Hexabothriidae Explained

Hexabothriidae is a family of monogenean parasites. The family name was proposed by Emmett W. Price in 1942.^[1] The family includes 14-16 genera according to authors ^{[2] [3]} and about 60 species; all are parasitic on the gills of chondrichthyan fishes (rays, sharks and chimaeras).^[3]

Studies on phylogeny of monogeneans based on morphology,^[4] molecules ^[5] or spermatozoa ^[6] suggest that the Hexabothriidae are a basal group within the Polyopisthocotylea.

Genera

According to the World Register of Marine Species ^[7]

• Branchotenthes Bullard & Dippenaar, 2003 ^[8]

• Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 ^[9]
• Dasyoncocotyle Hargis, 1955 ^[10]
• Epicotyle Euzet & Maillard, 1974 ^[11]
• Erpocotyle Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ^{[12] [13] [14]}
• Heteronchocotyle Brooks, 1934 ^[15]
• Hexabothrium von Nordmann, 1840 ^[16]
• Mobulicola Patella & Bullard, 2013 ^[2]
• Neonchocotyle Ktari & Maillard, 1972 ^[17]
• Paraheteronchocotyle Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 ^[18] (omitted in WoRMS ^[7] but considered valid ^[3])
• Pristonchocotyle Watson & Thorsen, 1976 ^[19]
• Protocotyle Euzet & Maillard, 1974 ^[11] (example: Protocotyle euzetmaillardi)
• Pseudohexabothrium Brinkmann, 1952 ^[20]
• Rajonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899 ^[21]
• Rhinobatonchocotyle Doran, 1953 ^[22]
• Squalonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899 ^{[21] [23]}

