Heterocrossa maculosa explained

Heterocrossa maculosa is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been found in the southern half of the South Island. Larvae feed on Hoheria angustifolia and Plagianthus regius. Adults are on the wing from November to January. This species is classified as "Data Deficient" by the Department of Conservation.

Taxonomy

This species was originally described by Alfred Philpott in 1927 using a specimen collected from Coopers Knob, Banks Peninsula by Stewart Lindsay and named Carposina maculosa.[1] [2] George Hudson discussed this species under this name in his 1928 publication The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand.[3] Later that same year Alfred Philpott examined the genitalia of male species of what was then known as C. maculosa. In 1978 Elwood Zimmerman argued that the genus Heterocrassa should not be a synonym of Carposina as the genitalia in this genus are distinctive.[4] Subsequently John S. Dugdale placed this species within the genus Heterocrossa.[5] The holotype specimen is held at the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

Description

Philpott originally described the species as follows:Philpott was of the opinion that the distinctive dots as well as the ground colour on the forewings of adults of this species distinguishes it from others in the genus. However Hudson was of the opinion that it was similar in appearance to H. literata.[6]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand.[7] As well as the type locality, it has been observed in the Lyttelton Hills, Hoon Hay Bush, and in the Aoraki / Mt Cook National Park in Canterbury as well as in Otago.

Biology and behaviour

The adult moths are on the wing from November to January.[8]

Host species and habitat

The larvae feed on Hoheria angustifolia and Plagianthus regius.

Conservation status

This species has been classified as having the "Data Deficient" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[9] The main risks to this species are likely habitat fragmentation and loss.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Dugdale. J. S.. 1988. Lepidoptera – annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand. 14. 131. 1 June 2018. 27 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190127012448/https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/26324/FNZ14Dugdale1988.pdf. dead.
  2. Philpott. Alfred. 1927. N.Z. Lepidoptera: notes and descriptions.. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 57. 703–709.
  3. Book: Hudson, G. V.. The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Ferguson & Osborn Ltd.. 1928. Wellington. 218. 25449322. George Hudson (entomologist).
  4. Book: Zimmerman, Elwood. Insects of Hawaii.. University of Hawaii Press.. 1978. 9780824804879. 9. Hawaii. 797. 10125/7338.
  5. 457.
  6. Book: Hudson . G. V. . A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand. . 1939 . Ferguson & Osborn Ltd . Wellington . 454 . 221041540 . George Hudson (entomologist) . 9 June 2018.
  7. Web site: Heterocrossa maculosa (Philpott, 1927). www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. 1 June 2018.
  8. 433.
  9. Hoare. R.J.B.. Dugdale. J.S.. Edwards. E.D.. Gibbs. G.W.. Patrick. B.H.. Hitchmough. R.A.. Rolfe. J.R.. 2017. Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015. New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 20. 8.
  10. The conservation status of invertebrates in Canterbury. Pawson, Stephen M.. Emberson, Rowan M.. 2000. Department of Conservation. 41–42. 10182/1658. 1171-9834.