Hewlett-Packard 9100A Explained

The Hewlett-Packard 9100A (HP 9100A) is an early programmable calculator[1] (or computer), first appearing in 1968. HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared."[2]

An ad for the 9100A in 1968 Science magazine contains one of the earliest documented use (as of 2000) of the phrase personal computer.

History

The unit was descended from a prototype produced by engineer Thomas "Tom" E. Osborne, who joined the company when HP decided to adopt the project.[3] [4] [5]

An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any expensive integrated circuits, the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed in cheaper discrete components. With CRT readout, magnetic card storage, and printer, the price was around .[6]

Thanks to its high speed of operations which was an order of magnitude faster than competitors[7] – addition or subtraction took just 2 ms, multiplication 22 ms and division 27 ms – the device could quickly execute not just regular trigonometric functions (330 ms) or logarithms (130 ms) but many iterative computations when following a program.[8] This made the 9100A the first scientific calculator by the modern definition, and also marked the beginning of Hewlett-Packard's long history of using Reverse Polish notation (RPN) entry on their calculators.

Due to the similarities of the machines, Hewlett-Packard was ordered to pay about in royalties to Olivetti after copying some of the solutions adopted in the Programma 101, like the magnetic card and the architecture.[9] [10]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. See Old Calculator Museum definition at the end of cited page (note with asterisk)
  2. Web site: History of the 9100A desktop calculator, 1968 . 2009-12-18 . Hewlett-Packard.
  3. Web site: Osborne's Story . HP9825.com . 2010-05-11.
  4. http://www.hpmuseum.org/journals/9100how.htm "How the Model 9100A Was Developed"
  5. http://www.hp9825.com/html/osborne_s_story.html 1994 letter from Tom Osborne to Barney Oliver
  6. Monoskop/Whole Earth . 1968 . 9100A Calculator . Whole Earth Catalog (fall 1968), no. #1010 . English . 34 . 2023-10-27.
  7. Web site: The 9100 Part 2 . 2024-01-14 . www.hp9825.com.
  8. Web site: HP9100 . 2024-01-14 . hpmemoryproject.org.
  9. Web site: Olivetti Programma P101/P102 . 11 August 2010 . Old Computers . The P101, and particularly the magnetic card, was covered by a US patent (3,495,222, Perotto et al.) and this gave to Olivetti over $900.000 in royalties by HP alone, for the re-use of this technology in the HP9100 series. . https://web.archive.org/web/20160609223035/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=847&st=1 . 9 June 2016 . dead .
  10. Web site: 3,495,222 Program Controlled Electronic Computer . November 8, 2010 . Pier Giorgio . Perotto . et al . February 10, 1970 . multiple . . Google patents.