Herman S. Bachelard Explained

Herman S Bachelard
Birth Place:Melbourne, Australia
Nationality:British
Fields:Neurochemistry, Neurosciences
Workplaces:Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Alma Mater:Monash University
Known For:Brain chemistry, brain metabolism

Herman Stanton Bachelard (1929 – 12 September 2006) was a British neurochemist, editor-in-chief and neuroscience book writer. He was born in Melbourne, Australia, and gained his BSc in Chemistry and Microbiology from Melbourne University in 1951, achieving an MSc and PhD in Biochemistry at Monash University. He developed most of his academic career in the United Kingdom, where Professor Bachelard headed the Departments of Biochemistry of the University of Bath and St Thomas' Hospital King's College London School of Medicine, concluding his career as Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Nottingham.[1] [2] [3]

Academic career

In 1966 he took-up a permanent academic post at the Institute of Psychiatry under the leadership of Professor Henry McIlwain, with whom Bachelard eventually culminated in joint authorshipthe classic text "Biochemistryand the Central Nervous System"[4] Bachelard's books also included "Brain Biochemistry"[5] and "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry.",[6] and -as a co-editor- also "Neurochemistry : a practical approach"[7] In 1975 Herman was appointed to the Chair of Biochemistry in the University of Bath, and in 1979 undertook the Chair of Biochemistry at St. Thomas's Medical School, London. He was Chief Editor (Eastern Hemisphere) of the Journal of Neurochemistry for five years, and also acted as the founding Secretary of the European Society for Neurochemistry from 1976 until 1980 when he became its President and held that post until 1984.
Having developed an interest in non-invasive approaches to study brain metabolism Herman moved to Nottingham (UK), firstly as an external user at the newly formed MRC Biomedical NMR Centre at the National Institute for Medical Research, and then, in 1991, as a Research Professor in Residence at the Department of Physics of the University of Nottingham, from where he eventually retired in 1996.

Research

Most of Bachelard's research had the regulation of energy metabolism in the brain as a central theme, and involved invasive techniques in experimental animal preparations ranging from purified glycolytic-enzymes[8] [9] to tissue-homogenates,[10] synaptosomes,[11] [12] [13] brain slices[14] [15] [16] and even anaesthetized live-animals.[17] Much of this work emphasized the brain's critical dependence on the availability of circulating glucose and oxygen, unveiling details of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in the brain.[18] [19] During his later years in Nottingham Bachelard participated actively in pioneerering studies in human volunteers on the application of "13-C In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy" to estimate glucose-oxidation metabolic rates in visual cortex during intense light-stimulation.[20] A comprehensive list of most of his research articles can be found here

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The death of Professor Herman Bachelard 1929–2006. 8 December 2013. 23 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192652/http://www.bath.ac.uk/news/articles/campus/death-hermanbachelard271006.html. dead.
  2. Lunt. George. Eisenthal. Robert. 2007. Herman Bachelard – 1929–2006. Journal of Neurochemistry. en. 100. 4. 855–856. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04436.x. 17254007. 1471-4159. free.
  3. Web site: 2018-12-03. ESN Bachelard Lectureship Award. 2020-12-07. ISN. en-US.
  4. Book: Bachelard. Henry. McIlwain. Herman S.. Biochemistry and the central nervous system. 1985. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh. 978-0443019616. 5th.
  5. Book: Bachelard, H.S.. Brain biochemistry. 1981. Chapman and Hall. London [etc.]. 978-0412234705. 2nd.
  6. Book: Bachelard. Herman. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry.. 1997. Springer Verlag. Boston, MA. 978-1461376880.
  7. Book: Turner. A. J.. Neurochemistry : a practical approach. 1997. IRL press at Oxford university press. Oxford. 978-0199634392. 2nd. H.S. Bachelard.
  8. Bachelard. HS. The subcellular distribution and properties of hexokinases in the guinea-pig cerebral cortex.. The Biochemical Journal. July 1967. 104. 1. 286–92. 6035519. 10.1042/bj1040286. 1270574.
  9. Nicholas. PC. Bachelard, HS. The separation, partial purificatio nd some properties of isoenzymes of aldolase from guinea-pig cerebral cortex.. The Biochemical Journal. May 1969. 112. 5. 587–94. 5821724. 10.1042/bj1120587. 1187760.
  10. Bachelard. HS. Deoxyglucose and brain glycolysis.. The Biochemical Journal. May 1972. 127. 5. 83P. 5076230. 1178807. 10.1042/bj1270083pa.
  11. Heaton. GM. Bachelard, HS. The kinetic properties of hexose transport into synaptosomes from guinea pig cerebral cortex.. Journal of Neurochemistry. November 1973. 21. 5. 1099–108. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07564.x. 4761699. 44814730.
  12. Heaton. GM. Bachelard, HS. Fluid spaces of synaptosome beds.. Journal of Neurochemistry. April 1974. 22. 4. 561–4. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb06895.x. 4829976. 35149176.
  13. Park. IR. Thorn, MB . Bachelard, HS . Threshold requirements for oxygen in the release of acetylcholine from, and in the maintenance of the energy state in, rat brain synaptosomes.. Journal of Neurochemistry. September 1987. 49. 3. 781–8. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb00961.x. 3612124. 38225161.
  14. BACHELARD. HS. CAMPBELL, WJ . McILWAIN, H . The sodium and other ions of mammalian cerebral tissues, maintained and electrically stimulated in vitro.. The Biochemical Journal. August 1962. 84. 2. 225–32. 13863711. 1243652. 10.1042/bj0840225.
  15. Fletcher. AM. Bachelard, HS. Demonstration of high affinity hexose uptake in cerebral cortex-slices.. Journal of Neurochemistry. July 1978. 31. 1. 233–6. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb12453.x. 671022. 43392063.
  16. Cox. DW. Drower, J . Bachelard, HS . Effects of metabolic inhibitors on evoked activity and the energy state of hippocampal slices superfused in vitro.. Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation Cerebrale. 1985. 57. 3. 464–70. 10.1007/BF00237833. 2984037. 20377435.
  17. Obrenovitch. TP. Garofalo, O . Harris, RJ . Bordi, L . Ono, M . Momma, F . Bachelard, HS . Symon, L . Brain tissue concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, and tissue pH in relation to reduced cerebral blood flow following experimental acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. December 1988. 8. 6. 866–74. 10.1038/jcbfm.1988.144. 3192651. 36726218 .
  18. Bachelard. HS. Glucose as a fuel for the brain.. Biochemical Society Transactions. 1978. 6. 3. 520–4. 669002. 10.1042/bst0060520. 5052384.
  19. Bachelard. HS. Oxygen and brain metabolism.. Biochemical Society Transactions. 1978. 6. 2. 368–72. 648716. 10.1042/bst0060368a.
  20. Chhina. N. Kuestermann, E . Halliday, J . Simpson, LJ . Macdonald, IA . Bachelard, HS . Morris, PG . Measurement of human tricarboxylic acid cycle rates during visual activation by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 1 December 2001. 66. 5. 737–46. 10.1002/jnr.10053. 11746397. 19659097.

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