10, 2011.
43. Web site: Warren . Karen . December 13, 2021 . Sculpture and Art on New York's High Line . World Wide Writer.
44. Web site: Broken Bridge II. High Line Art. November 21, 2012. July 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180706022806/http://art.thehighline.org/project/elanatsui/. July 6, 2018. live.
45. Web site: Exclusive – El Anatsui: "Broken Bridge II". Art21 Magazine. Forster. Ian. February 8, 2013. July 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180706022938/http://magazine.art21.org/2013/02/08/exclusive-el-anatsui-broken-bridge-ii/. July 6, 2018. live.
46. Web site: Controversial Statue Comes to the High Line. artnet News. Perlson. Hili. January 7, 2016. July 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180706022457/https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/controversial-sleepwalker-sculpture-high-line-403190. July 6, 2018. live.
47. Web site: Solway. Diane. July 13, 2017. The Personal History Behind Artist Max Hooper Schneider's High Line Aquarium. W Magazine. July 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180714170053/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/max-hooper-schneider-high-line-art-aquarium/amp. July 14, 2018. live.
48. Web site: Dafoe. Taylor. Sculptor Phyllida Barlow's Concrete Colossus on Stilts Will Tower over Chelsea This Spring. March 14, 2018. Artnet. July 20, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180720052039/https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/high-line-phyllida-barlow-installation-1244552. July 20, 2018. live.
49. News: 0362-4331. New York City Rail Crossings Carry a Deadly Past. Dunlap. David W.. February 18, 2015. The New York Times. February 12, 2018. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135112/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/19/nyregion/rail-crossings-remain-part-of-new-york.html. February 13, 2018. live.
50. Web site: The Highline: past and present. GeoWeb, Harvard University. May 13, 2010. October 23, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141023213640/http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/pbcote/courses/archive/2010/gsd6447/bighorse/. October 23, 2014.
51. News: 0362-4331. When a Monster Plied the West Side. The New York Times. December 22, 2011. May 12, 2014. Gray. Christopher. Christopher Gray (architectural historian). The New York World referred to the West Side route as Death Avenue in 1892, long after the Park Avenue problem had been solved, saying 'many had been sacrificed' to 'a monster which has menaced them night and day.'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135519/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/25/realestate/the-railroad-tracks-that-turned-a-street-into-death-avenue.html. May 17, 2014.
52. News: Newspaper was there at High Line's birth and now its rebirth. The Villager. August 12, 2011. Amateau. Albert. 77. 48. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110713012549/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_261/newspaperwasthere.html. July 13, 2011.
53. News: 'Death Ave.' Ends as Last Rusty Rail Goes; Huge West Side Improvement Completed. June 26, 1941. The New York Times. February 12, 2018. en-US.
54. Web site: "High Line"'s Last Frontier. Forgotten NY. September 2012. October 23, 2014. Walsh. Kevin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024043604/http://forgotten-ny.com/2012/09/high-lines-last-frontier/. October 24, 2014.
55. News: 0362-4331. CENTRAL FILES PLAN OF $15,000,000 DEPOT; 12-Story West Side Freight Terminal Expected to Be Completed in Year. TO REPLACE 88 TENEMENTS Project Is Part of the Railroad's $100,000,000 City Program of Improvements.. March 10, 1931. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111153321/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/10/archives/central-files-plan-of-15000000-depot-12story-west-side-freight.html. live.
56. News: 0362-4331. West Side Freight Terminal to Open June 28 In New York Central's $100,000,000 Plan. June 12, 1934. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111153323/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/12/archives/west-side-freight-terminal-to-open-june-28-in-new-york-centrals.html. live.
57. News: 0362-4331. Razing Freight Depot; N.Y.C.R.R. Is Demolishing Its St. John's Terminal.. July 22, 1936. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111153323/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/07/22/archives/razing-freight-depot-nycrr-is-demolishing-its-st-johns-terminal.html. live.
58. Web site: Iovine. Julie V.. All Aboard the High Line. WSJ. June 23, 2009. July 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180708162631/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124571055656438803. July 8, 2018. live.
59. News: 0362-4331. Streetscapes: The West Side Improvement; On the Lower West Side, Fate Of Old Rail Line Is Undecided. Gray. Christopher. Christopher Gray (architectural historian). 1988. The New York Times. February 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034743/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/03/realestate/streetscapes-west-side-improvement-lower-west-side-fate-old-rail-line-undecided.html. February 27, 2018. live.
