| Honorific-Prefix: | The Honorable |
| Hermenegildo Atienza | |
| Office: | Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Manila |
| Constituency: | 4th district |
| Term Start: | December 30, 1949 |
| Term End: | February 9, 1952 |
| Successor: | Gavino Viola Fernando |
| Constituency1: | 2nd district |
| Term Start1: | May 25, 1946 |
| Term End1: | December 30, 1949 |
| Predecessor1: | Alfonso Mendoza |
| Successor1: | Arsenio Lacson |
| Order2: | 13th |
| Office2: | Mayor of Manila |
| Predecessor2: | Leon Guinto |
| Successor2: | Juan G. Nolasco |
| Term Start2: | July 18, 1944 |
| Term End2: | July 18, 1945 |
| Predecessor3: | Carmen Planas |
| Successor3: | Carmen Planas |
| Term Start3: | August 29, 1941 |
| Term End3: | July 17, 1944 |
| Office4: | Member of the Manila Municipal Board |
| Term Start4: | January 1, 1934 |
| Term End4: | January 4, 1940 |
| Birth Name: | Anselmo Hermenegildo Joaquin Atienza |
| Birth Date: | 21 April 1907 |
| Birth Place: | Manila, Philippine Islands |
| Death Place: | Manila, Philippines |
| Party: | Liberal (1946-1989) |
| Otherparty: | Nacionalista (1934-1942; 1945-1946) KALIBAPI (1942-1945) |
Anselmo Hermenegildo Joaquin Atienza (April 21, 1909 – 1989) was a Filipino politician. He served as 13th Mayor of Manila (1944–1945) and as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1946–1952). His term as mayor coincided with the Liberation of Manila. He was previously the Vice Mayor of Manila (1940–1944) and a member of the Manila Municipal Board (1934–1940).
Atienza topped the Philippine Bar Examination in 1932 as a student at the University of the Philippines. During World War II, he was imprisoned by the Japanese in Fort Santiago, alongside guerilla leader Guillermo Nakar. After the war, he was elected to the 1st Congress of the Philippines for Manila's second district. He became a strong opponent of the amnesty granted to collaborationists with the Japanese occupation.[1] In 1949, he introduced House Bill No. 2613, the Reciprocity Immigration Bill, which would have barred Australians from the country in response to the treatment of Lorenzo Gamboa under the White Australia policy.[2] He was re-elected in the same year, this time representing the newly-established 4th district of Manila. However, he was unseated in 1952 upon the annulment of his election due to an electoral protest.
His nephew Lito Atienza also became Mayor of Manila.[3]
An elementary school of the Division of City Schools - Manila (under DepEd) located in Baseco Compound, Port Area, Manila was named after him.
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