Notes and References

1. Price, E. W. 1942: North American monogenetic trematodes. V. The family Hexabothriidae n. n. (Polystomatoidea). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 9, 39-56. PDF of entire volume
2. Patella. Raquel. Bullard. Stephen A.. Hexabothriids of Devil Rays (Mobulidae): New genus and species from gill of Mobula hypostoma in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and redescription of a congener from Mobula rochebrunei in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology. 99. 5. 2013. 856–867. 0022-3395. 10.1645/12-153.1. 23641805 . 42889782 .
3. Vaughan. D.. Christison. K.. 2012. Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908) Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids. Zootaxa. 3229. 1–34. 10.11646/zootaxa.3229.1.1 .
4. Boeger, W. A., & Kritsky, D. C. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships of the Monogenoidea. In D. T. J. Littlewood & R. A. Bray (Eds.), Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes (pp. 92-102). London & New York: Taylor and Francis
5. Jovelin. Richard. Justine. Jean-Lou. Phylogenetic relationships within the polyopisthocotylean monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) inferred from partial 28S rDNA sequences. International Journal for Parasitology. 31. 4. 2001. 393–401. 0020-7519. 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00114-X. 11306118 .
6. Justine. Jean-Lou. Poddubnaya. Larisa G.. Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in basal polyopisthocotylean monogeneans, Hexabothriidae and Chimaericolidae, and their significance for the phylogeny of the Monogenea. Parasite. 25. 2018. 7. 1776-1042. 10.1051/parasite/2018007. 29436366 . 5811217 . free.
7. Bray, R. (2004). WoRMS (2015). Hexabothriidae Price, 1942. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119244 on 2015-12-04
8. Bullard. Stephen A.. Dippenaar. Susan M.. http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0595:BRNGAN2.0.CO;2 Branchotenthes robinoverstreeti n. gen. and n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) from gill filaments of the bowmouth guitarfish, Rhina ancylostoma (Rhynchobatidae), in the Indian Ocean.]. Journal of Parasitology. 89. 3. 2003. 595–601. 0022-3395. 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0595:BRNGAN]2.0.CO;2. 12880262. 21951837 .
9. Suriano, D. M. & Incorvaia, I. S. 1982: Sistematica y biologia de Callorhynchocotyle marplatensis Gen. et sp. nov (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) parasita de las branquias de Callorhynchus callorhynchus (Linné, 1758) Garman, 1904 (Pisces: Holocephali) de la region costera de Mar del Plata. Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales - Parasitologia (Buenos Aires), 2, 19-32.
10. Hargis . W. J. Jr . 1955 . Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes, Part VI. The superfamilies Polystomatoidea Price, 1936, and Diclidophoroidea Price, 1936 . Transactions of the American Microscopical Society . 74 . 4 . 361–377 . 10.2307/3224172 . 3224172 .
11. Euzet, Louis & Maillard, Claude, 1974: Les Monogènes Hexabothriidae Price, 1942. Historique, systématique, phylogenèse. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3° série, 206, Zoologie 136, 113-141. http://bionames.org/bionames-archive/issn/0300-9386/136/113.pdf
12. van Beneden, Pierre-Joseph & Hesse, C. E. 1863: Recherches sur les bdellodes ou hirudinées et les trématodes marins. Mémoires de l'Académie royale de Belgique, t. 34. Bruxelles: M. Hayez. BHL PDF (Erpocotyle laevis: pages 87-89)
13. Lambert. A.. Maillard. C.. L'oncomiracidium dErpocotyle catenulata (Guberlet, 1933) (Monogene Hexabothriidae) parasite de Mustelus mustelus (L.) (Selachii). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 54. 1. 1979. 113–115. 0003-4150. 10.1051/parasite/1979541113. 485037 . free.
14. Maillard. Cl.. Paperna. I.. Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) du Requin Marteau (Sphyrna mokarran) de la Mer Rouge. Description d'une nouvelle espèce, Erpocotyle septistoma. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 53. 5. 1978. 487–494. 10.1051/parasite/1978535487. free.
15. Brooks. G. L.. Some new ectoparasitic Trematodes (Onchocotylinae) from the gills of American sharks. Parasitology. 26. 2. 1934. 259–267. 0031-1820. 10.1017/S0031182000023544. 86338098 .
16. von Nordmann, Alexander 1840 Les vers (vermes). In: J.-B. de Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres... Paris, 2 ed., III: 542-686.
17. Ktari . Mohammed Hedi . Maillard . Claude . 1972 . Neonchocotyle pastinacae n. g. n. sp. (Monogenea Hexabothriidae) parasite de Dasyatis pastinaca dans le Golfe de Tunis : description de l'adulte et de la larve . Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée . 47 . 2. 181–191 . 10.1051/parasite/1972472181 .
18. Potamotrygonocotyle tsalickisi, new genus and species (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) and Paraheteronchocotyle amazonensis, new genus and species (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) from Potamotrygon circularis Garman (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in north western Brazil . 94 . 4 . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . Mayes, Monte A . Brooks, Daniel R . Thorson, Thomas B . 1981 . 1205–1210.
19. Watson, D. E. & Thorson, Thomas B. 1976: Helminths from Elasmobranchs in Central American Fresh Waters. Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes, Paper 52, 629-640. PDF
20. Brinkmann, A. Jr. 1952. Fish trematodes from Norwegian waters. I. The history of fish trematode investigations in Norway and the Norwegian species of the order Monogenea. Universitetet i Bergen, Årbok. Naturvitenskapelig rekke (1), 1-134.
21. Cerfontaine, Paul. 1899: Contribution à l'étude des Octocotylidés. V. Les Onchocotylinae. Archives de Biologie, 16, 345-478 + Plates 18-21.
22. Doran. David J.. New Monogenetic Trematodes from the Shovelnose Guitarfish, Rhinobatos productus (Ayres). Journal of Parasitology. 39. 2. 1953. 145–151. 0022-3395. 10.2307/3274109. 3274109. 13045180 .
23. Kheddam. Houda. Justine. Jean-Lou. Tazerouti. Fadila. Hexabothriid monogeneans from the gills of deep-sea sharks off Algeria, with the description of Squalonchocotyle euzeti n. sp. (Hexabothriidae) from the kitefin shark Dalatias licha (Euselachii, Dalatiidae). Helminthologia. 53. 4. 2016. 354–362 . 1336-9083. 10.1515/helmin-2016-0034. free.