60. News: Mayor Dedicates West Side Project; 'Death to Death Av.' Is Toast to Terminal and Vast System of Tracks on West Side.. June 29, 1934. The New York Times. February 12, 2018. en-US.
61. Shockley, Jay. "Bell Telephone Laboratories (Westbeth Artists' Housing) Designation Report", New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (October 25, 2011)
62. Web site: History. Chelsea Market. July 14, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100709162515/http://chelseamarket.com/history/. July 9, 2010. dead. In 1932, the architect Louis Wirsching Jr. replaced some of the 1890 bakeries on the east side of 10th Avenue with the present unusual structure, which accommodates an elevated freight railroad viaduct. Its great open porch on the second and third floors was taken by the railroad as an easement for the rail tracks that still run through it..
63. News: 0362-4331. As High Line Park Rises, a Time Capsule Remains. The New York Times. May 18, 2008. June 11, 2011. Gray. Christopher. Christopher Gray (architectural historian). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120425071417/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/realestate/18scap.html. April 25, 2012.
64. News: 0362-4331. Freight Yard to Shut; Central Railroad Gets Permit on St. John's Station. January 30, 1960. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111153326/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/01/30/archives/freight-yard-to-shut-central-railroad-gets-permit-on-st-johns.html. live.
65. News: High Line 'park in sky' gets a hearing. July 20, 2003. New York Daily News. December 20, 2019. Associated Press. 11. newspapers.com .
66. News: 0362-4331. Rail Fan Finds Rusting Dream of West Side. Gottlieb. Martin. January 16, 1984. The New York Times. February 18, 2018. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20180219031155/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/16/nyregion/rail-fan-finds-rusting-dream-of-west-side.html. February 19, 2018. live.
67. Book: Opening of the West Side Improvement, October 12, 1937. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Moore Press, Incorporated. 1937. January 11, 2020.
68. Greenstein. J. WEST SIDE STORY : THE RISE AND FALL OF MANHATTAN'S HIGH LINE. Trains. 62. 3. April 1, 2002. 0041-0934. July 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180710163540/https://trid.trb.org/view/709658. July 10, 2018. live.
69. News: 0362-4331. The Charming Gadfly Who Saved the High Line. The New York Times. May 13, 2007. August 12, 2011. Freeman. John. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120708030440/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/13/nyregion/thecity/13oble.html. July 8, 2012.
70. News: The Air Above Rail Yards Still Free. Mary. Voboril. Newsday. New York. March 26, 2005.
71. News: 0362-4331. Elevated Freight Line Being Razed Amid Protests. The New York Times. January 15, 1991. October 23, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029204817/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/15/nyregion/elevated-freight-line-being-razed-amid-protests.html. October 29, 2014. Dunlap. David W..
72. News: Miracle Above Manhattan. May 15, 2012. May 16, 2014. Goldberger. Paul. National Geographic. Paul Goldberger. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826081922/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2011/04/ny-high-line/goldberger-text. August 26, 2014.
73. News: 0362-4331. How Everyone Jumped Aboard a Railroad to Nowhere. Demonchaux. Thomas. May 8, 2005. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20180618003251/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/08/arts/design/how-everyone-jumped-aboard-a-railroad-to-nowhere.html. June 18, 2018. live.
74. Web site: High Line History. Friends of the High Line. August 2, 2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140922013251/http://www.thehighline.org/about. September 22, 2014.
75. Web site: An elevated park à la française. February 1, 2012. Friends of the High Line. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120205120403/http://www.thehighline.org/blog/2012/02/01/an-elevated-park-%C3%A0-la-fran%C3%A7aise. February 5, 2012. July 27, 2014.
76. Web site: Q&A: Friends of the High Line interview. CNN. March 19, 2007. September 13, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
77. News: New York's historic elevated train line becomes a park. The Guardian. November 18, 2008. September 13, 2014. Owen. Paul. https://web.archive.org/web/20140829002223/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/nov/18/new-york-high-line-park. dead. August 29, 2014.
78. "Étonnants jardins. Le parc paysager de Duisburg-Nord", Pat Marcel, arte 2017
79. Web site: The High Line. New York City Economic Development Corporation. May 19, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
80. Elevated Thinking: The High Line in New York City. Great Museums. Chesney. Doyle. Susan. Spann. 2014.
81. News: 0362-4331. Currents: Exhibitions; Designers Dream on Paper of a City Park Called the High Line. Louie. Elaine. July 3, 2003. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. live. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229190459/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/03/garden/currents-exhibitions-designers-dream-paper-city-park-called-high-line.html. December 29, 2017.
