High Tatras Explained

High Tatras
Country Type:	Countries
Subdivision1 Type:	States
Subdivision2 Type:	Regions
Parent:	Eastern Tatras
Highest:	Gerlachovský štít
Highest Location:	Slovakia
Elevation M:	2655
Coordinates:	49.1667°N 28°W
Map:	Slovakia#Poland

The High Tatras or High Tatra Mountains (German: Hohe Tatra; Slovak: Vysoké Tatry; Высокі Татри, Vysoki Tatry; Polish: Tatry Wysokie; Hungarian: Magas-Tátra), are a mountain range along the border of northern Slovakia in the Prešov Region, and southern Poland in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. They are a range of the Tatra Mountains chain.

Description

The mountain range borders the Belianske Tatras to the east, the Podtatranská kotlina to the south, and the Western Tatras to the west. Most of the range, and all the highest peaks, are in Slovakia. The highest peak is Gerlachovský štít, at 2655m (8,711feet).

Biogeography

The High Tatras, having 29 peaks over 2500m (8,200feet) AMSL are, with the Southern Carpathians, the only mountain ranges with an alpine character and habitats in the entire 1200km (700miles) length of the Carpathian Mountains system.The first European cross-border national park, Tatra National Park, was founded here with Tatra National Park (Tatranský národný park) in Slovakia in 1948, and Tatra National Park (Tatrzański Park Narodowy) in Poland in 1954. The contiguous parks protect UNESCO's trans-border Tatra biosphere reserve.^[1]

FaunaMany rare and endemic animals and plant species are native to the High Tatras. They include the Tatras' endemic goat-antelope and critically endangered species, the Tatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica). Predators include Eurasian brown bear, Eurasian lynx, marten, wolf and fox. The Alpine marmot is common in the range.

FloraFlora of the High Tatras includes: the endemic Tatra scurvy-grass (Cochlearia tatrae), yellow mountain saxifrage (Saxifraga aizoides), ground covering net-leaved willow (Salix reticulata), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Swiss pine (Pinus cembra), and European larch (Larix decidua).

Peaks

Highest peaks

The 15 highest peaks of the High Tatras - all located in Slovakia - are:^[2]

Peak	Elevation (m		ft)
Gerlachovský štít	around 2,650	8,711
Gerlachovská veža	2,642	8,668
Lomnický štít	2,633	8,638
Ľadový štít	2,627	8,619
Pyšný štít	2,623	8,605
Zadný Gerlach	2,616	8,583
Lavínový štít	2,606	8,550
Malý Ľadový štít	2,602	8,537
Kotlový štít	2,601	8,533
Lavínová veža	2,600	8,530
Malý Pyšný štít	2,591	8,501
Veľká Litvorová veža	2,581	8 468
Strapatá veža	2,565	8,415
Kežmarský štít	2,556	8,386
Vysoká	2,547	8,356

Other notable peaks

• Kriváň, 2494 meters, also called Slovakia's "most beautiful mountain"
• Rysy, the popular Polish−Slovak summit border crossing. Rysy has three peaks: the middle at 2,503 meters; the north-western at 2,499 meters; and the south-eastern at 2,473 meters. The north-western peak is the highest point of Poland.
• Slavkovský štít, 2452 meters tall, within the Tatra National Park, Slovakia

Mountain lakes

Major lakes

• Slovak lakes
  • Štrbské pleso - 1,347 m, 20 m deep.
  • Popradské pleso - 1,494 m, 17 m deep.
  • Veľké Hincovo pleso - 1,945 m, 54 m deep.
• Polish lakes
  • Morskie Oko - 1,395 m, 51 m deep.
  • Czarny Staw pod Rysami - 1,583 m, 76 m deep.
  • Wielki Staw Polski - 1,664 m, 79 m deep.

Other lakes

• Slovak lakes
  • Zmrzlé pleso
  • Ťažké pleso
  • Ľadové pleso
  • Batizovské pleso
  • Veľké Spišské pleso - 2,019 m, 10 m deep.
  • Veľké Žabie pleso (Mengusovské) - 1,921 m, 7 m deep
  • Vyšné Bielovodské Žabie pleso - 1,699 m, 25 m deep.
  • Nižné Bielovodské Žabie pleso - 1,675 m, 21 m deep.
• Polish lakes
  • Czarny Staw Gąsienicowy - 1,624 m, 51 m deep.

Transport

• By TEŽ
  • Line : from: Štrbské Pleso - to: Poprad-Tatry
  • Line : from: Starý Smokovec - to: Tatranská Lomnica
• By OŽ
  • Line : from: Štrbské Pleso - to: Štrba
• By ŽSR
  • Line : from: Tatranská Lomnica - to: Studený Potok or from: Poprad-Tatry - to: Plaveč
• By PKP
  • Line 99 from: Chabówka to Zakopane

Culture

The area is well known for winter sports. Ski resorts include Štrbské pleso, Starý Smokovec and Tatranská Lomnica in Slovakia, and Zakopane in Poland. The town of Poprad is the gateway to the Slovak Tatra resorts.

PeopleThe Górale people ("highlanders"), a group of indigenous people with a distinctive traditional culture, are of the High Tatras and other mountain ranges and valleys in the Tatra Mountains region.

Ludwig Greiner identified Gerlachovský štít (Gerlachovský Peak) (2665m (8,743feet)) as the highest summit of the Tatra Mountains, and the entire Carpathian Mountains system. It is also the highest point of Slovakia.

Places and services

• Vysoké Tatry (town)
• Orla Perć — notable tourist mountain path/trail
• Siklawa Falls — highest waterfall in Poland
• Mickiewicz Falls
• Black Lake Falls
• Tatra Volunteer Search and Rescue (Poland)
• Mountain Rescue Service (Slovakia)

See also

• Tatra National Park, Poland
• Tatra National Park, Slovakia
• Tourism in Poland
• Tourism in Slovakia
• 1989 Tatry - named after High Tatras

References

• "The Tatras: High, Western, Bela's" (1:50,000 hiking map); BBKart/Marco Polo; 2005.

External links

• UNESCO — Natural Reserves of Tatras Mountains
• Tatry.org: Tatry Open Directory
• Tatry.sk: Official town of High Tatry website
• TldTatry.sk: Tatra Cable Railways
• Summitpost.org: High Tatra Mountains
• High Tatra Mountains visualized in 3D
• 3D scan of Lomnický peak, one of the highest mountain peaks in the High Tatras mountains.

Images

• VysokeTatry.com— various maps of the High Tatras
• Butkaj.com: photos of villages in the High Tatras — after the 2004 storm calamity.

Notes and References

1. https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1737/ UNESCO preserves
2. Web site: Matej Lednár . Najvyššie pohoria Slovenska (Highest mountain ranges in Slovakia) . 2003 . sk . June 2, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070609201220/http://www.slovenska-republika.com/data/oldsites/povrch.htm . June 9, 2007 .