Henry Mann Explained

Henry Berthold Mann (27 October 1905, Vienna – 1 February 2000, Tucson) was a professor of mathematics and statistics at the Ohio State University. Mann proved the Schnirelmann-Landau conjecture in number theory, and as a result earned the 1946 Cole Prize. He and his student developed the ("Mann-Whitney") U-statistic of nonparametric statistics.[1] Mann published the first mathematical book on the design of experiments: .

Early life of a number theorist

Born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, to a Jewish family, Mann earned his Ph.D. degree in mathematics in 1935 from the University of Vienna under the supervision of Philipp Furtwängler. Mann immigrated to the United States in 1938, and lived in New York, supporting himself by tutoring students.

In additive number theory, Mann proved the Schnirelmann–Landau conjecture on the asymptotic density of sumsets in 1942.[2] By doing so he established Mann's theorem and earned the 1946 Cole Prize.[3]

Statistics

In 1942 the Carnegie Foundation awarded Mann a fellowship to learn statistics while assisting the operations research group of Harold Hotelling at Columbia University. His group also supported Abraham Wald, and Wald and Mann collaborated on several papers. In statistics, Mann is known for the ("Mann–Whitney") U-statistic and its associated hypothesis test for nonparametric statistics. Collaborating with Wald, Mann developed the Mann–Wald theorem of asymptotic statistics and econometrics.

Mann wrote the first mathematical book on the design of experiments, whose principles allowed later statisticians to design and to analyze customized experiments. Like contemporary "self-help" and "how to" books, the earlier books gave easy-to-follow examples but little theory beyond exhortations to follow three principles of Ronald A. Fisher—to "replicate", to "establish control" (for example with blocking), and to "randomize" (assignment of treatments to units). Earlier books provided useful examples of designed experiments along with the design's analysis of variance, but no basis for constructing new designs for new problems, according to .[4]

According to Denis Conniffe:

Later life

In 1946 Mann returned to Ohio State University, where he served as a professor of mathematics until his retirement in 1964. Mann then became a professor at the U.S. Army's Mathematics Research Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison 1964–1971. Mann was professor at the University of Arizona from 1971 to 1975. His doctoral students include George Marsaglia and William Yslas Vélez.

Publications

Notes and References

  1. Book: Olson, John. Henry B. Mann (with photograph). Number theory and algebra: Collected papers dedicated to Henry B. Mann, Arnold E. Ross, and Olga Taussky-Todd. xx-xxv. Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers]. 1977. 469653. 0-12-776350-3. Hans. Zassenhaus. Hans Zassenhaus. New York-London. 2011-01-20. 2011-01-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20110102153248/http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/history/biographies/mann/. dead. (The web-link is to a slightly updated edition of the biography.)
  2. Book: Aleksandr Khinchin . Khinchin . A. Ya. . Three Pearls of Number Theory . Dover . Mineola, NY . 1998 . 978-0-486-40026-6 . 27–28.
  3. https://www.ams.org/profession/prizes-awards/ams-prizes/cole-prize-number-theory Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Number Theory
  4. News: N. L.. Johnson. Norman L. Johnson. Review (of Analysis and Design of Experiments by H. B. Mann). Biometrika. 38. 1–2. June 1951 . 260–261. 2332334.