82. News: Effort under way to turn old Manhattan railway into a 'park in the sky'. Burkhart. Tara. December 17, 2003. Baltimore Sun. December 20, 2019. Associated Press. B6. newspapers.com .
83. News: 0362-4331. Move to Reclaim Rail Line Receives Bipartisan Push. McIntire. Mike. July 25, 2003. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20171226193158/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/25/nyregion/move-to-reclaim-rail-line-receives-bipartisan-push.html. December 26, 2017. live.
84. News: 0362-4331. City Unveils Plans to Turn Old Rail Line Into a Park. Hu. Winnie. September 25, 2003. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227040407/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/25/nyregion/city-unveils-plans-to-turn-old-rail-line-into-a-park.html. December 27, 2017. live.
85. Web site: Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. Trail of the Month, October 2011. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140806141034/http://www.railstotrails.org/news/recurringFeatures/trailMonth/archives/1110.html. August 6, 2014.
86. News: 0362-4331. Rusty Railroad Advances on Road to Pristine Park. Vitello. Paul. June 15, 2005. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20190501142830/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/15/nyregion/rusty-railroad-advances-on-road-to-pristine-park.html. May 1, 2019. live.
87. News: 0362-4331. Metro Briefing New York: Manhattan: City Takes Title To High Line. O'Donnell. Michelle. November 17, 2005. The New York Times. January 11, 2020. live. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20150529184510/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/17/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-city-takes-title-to-high-line.html. May 29, 2015.
88. News: The Business of The High Line. Inc.. October 2011. September 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20111214090600/http://www.inc.com/magazine/201110/the-business-of-the-high-line.html. December 14, 2011. live.
89. Web site: High Line. BuroHappold Engineering. November 27, 2009. dead. https://archive.today/20140911112112/http://www.burohappold.com/projects/project/high-line-160/. September 11, 2014.
90. Web site: High Line Structural Engineering: Elevating the Design of New York's Preserved Rail. Leonel. Ponce. June 27, 2011. Inhabitat New York City. July 30, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20120304143843/http://inhabitat.com/nyc/high-line-structural-engineering-elevating-the-design-of-new-yorks-preserved-rail/. March 4, 2012. dead.
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94. News: Coach Inc. Agrees to Occupy Third of Hudson Yards Tower. The New York Times. November 1, 2011. November 28, 2011. Taylor. Kate. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20111103053856/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/coach-inc-agrees-to-occupy-third-of-hudson-yards-tower/. November 3, 2011.
95. News: Industrial Sleek (a Park Runs Through It). Ouroussoff. Nicolai. Nicolai Ouroussoff. 0362-4331. The New York Times. April 8, 2009. April 9, 2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20090410121241/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/arts/design/09pols.html. April 10, 2009.
96. News: First Phase of High Line Is Ready for Strolling. The New York Times. June 8, 2009. July 8, 2009. Pogrebin. Robin. Robin Pogrebin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
97. Web site: Friends of the High Line. High Line Map. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140627121853/http://www.thehighline.org/pdf/high-line-map.pdf. June 27, 2014. May 12, 2014.
98. News: High Line Designs Are Unveiled. The New York Times. June 25, 2008. August 12, 2011. Chan. Sewell. Sewell Chan. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110511053548/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/new-high-line-designs-are-unveiled/. May 11, 2011.
99. News: Hotly anticipated second section of the High Line opens, adding 10 blocks of elevated park space. Daily News. June 7, 2011. June 7, 2011. Pesce. Nicole Lyn. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110609040350/http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2011/06/07/2011-06-07_hotly_anticipated_second_section_of_the_high_line_opens_adding_10_blocks_of_elev.html. June 9, 2011.
100. News: As the High Line Grows, Business Falls in Love with a Public Park. Marritz. Ilya. WNYC. June 7, 2011. June 8, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204033/http://www.wnyc.org/articles/wnyc-news/2011/jun/07/high-line/. June 9, 2011.
101. News: Third Section of High Line Is On The Docket, On Google Maps. Curbed. November 1, 2011. September 10, 2014. Keith. Kelsey. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120108090337/http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2011/11/01/third_section_of_high_line_is_on_the_docket_on_google_maps.php. January 8, 2012.
102. News: High Line Begins Construction On Third And Final Section (PHOTOS). Huffington Post. September 20, 2012. May 9, 2014. Katz. Mathew. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
103. Web site: High Line at the Rail Yards. Friends of the High Line. May 12, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140504025058/http://www.thehighline.org/about/high-line-at-the-rail-yards. May 4, 2014.
104. News: 0362-4331. Third and Final Phase Opens. The New York Times. September 20, 2014. September 20, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140920081333/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/20/arts/design/the-high-line-opens-its-third-and-final-phase.html. September 20, 2014.
105. Web site: Opening Ceremony Celebrates Completion Of High Line Park. CBS New York. September 20, 2014. September 21, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140920195223/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2014/09/20/opening-ceremony-celebrates-completion-of-high-line-park/. September 20, 2014.
106. Web site: High Line's high returns. Crain's New York. September 21, 2014. September 21, 2014. Geiger. Daniel. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328173958/http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20140921/REAL_ESTATE/140919813/high-lines-high-returns. March 28, 2017.
107. Web site: Photos: High Line Phase Three is Officially Open. Gothamist. Jay. Ben. September 21, 2014. September 21, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140923012155/http://gothamist.com/2014/09/21/high_line_phase_three_is_officially.php. September 23, 2014.
108. Web site: Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline, Transform Neighborhood. Chelsea Now. February 6, 2013. June 2, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140724172516/http://chelseanow.com/2013/02/hudson-yards-set-to-alter-skyline-transform-neighborhood/. July 24, 2014.
109. News: 0362-4331. Upstairs, a Walk on the Wild Side. The New York Times. September 3, 2014. September 10, 2014. Raver. Anne. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200112/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/arts/design/fall-arts-preview-unruly-final-section-of-high-line-to-open.html?_r=0. September 10, 2014.
110. Web site: High Line at the Rail Yards Opening September 21. Friends of the High Line. September 4, 2014. September 4, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140905101640/http://www.thehighline.org/blog/2014/09/03/high-line-at-the-rail-yards-opening-september-21. September 5, 2014.
111. Web site: The High Line's Final Section Will Open This Month. Gothamist. Carlson. Jen. September 4, 2014. September 9, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140907031107/http://gothamist.com/2014/09/04/high_line_sept_21_fin.php. September 7, 2014.
112. Web site: Here Now, The Giant, Verdant Bowl In The Next High Line Phase – Rendering Reveals. Curbed. November 12, 2013. May 12, 2014. Alberts. Hana R.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
113. Web site: New Design Concept for the Spur. February 18, 2016. Friends of the High Line. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160309075535/http://www.thehighline.org/blog/2016/02/18/new-design-concept-for-the-spur. March 9, 2016. March 8, 2016.
114. Web site: Chaban. Matt. November 13, 2013. High Line Park will be capped with a giant bowl theater. New York Daily News. February 18, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053900/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bowl-cap-high-line-article-1.1514243. March 4, 2016.
115. Web site: 0362-4331. 'Brick House' Is Installed at the High Line. Aridi. Sara. April 4, 2019. The New York Times. April 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408182815/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/04/arts/design/high-line-simone-leigh-brick-house.html. April 8, 2019. live.
116. Web site: 'The Spur' Now Completes Original Plans For The High Line. June 4, 2019. CBS New York. June 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605133035/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/06/04/final-planned-section-of-high-line-the-spur-opens-today/. June 5, 2019. live.
117. Web site: 10 Hudson Yards fact sheet. Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project. September 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006121757/http://onlinedocs.related.com/HYDocuments/hudson-yards-nyc-10-hudson-yards-building-fact-sheet.pdf. October 6, 2014. live.
118. Web site: Construction Update: 10 Hudson Yards. New York YIMBY. December 13, 2013. May 12, 2014. Fedak. Nikolai. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
119. Web site: 2020. Important Parks Department Service Changes Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) : NYC Parks. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200512032633/https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/health-and-safety-guide/coronavirus. May 12, 2020. May 15, 2020. New York City Department of Parks & Recreation.
120. News: Higgins. Adrian. June 23, 2020. Perspective – The High Line has been sidelined. When it reopens, New Yorkers may get the park they always wanted.. July 3, 2020. Washington Post. June 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200626181557/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/the-high-line-has-been-sidelined-when-it-reopens-new-yorkers-may-get-the-park-they-always-wanted/2020/06/23/5e2a59e0-acd1-11ea-94d2-d7bc43b26bf9_story.html. live.
121. Web site: Elize. Manoukian. Leonard. Greene. A walk in the park: NYC's High Line reopens with several changes after four-month shutdown. August 13, 2020. New York Daily News. July 16, 2020. November 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200814/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-highline-park-reopening-20200716-qzrczgeokjevxdxuj3jp3itsvq-story.html. live.
122. Web site: January 9, 2023 . Elevated High Line park in NYC is expanding . February 1, 2023 . FOX 5 New York . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201020326/https://www.fox5ny.com/good-day/elevated-high-line-park-in-nyc-is-expanding . live .
123. Web site: James. Ramsay. Cuomo Proposes Expanding The High Line To Penn Station, Hudson River. Gothamist. January 11, 2021. January 12, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111211335/https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/cuomo-proposes-expanding-high-line-penn-station-hudson-river. live.
124. Web site: Weaver. Shaye. An ambitious new High Line expansion will connect the park to Penn Station. January 11, 2021. Time Out New York. January 11, 2021. en-US. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111223106/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/an-ambitious-new-high-line-expansion-will-connect-the-park-to-penn-station-011121. live.
125. Web site: Plans unveiled for $50M High Line to Moynihan Train Hall connector . Real Estate Weekly . September 16, 2021 . September 17, 2021 . September 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210916193735/https://rew-online.com/plans-unveiled-for-50m-high-line-to-moynihan-train-hall-connector/ . live .
126. Web site: Offenhartz . Jake . Cuomo's $50 Million High Line Extension Is Still Happening, Hochul Confirms . Gothamist . September 15, 2021 . September 17, 2021 . September 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210916200641/https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/cuomos-50-million-high-line-extension-still-happening-hochul-confirms . live .
127. Web site: Work to Begin on High Line Connection to Moynihan Hall . NBC New York . February 23, 2022 . February 24, 2022 . February 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220224192247/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/work-to-begin-on-high-line-connection-to-moynihan-hall/3567352/ . live .
128. Web site: Construction begins on High Line to Moynihan Train Hall connector . Spectrum News NY1 . February 24, 2022 . February 24, 2022 . February 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220224192245/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/manhattan/news/2022/02/24/woodland-bridge-to-connect-high-line-to-moynihan-train-hall- . live .
129. Web site: Adcroft . Patrick . June 22, 2023 . High Line-Moynihan Connector officially opens to the public . June 22, 2023 . Spectrum News NY1 New York City.
130. Web site: Joshua David and Robert Hammond: Friends of the High Line. March 31, 2011. Interview Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20150707164531/http://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/joshua-david-and-robert-hammond-friends-of-the-highline. July 7, 2015. live. May 19, 2015.
131. Web site: The High Line: NYC Parks. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. May 19, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150515085752/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/the-high-line. May 15, 2015.
132. News: 0362-4331. Robert Hammond, Executive Director of Friends of the High Line, Will Step Down. Foderaro. Lisa W.. February 11, 2013. The New York Times. May 11, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160715072153/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/12/nyregion/robert-hammond-executive-director-of-friends-of-the-high-line-will-step-down.html. July 15, 2016.
133. Web site: Katz. Mathew. Critics Question $5M City Donation to High Line Expansion. DNAinfo New York. July 19, 2012. May 11, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151223204711/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120719/chelsea/critics-question-5m-city-donation-high-line-expansion. December 23, 2015.
134. Web site: High Line Staff and Board. Friends of the High Line. May 19, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150504061600/http://www.thehighline.org/about/staff-and-board-members. May 4, 2015.
135. News: 0362-4331. Executive Director Leaving Friends of the High Line. Foderaro. Lisa W.. September 2, 2014. The New York Times. May 11, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
136. News: Higgins. Adrian. November 30, 2014. New York's High Line: Why the floating promenade is so popular. en-US. Washington Post. April 14, 2020. 0190-8286. September 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200930043717/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/new-yorks-high-line-why-the-floating-promenade-is-so-popular/2014/11/30/6f3e30cc-5e20-11e4-8b9e-2ccdac31a031_story.html. live.
137. Web site: Matthews. Karen. June 9, 2019. New York's High Line park marks 10 years of transformation. April 14, 2020. ABC News. Associated Press. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190609190417/https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/wireStory/yorks-high-line-park-marks-10-years-transformation-63587235. June 9, 2019.
138. Web site: Davidson. Justin. January 7, 2019. The High Line Has Become a Tunnel Through Glass Towers. July 3, 2020. Intelligencer. June 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200626193924/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/01/the-high-line-has-become-a-tunnel-through-glass-towers.html. live.
139. Web site: Denari . Neil . July 21, 2009 . High Line 23 / Neil M. Denari Architects . May 5, 2024 . www.archdaily.com.
140. News: High Line Park Spurs Remaking Of Formerly Grotty Chelsea. New York Observer. April 2, 2007. August 12, 2011. Koblin. John. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120125085036/http://www.observer.com/2007/04/high-line-park-spurs-remaking-of-formerly-grotty-chelsea/. January 25, 2012.
141. News: 0362-4331. As a Park Runs Above, Deals Stir Below. Gregor. Alison. August 10, 2010. The New York Times. February 10, 2011. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110507142639/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/11/realestate/commercial/11highline.html. May 7, 2011.
142. News: The High Line's 'Halo Effect' on Property. Barbanel. Josh. August 7, 2016. The Wall Street Journal. 0099-9660. August 8, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160807230659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-high-lines-halo-effect-on-property-1470608556. August 7, 2016. subscription.
143. Web site: Condos padding the High Line are ridiculously pricier than their neighbors. Nonko. Emily. August 8, 2016. Curbed NY. August 8, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809131105/http://ny.curbed.com/2016/8/8/12401622/high-line-real-estate-development-effect. August 9, 2016.
144. News: High Line spurs jump in nearby home prices: StreetEasy. Pereira. Ivan. August 8, 2016. AM New York. August 10, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191003191837/https://www.amny.com/real-estate/high-line-spurs-jump-in-nearby-home-prices-streeteasy-1.12149516. October 3, 2019.
145. News: Moss. Jeremiah. August 21, 2012. Disney World on the Hudson. The New York Times. live. August 22, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130515122204/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/opinion/in-the-shadows-of-the-high-line.html?smid=pl-share. May 15, 2013. 0362-4331.
146. Web site: Stewart . Alison . Green . Luke . July 24, 2024 . How the High Line changed NYC: A 'poster child' for gentrification and adaptive reuse . July 25, 2024 . Gothamist.
147. Reichl. Alexander J.. August 17, 2016. The High Line and the ideal of democratic public space. Urban Geography. 37. 6. 904–925. 10.1080/02723638.2016.1152843. 147331601. 0272-3638.
148. News: Bliss. Laura. February 7, 2017. The High Line's Biggest Issue—And How Its Creators Are Learning From Their Mistakes. en-US. CityLab. live. February 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170221014517/http://www.citylab.com/cityfixer/2017/02/the-high-lines-next-balancing-act-fair-and-affordable-development/515391/. February 21, 2017.
149. News: Vogel. Carol. October 25, 2006. Dia Art Foundation Calls Off Museum Project. The New York Times. live. July 8, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20061025195805/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/arts/design/25muse.html. October 25, 2006. 0362-4331.
150. News: Smith. Roberta. April 30, 2015. New Whitney Museum Signifies a Changing New York Art Scene. New York Times. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170520075046/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/02/arts/design/new-whitney-museum-signifies-a-changing-new-york-art-scene.html. May 20, 2017. 0362-4331.
151. News: 0362-4331. The Park Is Elevated. Its Crime Rate Is Anything But. The New York Times. June 10, 2011. June 11, 2011. Wilson. Michael. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110614144518/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/nyregion/the-high-line-park-is-elevated-its-crime-rate-is-not.html. June 14, 2011.
152. The Highliner. The New Yorker. August 8, 2011. August 3, 2011. Levy. Ariel. Ariel Levy (writer). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174924/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/08/08/the-highliner. August 26, 2014.
153. Web site: Underneath, Overlooked. February 28, 2017. Landscape Architecture Magazine. June 5, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170714201856/https://landscapearchitecturemagazine.org/2017/02/28/underneath-overlooked/. July 14, 2017.
154. News: 0362-4331. After Elevated Park's Success, Other Cities Look Up. Taylor. Kate. July 14, 2010. The New York Times. May 30, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927094150/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/15/arts/design/15highline.html. September 27, 2015.
155. Gastil. Ray. October 1, 2013. Prospect parks: walking the Promenade Planteé and the High Line. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 33. 4. 280–289. 10.1080/14601176.2013.807650. 162260743. 1460-1176.
156. News: Photos: The Differing Destinies of Elevated Urban Parks. May 30, 2017. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143743/https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/photos-the-differing-destinies-of-elevated-urban-parks. September 30, 2015.
157. News: 0362-4331. In Queens, Taking the High Line as a Model. The New York Times. January 7, 2013. October 23, 2014. Foderado. Lisa W.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029205125/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/08/nyregion/queens-wants-to-transform-an-abandoned-railway-into-a-park.html. October 29, 2014.
158. Web site: The High Line Effect: Why Cities Around The World (Including Toronto) Are Building Parks in the Sky. The Globe and Mail. October 1, 2014. October 24, 2014. McGinn. Dave. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
159. Web site: The High Line Effect: Are Our New Parks Trojan Horses of Gentrification?. Betsky. Aaron. December 13, 2016. Metropolis. en-US. March 13, 2020. June 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200625021347/https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/landscape/high-line-effect-new-parks-trojan-horses-gentrification/. live.
160. Web site: The High Stakes of the High Line Effect . Architect . Flynn . Katherine . February 26, 2019 . June 4, 2024.
161. Web site: Glass . Mia . A New York-Style High Line Is Coming to Tokyo . Bloomberg.com . May 27, 2024 . May 29, 2024.
162. News: 0362-4331. Cities See the Other Side of the Tracks. The New York Times. August 3, 2011. August 3, 2011. Shevory. Kristina. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110825192715/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/realestate/commercial/cities-see-another-side-to-old-tracks.html. August 25, 2011.
163. News: High Line creators launch website to advise on avoiding gentrification. Gibson. Eleanor. June 22, 2017. Dezeen. August 23, 2017. en-US. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711202447/https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/22/high-line-network-website-launch-offer-advice-avoiding-gentrification/. July 11, 2017.
164. News: The High Line's Biggest Issue—And How Its Creators Are Learning From Their Mistakes. CityLab. August 23, 2017. en-US. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170824014711/https://www.citylab.com/solutions/2017/02/the-high-lines-next-balancing-act-fair-and-affordable-development/515391/. August 24, 2017.
165. News: Want to join New York's High Line crowd? Don't listen to Joanna Lumley. Marshall. Colin. August 15, 2017. The Guardian. August 23, 2017. en-GB. 0261-3077. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170823002823/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/aug/15/new-york-high-line-crowd-london-garden-bridge-urban-design. August 23, 2017.
166. Web site: High Line launches forum to advise similar projects around the country. Eldredge. Barbara. June 21, 2017. Curbed. August 23, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170824014711/https://www.curbed.com/2017/6/21/15845064/high-line-nyc-park-adaptive-reuse-projects. August 24, 2017.
167. Web site: Chapter One: He Adored the High Line. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616214056/http://thehighline.org/blog/2008/02/21/chapter-one-he-adored-the-high-line/. Friends of the High Line. February 21, 2008. September 9, 2014. June 16, 2010. dead. See also:
168. Web site: It Happened Here: 80s Music Videos. Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation. May 23, 2011. September 9, 2014. Andrew. Berman. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140910215721/http://gvshp.org/blog/2011/05/23/it-happened-here-80s-music-videos/. September 10, 2014.
169. Book: Sternfeld. Joel. Stilgoe. John R.. Gopnik. Adam. Joel Sternfeld. John R. Stilgoe. Adam Gopnik. Walking the High Line. 2001. Steidl/Pace/MacGill Gallery. New York. 978-3-88243-726-3.
170. Web site: The High Line Without Us. Friends of the High Line. September 9, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20100314124007/http://thehighline.org/blog/2009/01/22/the-high-line-without-us. March 14, 2010.
171. Web site: The "Louie" Map of New York. Splitsider. June 15, 2012. September 9, 2014. DeLucia. Greg. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.
172. Web site: Tourism Tuesday Featuring New York City High Line. Royal Limos New York. March 5, 2013. September 9, 2014. Sheppard-Vaughn. Danette. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140910215835/http://www.royaluxury.com/blog/tourism-tuesday-featuring-new-york-city-high-line/. September 10, 2014.
173. News: 'What Maisie Knew' invites us to see the world through her eyes. The Boston Globe. May 23, 2013. September 9, 2014. Ty. Burr. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002221/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/23/movie-review-what-maisie-knew/ZoKdWOxMNe4Me071pBzJdM/story.html. September 11, 2014.